• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.574-580
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• 1998

Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in the worldwide. To control and prevent the disease effectively, several methods such as development of a fast and specific diagnostic method and vaccine, education etc, have been carried out. However, it still has a problem in the control and prevention. To control, the most important method is the prevention of direct or indirect contact of the causative agent with susceptible host. Therefore, we developed a fast and specific detection method, polymerase chain reaction, of B anthracis from soil and infected animals because the organism could survive long time in the environment including soil due to formation of spore. With the method, virulence genes of B anthracis were successfully amplified from experimentally infected soil and mice. Up to $4.2{\times}10$ of the organisms per gram could be detected with the PCR method from experimentally infected soil. These results suggested that this PCR method could be effectively used not only to detect B anthracis in soil and infected animal but also to provide the information to prevent the disease.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2009

The survival of Colletotrichum acutatum was investigated in soil, infected fruits, and infected fruit debris incorporated into soil at several temperatures with different soil moisture levels. Samples were examined at 2-week intervals for 18 weeks to determine the survival of the pathogen based on the number of colony forming unit (CFU) of C. acutatum recovered on a semi-selective medium. C. acutatum conidia survived in both sterile and non-sterile soil at 4 and $10^{\circ}C$ for 18 weeks. If infected pepper fruits were completely dried, C. acutatum survived for 18 weeks at temperature from 4 to $20^{\circ}C$. Soil temperature and moisture affected the survival of C. acutatum in infected fruit debris incorporated into soil after air-drying. The effect of soil moisture on survival was weaker at low temperatures than at high temperatures. For up to 16 weeks, conidia were recovered from fruit debris in soil that had been kept at 4 to $20^{\circ}C$ and below 6% soil moisture. Conidia were recovered from fields until approximately 6 months after pepper fruits were harvested. Using PCR with species-specific primers and a pathogenicity test, we identified conidia recovered from soil and infected fruit from both the laboratory and field as C. acutatum and as the primary inoculum causing pepper anthracnose.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2024

Fire blight is a bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora. In Korea, fire blight was first reported in 2015 in an orchard. If the infection is confirmed, all trees in the orchard must be removed and the orchard must remain closed for 3 years. Since 2020, if the number of trees infected with fire blight is less than 5% of the total trees in the orchard, only the infected tree and adjacent trees are removed in Korea. Three years after removal, the trees can be replanted after confirming that the orchard soil is free from E. amylovora. In this study, a protocol was established for detecting E. amylovora in soil via selective enrichment, using tryptic soy broth with 0.05% bile salts and 50 ㎍/ml cycloheximide, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. This protocol resulted in a 1,000-times improved detection limit for E. amylovora in soil samples compared to that in unenriched samples. Soil monitoring was performed for orchards where fire blight-infected trees had been removed 3-27 months prior; the selected orchards were monitored every 3 months. Monitoring confirmed that E. amylovora was not present in the soil at any site in any of the orchards. A new detection protocol facilitates the monitoring of E. amylovora in soil and could help permit the replanting of trees in orchards. Also monitoring results provide evidence that trees can be planted earlier.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2002년도 총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.107.2-108
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• 2002

Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus(BaYMV) is responsible for ane of the most improtant disease in malting Barley in Korea. It is transcitted by soil borne fungus, Polymyza graminis To estimate the occurrence pattern of BaYMV by the physio-chemical property of soil collected from farmer's sield, this study was conducted. The rate of didsease occurrence to BaYMV investigated at 19 spots of 10th regions. The sample soil was collected by 20 pots among an ifected field and analyzed th soil characters in 2002. The rate of disease occurrence to BaYMV was about 79%,60%,65% in Sacheon, Kosung and Hadong areas, respectively, which is malting Barley growing regions but Pohang, Yeongduk, Euesung, Gunwee, which are growing Covered Barley doesn't infected BaYMV. The tested of RT-PCR was showed that the BaYMV, BMMV.SBWMV. were identified in Milyang but the others regions was infected only to BaYMV. The physio-chemical property of soil collected from infected soil show various range such as pH(4.98~8.05), EC(0.44~2.7%),OM(1.61~6.85), P2O5958~519), K(0.22~1.82), Ca(2.3~9.7), Mg(0.5~2.6), Na(0.14~0.43) The correlation coefficient between physio-chemical property fo the infected soil and infection rate shows significant to pH at 5% level. Although OM and Ca were high scores, it doesn't significant at 5% but it need to be more study in future.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.583-592
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• 2022

Root-knot nematode disease is a widespread and catastrophic disease of tobacco. However, little is known about the relationship between rhizosphere bacterial community and root-knot nematode disease. This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt to assess bacterial community structure and function changes in rhizosphere soil from Meloidogyne incognita-infected tobacco plants. We studied the rhizosphere bacterial community structure of M. incognita-infected and uninfected tobacco plants through a paired comparison design in two regions of tobacco planting area, Yuxi and Jiuxiang of Yunnan Province, southwest China. According to the findings, M. incognita infection can alter the bacterial population in the soil. Uninfested soil has more operational taxonomic unit numbers and richness than infested soil. Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed clear separations between bacterial communities from infested and uninfested soil, indicating that different infection conditions resulted in significantly different bacterial community structures in soils. Firmicutes was prevalent in infested soil, but Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were prevalent in uninfested soil. Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Bradyrhizobium were the dominant bacteria genera, and their abundance were higher in infested soil. By PICRUSt analysis, some metabolism-related functions and signal transduction functions of the rhizosphere bacterial community in the M. incognita infection-tobacco plants had a higher relative abundance than those uninfected. As a result, rhizosphere soils from tobacco plants infected with M. incognita showed considerable bacterial community structure and function alterations.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.286-294
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• 2001

1999년부터 2001년까지 전국42개 지역에서 토양전염성 맥류바이러스를 조사한 결과 강원도 영월, 전라북도 무주, 충청남도 공주, 보령, 서천 포장을 제외한 37개 포장에서 BaYMV, BaMMV 및 SbWMV가 발생하고 있었다. 또한 토양전염성 맥류바이러스 상습 발병지 10개 장소에 겉보리 10품종, 쌀보리 16품종, 맥주보리 6품종, 밀 2품종을 파종하고 저항성 조사를 실시한 결과 겉보리는 조강보리, 쌀보리는 내한쌀보리 및 논산과1-6품종이 비교적 여러지역에서 저항성 높은 품종으로 나타났다. 그리고 일본에서 분양 받은 15품종도 대부분이병성으로 나타났으나 특이하게 익산, 영광 및 예산지역에서 저항성 품종이 많았다. 지역간 품종에 따른 바이러스 혼합 감염을 조사한 결과 조사 10개 지역 모두 BaYMV, 및 BaMMV가 혼합 감염되어 있었고, BbWMV는 예산, 진주, 나주 및 익산지역에 혼합감염되어 있었다. 그러나 영광지역에서는 사천6호 품종을 제외하곤 BaYMV만이 발생하였다. 일본 분양 품종은 예산에서만 BaYMV가 감염되었고 나머지 지역에서 모두 BaMMV 및 BaYMV에 혼합 감염되 어 있었다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.268-271
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• 2004

작약검은뿌리썩음병은 연작을 할 경우 현저히 발생이 증가하였으며, 태백작약 품종에 비해 의성작약 품종에서 좀 더 심한 발병을 보였다. 종구로 사용하는 뇌두를 약제에 침지시 병원균은 검출되지 않았으나 물에만 침지한 경우 병원균이 검출되었다. 연작지의 토양개량시 검은뿌리썩음병의 방제는 효과가 없었으나 다조메입제로 토양을 훈증소독할 경우 토양훈증처리구에서 주근중과 근장이 단순연작구와 비교하여 50% 정도 증가하였으며 검은뿌리썩음병의 발병율은 무처리구의 경우 40.6% 정도 발병되었으나 토양훈증처리구는 4.7% 정도로 발병되어 아주 높은 방제효과를 보였으며 종구소독과 훈증처리를 병행시 발병율은 더욱 낮아졌다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2004

오이녹반모자이크바이러스(CGMMV)가 오염된 포장에서 이 바이러스병의 토양전염율은 0.2∼3.5％였다. 경작지 토양과 같이 습도가 적당히 유지된 토양에서 CGMMV의 생물활성 지속기간은 17개월 후에는 바이러스의 활성이 손실되었으나, 담수 토양에서는 33개월 이상 이 바이러스의 생물활성이 유지되었다. CGMMV의 토양전염을 억제하기 위하여 정식직전 수박 묘의 뿌리를 10％ 탈지분유액에 침지하여 정식한 처리구에서는 이 바이러스병이 발병되지 않았으나, 무처리구에서는 5.0∼7.6％가 발병되었다. 탈지분유액을 처리한 뿌리를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 뿌리 주위로 얇은 막이 형성되어져 있었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2012

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is highly infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, particularly cattle, sheep, pigs and goats. Last outbreak reported in November, 2010 induced the enormous social and economical impacts. Culling of infected animals, movement control, and vaccination are the major control measures of FMD. The aim of this study was to detection foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in the soil and leachate from modeling burial for pig carcass as measured by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). FMDV and Coxsakievirus B1 (CVB1) were detected in soil by week 16 and Coxsakievirus B1 (CVB1) by weeks 12, respectively. FMDV and CVB1 also detected by weeks 8 in the leachate. Results from this study provides an evidence that FMDV could be inactivated for safe of pig carcasses infected with FMDV within 4 month in the carcass burial site.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1977

포장(圃場)에서 키다리병(病)에 걸린 줄기와 종자(種子)로 부터 얻은 자낭각이 어느 종류(種類)의 Gibberella에 존재(存在)하며, 수확후(收穫後)에 얻은 자낭각의 생존(生存)여부를 조사(調査)하기 위하여 처리한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 종자소독(種子消毒)을 하지 않은 포장(圃場)에서 키다리병(病)의 이병율(罹病率)은 평균(平均) 12%이었다. 2. 수확전(收穫前)에 얻은 자낭각은 키다리병의 자낭각이 적미병의 자낭각보다 많았으나 종자(種子)나 봄에 채집한 자낭각은 거의 적미병에 있었다. 3. 키다리병에 이병된 벼에서 채종한 종자(種子)에서 키다리병, 적미병, Ophiobolus sp.는 10, 25, 8%로 나타났으며 이병(罹病)된 줄기로부터 얻은 포자(胞子)로 접종(接種)한 종자(種子)에서는 3, 10, 2%로 나타났다. 4. 적미병자낭각을 야외 땅속 실내 집눌속에 놓고 5개월이 지난다음 생존(生存)여부를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 야외에 놓은 것만 발아하지 않았다.