• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.271-280
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• 2019

This study aimed to examine the relations between organizational fairness and organizational effectiveness in fire-fighting organizations, and provide basic data for higher organizational effectiveness. The subjects of the study were fire-fighting officers under the Jeollanamdo Fire Service and were interviewed with the use of questionnaire from April 3 through 13, 2016. 433 copies of the responses were analysed with the use of SPSS ver. 18.0 for Window. The results are presented as follows: Distributive justice and interaction justice had a positive effect on job satisfaction, and procedure justice and distributive justice had a positive effect on organizational commitment. Distributive justice and interaction justice had a negative effect on turnover intention.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.57-67
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• 2021

This study explores what factors influence college students' synchronous online learning satisfaction and what advantages and disadvantages exist when it comes to taking synchronous online learning courses. In-depth interview results suggest that advantages of synchronous online learning are convenience (no need for travel, no limitation for study place), saving money, and no worry for contracting Corona 19. However, disadvantages of synchronous online learning are instability of online learning system, lack of interaction between learners and educators, difficulty of instant communication, low education quality, and unfairness of exams. This study found that college students taking synchronous online course think that synchronous online learning is more appropriate for theory-based course than practice-based courses in that theory-based courses are lecture-oriented while practice-based courses require interactivity between learners and educators. This study provides educators a baseline understanding on how college students think over synchronous online learning and how to enhance students' satisfaction with synchronous online learning.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.961-970
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• 2009

Over the last decade, interactive devices such as mobile phones have become complicated drastically mainly because of feature creep, the tendency for the number of features in a product to rise with each release of the product. One of the ways to reduce the complexity of a multi-functional device is to design it consistently. Although the definition of consistency is elusive and it is sometimes beneficial to be inconsistent, in general, consistently designed systems are easier to learn, easier to remember, and causing less errors. In practice, however, it is often not easy to design the user interaction or interface of a multi-functional device consistently. Since the interaction design of a multi-functional device should deal with a large number of design variables and relations among them, solving this problem might be very time-consuming and error-prone. Therefore, there is a strong need for a well-developed methodology that supports the complex design process. This study has developed an effective and efficient methodology, called CUID (Consistent Design of User Interaction), which focuses on logical consistency rather than physical or visual consistency. CUID deals with three main problems in interaction design: procedure design for each task, decisions of available operations(or functions) for each system state, and the mapping of available operations(functions) and interface controls. It includes a process for interaction design and a software tool for supporting the process. This paper also demonstrates how CUID supports the consistent design of user interaction by presenting a case study. It shows that the logical inconsistencies of a multi-functional device can be resolved by using the CUID methodology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.202-205
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• 2006

Space design is a process of solving spatial problems to create and construct all kinds of human lives. It also bestows new values to a medium to induce human perception based on the relationships between 'human and space' surrounding people. Research on user behavior has several ultimate goals including understanding both individual behavior and the relations between the user and space from a more scientific and systematic perspective, predicting various phenomena that can happen between space and humans, and reflecting the results in space design. As user behavior that's once limited within given space is going through some changes due to the introduction of digital technologies, research on user behavior in today's space design should be newly illuminated in the aspects of organic relations. Space now works as a receptor communicating with the user and responding to user behavior, and user behavior once under one-sided influences from space becomes more diverse and active. The influences of user behavior, in turn, cause changes to space itself. Thus this study set out to suggest new directions in research on user behavior based on interactions between space and the user in space design.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.645-656
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• 2018

Importance of procuring adequate knowledge about the mechanical behavior of double-layered graphene sheets (DLGSs) incensed the authors to investigate wave propagation responses of mentioned element while rested on a visco-Pasternak medium under hygro-thermal loading. A nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is exploited to present a more reliable size-dependent mechanical analysis by capturing both softening and hardening effects of small scale. Furthermore, in the framework of a classical plate theory the kinematic relations are developed. Incorporating kinematic relations with the definition of Hamilton's principle, the Euler-Lagrange equations of each of the layers are derived separately. Afterwards, combining Euler-Lagrange equations with those of the NSGT the nonlocal governing equations are written in terms of displacement fields. Interaction of the each of the graphene sheets with another one is regarded by the means of vdW model. Then, a widespread analytical solution is employed to solve the derived equations and obtain wave frequency values. Subsequently, influence of each participant variable containing nonlocal parameter, length scale parameter, foundation parameters, temperature gradient and moisture concentration is studied by plotting various figures.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1107-1118
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• 2007

This study explored the consistency of bullying, victimization and aggressive victimization, the relationships between bullying, victimization and aggressive victimization and overt/relational aggression, and the relationships between bullying groups and overt/relational aggression with gender. The subjects were 4th grade children and 2 years later they were contacted again. Instruments were the Bully-Behavior Scale, the Peer-Victimization Scale and the Peer Nomination Instrument. Bullying, victimization and aggressive victimization were decreased while there were consistencies in overt and relational aggression from 4th to 6th grade. In the correlation analysis, male victims at Time 1 were negatively related to overt and relational aggression at both Time 1 and Time 2. Female bullies were positively related to relational aggression at both Time 1 and Time 2. In the cross-sectional relations of overt aggression with bullying groups, there was a gender difference. In the relational aggression with bullying groups, only bullying groups had a significant difference. In the longitudinal relations of overt aggression with bullying groups, only gender had a significant difference. Males appeared to be more overtly aggressive than females. In the relational aggression, bullying groups, gender, and the interaction between bullying groups and gender had significant differences. Female bullies were more likely to be relationally aggressive than other groups.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1141-1154
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• 2014

The purpose of this study examined the moderating effect of maternal emotion-related socialization behaviors on the relations between preschooler's effortful control and prosocial behavior. In this study, subjects were 153 preschoolers and their mothers. The major results were as follows; there was a moderating effect of maternal emotion-related socialization behaviors on the relationship between preschooler's effortful control and prosocial behavior. Specifically, maternal negative emotion expression and response to the preschooler's positive emotion moderated the effect preschooler's effortful control on prosocial behavior. In conclusion, the impact of effortful control on preschooler's prosocial behavior were significant. Also, maternal emotion-related socialization behaviors(i.e., negative emotion expression and response to the child's positive emotion) affected on preschooler's prosocial behavior. The findings of the study will contribute to help maternal emotional interaction with their preschool aged children.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-45
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• 2000

An analysis of factors determining the quality of labor-management realtions shows that they include the external environment factors, the agent factors representing spirits and strategies of unions and employers, and the process factors of interaction channels in bargaining, consultation, and participation. It is found from recent research results that the spirits and strategies of unions and employers is the most important factor and that communication, consultation and sincere bargainings between them are the next most important, while environment factors are rarely important. It is suggested that mutual trust and respects, information sharing, sufficient communication and consultation, joint workplace innovation, and industry-level labor-management consultation are effective tools for good industrial relations.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2004

For the purpose of an effective instruction-learning process by systematic management of knowledge between instructor and learner in e-Learning, we have developed the authoring system in which the instructor is able to author easily on various lecture frames according to the instructional design theory. The authored contents with the relations among the learning objects based on SCORM standard would help learner to conceptualize the contents. A knowledge map is constructed on the relations among the learning objects using RDF of the semantic web. We introduce the ontology in which the instructor can make a dictionary of terminology by registering the words of the teaching area. The learning activity and comprehension of students can be assessed using each student's learning map along the interaction points which are introduced to present the individual learning by considering each student's capacity of understanding and achievement.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2021

Purpose: This paper reviews the attitudes of consumers related to the consumption crisis response strategy (i.e., defensive vs. receptive) that companies implement during crises. Research design, data, and methodology: We discuss the interaction between the crisis response strategy and the consumption crisis type (i.e., corporate ability vs. corporate social responsibility). We used SAS ver. 9.4 software to analyze the results. We applied a 2 × 2 intergroup experimental design to our sample of subjects, who were undergraduate and graduate students at a university in Seoul, South Korea. The three experimental variables considered were the entity's risk response strategy, the crisis type, and public relations strategy. The experiments were conducted by presenting a hypothetical scenario to eight groups. Prior to this experiment, five preliminary surveys were conducted to determine the three variables just mentioned. Preliminary surveys were conducted on the basis of these criteria. For eight selected product lines, 320 undergraduates were required to enter the product lines that are frequently used in the assessment center up to the fourth priority. Results: Analysis of variance revealed that experiments related to crisis response strategy, type of enterprise crisis, and type of public relations message were successful. Conclusions: Our results verify the impact of different types of social initiatives on distribution marketplaces.