• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2007

As a preliminary study for the development of electrical stimulation strategy of artificial retina, we set up a method fur the reconstruction of input intensity variation from retinal ganglion cell(RGC) responses. In order to estimate light intensity variation, we used an optimal linear filter trained from given stimulus intensity variation and multiple single unit spike trains from RGCs. By applying ON/OFF stimulation(ON duration: 2 sec, OFF duration: 5 sec) repetitively, we identified three functional types of ganglion cells according to when they respond to the ON/OFF stimulus actively: ON cell, OFF cell, and ON-OFF cell. Experiments were also performed using a Gaussian random stimulus and a binary random stimulus. The input intensity was updated once every 90 msec(i. e. 11 Hz) to present the stimulus. The result of reconstructing 11 Hz Gaussian and binary random stimulus was not satisfactory and showed low correlation between the original and reconstructed stimulus. In the case of ON/OFF stimulus in which temporal variation is slow, successful reconstruction was achieved and the correlation coefficient was as high as 0.8.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.314-327
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between the level of emotional labor and job stress for public health nurses. Methods: The survey was conducted from Mar. to Oct. 2010 for collection of data from public health nurses (N=195). Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Tukey HSD, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used in performance of data analysis. Results: Results of this study indicate that as the nurses grow older, they receive a larger salary and their emotional labor is reduced. The results of this study also demonstrate that the emotional labor is highest when their total nursing job work duration and public health nurse work duration are between six and 10 years. There is a significant difference in job stress of the two age groups between occupational roles and personal strain. This means that job stress is highest in nurses who are in their thirties and low fifties. Emotional labor showed positive correlation with occupational roles and personal strain of job stress, but showed negative correlation with personal resources. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, we suggest development of interventions to reduce emotional labor and job stress, taking into account the characteristics of age.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.425-437
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 가뭄빈도해석을 위해 이변량 확률분포함수를 적용하였으며, 가뭄 특성(가뭄 지속기간과 심도)의 상호관계를 고려하여 지역적 가뭄특성을 종합적으로 판단하였다. 또한 단변량 가뭄해석의 한계점을 극복하기 위한 방안으로 이변량 가뭄해석을 수행하였으며, 이를 위해 코플라 함수를 적용하였다. 가뭄 발생의 확률 및 경향성을 종합적으로 나타내어 줄 수 있는 결합 확률밀도함수를 추정한 후, 지점별 가뭄빈도해석 및 과거 최대가뭄사상에 대한 단변량 및 이변량 재현기간을 산정하여 비교 분석하였다. 또한, 우리나라의 과거 최대가뭄사상에 대한 가뭄위험도분석을 위해, 연속되는 50년과 100년동안 최소 한번 발생하는 확률(과거 최대가뭄사상 크기의 가뭄)을 강우관측지점별로 계산하여 가뭄위험지역을 예상하였다. 그러나 우리나라와 같이 강수자료의 기록연한이 짧은 경우에는 이변량 가뭄빈도해석을 수행하는 데 큰 불확실성을 야기할 가능성이 있다. 그러므로 가뭄해석 결과의 불확실성을 정량화시키기 위한 방안으로 강수모의기법을 활용하였으며, 그 결과 관측된 가뭄사상으로 추정된 이변량 가뭄빈도곡선에 대한 5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 그리고 95%의 신뢰구간을 제시할 수 있었다. 또한 가뭄 지속기간과 심도의 95% 신뢰수준에 대한 이변량 가뭄재현기간의 경계값(상한값 및 하한값)을 추정하였다. 그 결과 불확실성의 원인은 가뭄빈도해석 시 고려되었던 두 변량에 대한 낮은 상관성으로 인해, 확률적인 방법으로 결합분포모형을 추정하는 데 있어 발생한 불확실성인 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2024

본 연구의 목적은 물리적 분포형 유출 모형인 GRM (Grid based rainfall-Runoff Model)을 이용하여 댐 유입량을 모의함으로써 연속형 모의에 대한 GRM 모형의 적용성을 평가하는 것이다. GRM 모형은 기존에 강우-유출 사상의 모의를 위해서 개발되었으나, 최근에 연속형 모의가 가능하도록 개선되었다. 대상 유역은 충주댐 유역, 안동댐 유역, 용담댐 유역, 섬진강댐 유역이며, 500 m × 500 m의 공간 해상도로 유출 모형을 구축하였다. 모의 기간은 21년(2001년~2021년)이다. 모의결과의 평가는 17년 기간(2005년~2021년)에 대해서 수행하였으며, 17년 전체 자료(total duration), 풍수기(6월~9월, wet season), 갈수기(10월~5월, dry season)의 3개 자료 기간으로 구분하고, 각 댐의 관측된 일유입량과 비교하였다. 모의결과의 적합도 평가는 Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency 계수(NSE), Kling-Gupta efficiency 계수(KGE), 상관계수(CC), 총용적 오차(VE)를 사용하였다. 모의된 댐 유입량의 평가결과 total duration과 wet season에서 관측자료를 잘 재현할 수 있었으며, dry season에서도 저유량 자료의 불확실성을 고려할 때 양호한 모의결과를 나타내었다. 연구결과 GRM 모형의 연속형 모의기법은 적절히 구현된 것으로 판단되었으며, 본 연구의 댐 유입량 모의에 충분히 적용성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2010

Actual evapotranspiration (AET) in the Suyeong-gu was estimated and correlations between AET and meteorological factors were analyzed. The study area was Suyeong-gu lay at the east longitude $129^{\circ}$ 05' 40" ~ 129$^{\circ}$ 08' 08" and north latitude $35^{\circ}$ 07' 59" ~ $35^{\circ}$ 11' 01". The Kumryun mountain, the Bae mountain, the Suyeong river and the Suyeong bay are located on west, north, northeaster and south side in the study area, respectively. AET was estimated using precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (PET) and plant-available water coefficient. Meteorological factors to estimate PET were air temperature, dewpoint temperature, atmospheric pressure, duration of sunshine and mean wind speed (MWS). PET and AET were estimated by a method of Allen et al. (1998) and Zhang et al. (2001), respectively. PET was the highest value (564.45 mm/yr) in 2002 year, while it was the lowest value (449.95 mm/yr) in 2003 year. AET was estimated highest value (554.14 mm/yr) in 2002 year and lowest value (427.91 mm/yr) in 2003 year. Variations of PET and AET were similar. The linear regression function of AET as PET using monthly data was AET=0.87$\times$PET+3.52 and coefficient of determination was high, 0.75. In order to analyze relationship between the evapotranspiration and meteorological factors, correlation analysis using monthly data were accomplished. Correlation coefficient of AET-PET was 0.96 high, but they of AET-P and PET-P were very low. Correlation coefficients of AET-MWS and PET-MWS were 0.67 and 0.73, respectively. Thus, correlation between evapotranspiration and MWS was the highest among meteorological factors in Suyong-gu. This means that meteorological factor to powerfully effect for the variation of evapotranspiration was MWS. The linear regression function of AET as MWS was AET=84.73$\times$MWS+223.05 and coefficient of determination was 0.54. The linear regression function of PET as MWS was PET=83.83$\times$MWS+203.62 and coefficient of determination was 0.45.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.583-590
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• 1998

This study was undertaken in order to examine the effect of hardiness on stress-causing factors, defined in this study as burnout in nursing. The subjects were 248 nurses working in three general hospitals in Taejon. The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, modified Health-Related Hardiness Scale(HRHS) (25 items), job stress scale (63 items), and burnout scale (20 items). Analysis of data was done through the mean, percentage, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression done with a SAS program. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The average item score for the job stress was high at 4.44. In the subcategories, the highest degree of stress was night duty(5.11), and work overload(4.70), responsibility for extra affairs(4.70), conflict in nurse-doctor relationships(4.69), and low reward(4.63) in that order. 2) In the stepwise multiple regression analysis, hardiness(11.55%) was a significant determinant of burnout along with job stress(17.24%) and job duration(12.94%). The results of this study show that hardiness has an effect on psychological distress caused by stress.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to find out the relationships between helplessness and health behavior of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: The subjects were 293 rheumatoid arthritis patients who visit 2 rheumatology outpatient clinics in G city. Data were collected by questionnaires including Arthritis helplessness index(Nicassio, Wallston, Callahan, Herbert, & Pincus, 1985)and health behavior assessment scale(Jo, Oh & Choe, 2000). The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: The majority of the subjects were women and the mean age was 50.4years. The mean duration of illness was 8.9years. There were negative correlations between the degree of helplessness and the degree of health behavior. The degree of helplessness was significantly high in those who were older, female, less educated, out of workforce, and those who had no chances to attend any arthritis-related classes. The degree of health behavior was significantly low in those who were older, high school graduate, in higher economic status, married, and those who had chances to attend arthritis-related classes. Conclusion: To reduce the helplessness of rheumatoid arthritis patients, the nursing intervention which is to increase the health behavior should be developed and provided to the rheumatoid arthritis patients.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.87-108
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• 2000

This study analyzes the factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children. The factors are divided into the environmental ones and innate ones. The purposes of this study is presented as follows. 1) To analyze the environmental factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children (1) whether the education period affects self-esteem of the gifted children? (2) what influences do the manners of parental child-rearing behavior make? (3) what influences do peer relationships make on self-esteem of the gifted children? 2) To analyze the innate factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children (1) does the gender make a difference to self-esteem of the gifted children? (2) does the level of intelligence make a difference to self-esteem of the gifted children? (3) what influences does the locus of control make on the self-esteem of the gifted children? To solve these questions 120 gifted children were selected, who were taking a special education program at C Korea Academy of Gifted Education located at Yangjae-dong Seocho-gu. They were 1st to 3rd grades at elementary school. We used Hare Self-Esteem Scale developed by Bruce R. Hare in 1985, the Index of Peer Relations developed by Hudson in 1986, and Nowicki & Strickland Locus of Control Scale developed by Nowicki and Strickland in 1973. At the other hand the nursing behaviors of 120 mothers of the gifted, were also investigated, based on the Korean Maternal Behavior Inventory, developed by Sungyeon Park in 1989 with some modifications. For statistical analysis we adopted SPSS, a computer software, and calaulated the coefficient of internal appropriateness and the frequencies and percentages of general aspects of the cases. We analysed the factors influencing the self-esteem of the gifted children by way of Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis and Duncan for ex-post-facto approval. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) Influences of the environmental factors on the self-esteem of the gifted children: (1) The duration of education period had a significant effect on the self-esteem; the longer the duration were, the higher self-esteem they possessed. (2) Of parental child-rearing behaviors, active involvement had positive influence on the self-esteem; on the contrary, authoritarian control and overprotection had negative influences on the self-esteem. (3) An acceptable peer relationship had a positive influence on the self-esteem of the gifted children. 2) Influences of individual innate characteristics on the self-esteem of the gifted children: (1) The gender made no difference on the self-esteem of the gifted. (2) The intelligence did not have a statistically significant effect on the self-esteem of the gifted. (3) When the locus of control was external, the self-esteem of the gifted tended to be low.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1985

유전자원의 장기 안전보존 관리의 기초자료를 얻고자 농촌진흥청 종자저온 저장실에 보관되어 있는 수도 품종중 저장기간이 96, 86. 55, 20개월된 일반계 3품종, 다수계 1품종 모두 4품종을 공시하고 저장조건에 따른 발아력을 30~32$^{\circ}C$와 15~17$^{\circ}C$에서 시험 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 저장온도에 따른 발아율은 30~32$^{\circ}C$의 발아적온에서는 공시품종 모두 89 % 이상이었고 15~17$^{\circ}C$의 저온에서도 통일을 제외하고는 80 % 이상의 발아율을 보였으며 평균 발아일수 및 발아계수도 저장온도에 따른 차이는 인정할 수 없었다. 2. 저장기간에 따른 발아는 30~32$^{\circ}C$의 발아적온에서는 발아율, 평균 발아일수 및 발아계수의 차이가 없었으며 15~17$^{\circ}C$의 저온에서는 저장기간이 길수록 평균 발아일수가 길었고 발아율 및 발아계수가 낮은 경향이었으며 다수계품종(통일)이 일반계품종에 비하여 저온에서의 발아율이 낮았다. 3. 저장기간이 길수록 이당 발아 개체의 출현율이 높은 경향이었다. 4. 저장시 종자내 수분 함량이 높고 공기유통이 되지않는 용기(polyethlene)의 밀봉저장에서 발아력의 상실이 빨랐다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to clarify the correlation between the degree of patients daily activities and that of a sense and social support of families. This study covers families of 252 patients under home health nursing care at 6 University Hospitals during the period of March to May. 1999. The data were collected by using three different questionnaires. Data were analysed by utilizing SAS program such as frequency. average. percentage. t-test. ANOVA. Scheffe test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. The average score of patients' daily living activity was $2.36\pm0.67$. $97.2\%$ patients turned out to be. in part. dependent on their family's care. $66.5\%$ of the patients were still dependent on their families in walking: $66.3\%$ In bathing: and $61.0\%$ in using toilet. 2. The average score burdened family caregivers had felt was 2.25 in 4 full point which can be interpreted as average. Among the six burden dimensions. time was said to be the No. 1 burden-yielding factor. When it comes to the characteristics of patients. there were tendencies for patients with lower incomes residing in communal housing. with cerebrovasculal diseases and with higher score of daily living activity to show a higher burden scores. 3. The average score of social support was 2.49 in 5 point. which represents a average score. Among other items. the opportunity of social integration was 2.66. topping the list whereas a chance of upbringing was starkly low at 2.42. The higher scores of social support were shown in cases where the caregiver was male spouse. total care giving duration exceeded 25 months and malignant patients daily living activity scores were low. 4. The score of patients daily activity was positively correlated to the degree of the family burden (r=0.1942). Data indicates there was direct correlation between daily living activity and burden of time consuming, self-improving and physical impairment. 5. The score of the patients daily living was negatively correlated to the social support (r=0.3414), As a whole. there was negative correlation between social support and the formation of intimacy and self-confidence.