• 한국사회복지학
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• 제48권
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• pp.7-41
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• 2002

This paper analyses the proposals contained in the British Government Green Paper, A New Contract for Welfare: Partnership in Pensions for low paid workers and the potential of the new rules to guarantee a decent income in old age. The UK pension system is a partnership between the State(providing the basic state pension and the SERPS), employers(providing occupational pension scheme) and private pension providers(providing personal pensions). Although the system needs to change, this partnership remains the right foundation. However, the pension Green Paper proposes substantial changes to second tier pension provision in the UK. In particular, the Government plans to replace the SERPS with a new State Second Pension. According to the Green Paper, this will result in "dramatically better pension provision for those earning less than ${\pounds}9,000$ a year" and through increased payments to private pension schemes, will also provide "extra help to those on middle incomes(${\pounds}9,000-{\pounds}18,500$ a year). Therefore, it discusses the general principles inherent in the design of the British pension system and analyses the balance of these principles is represented in the Green Paper. The paper then examines how the Government's proposals protect individuals from a means-tested old age. This paper finds that the Green paper's proposals add up to reinventing a new two-stage basic pension. However, two key features of a such a basic pension package are missing- an 'adequate' level of payment and comprehensive entitlement. Because of these missing principles we argue that the Green Paper's proposals incorporate for the low paid. The income from the basic pension and the secondary pension which is so near the means-tested minimum that little is gained in retirement from a lifetime of work and contribution. Indeed, the shift away from collective provision and the emphasis on individual responsibility will reinforce this inequality, so that many poor will continue to experience poverty in later life.

• 인문언어
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• 제5권
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• pp.167-192
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• 2003

When Hart Crane′s poem cycle The Bridge was published in 1930, a group of influential reviewers accused Crane of immaturity, sentimentality, and lack of focus. They condemned crane′s wayward, fuzzy mysticism as backwards-looking and self-defeating. Even sympathetic critics, such as Harold Bloom, have consistently portrayed Crane′s poetry as the pyrotechnic final fizzle of late romanticism. These persistent, public reservations, however, have not prevented an impressive proliferation in secondary literature concerning Crane since the late 1960s. His promiscuity, alcoholism, erratic behavior, relative poverty, tragic death, and total commitment to art have since earned him the labels of New World Rimbaud and proto-Beat. His colorful career thus explains in part his retrospective fame. Nevertheless, living hard and dying young do not guarantee artistic immortality. This article poses questions as to why Crane has mattered so much to subsequent generations of U.S. readers and what these readers find so compelling in his poetry. The answer, I would argue, lies in Crane′s idiosyncratic use of language. Far from striving for transparency, he writes in an inimitably obstructive, artificial manner. There is something seductive and absurd in his wild use of words here, I would further argue, we discover the reason behind both Crane′s enduring appeal and his supposed inadequacy as a writer. Crane did "torture" syntax, semantics, and conventional associations, not because he saw his unusual language as an eccentric mannerism but because he saw it as a tool in the service of constructing a "myth of America" and reintegrating the human and divine. Understanding thy he considered this to be the case clarifies Crane′s achievement and illuminates why his work still seems so relevant today.

• 지역연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2021

연구는 근로빈곤층과 근로비빈곤층의 차별적 소득 궤적을 잠재성장모형을 이용하여 실증하고, 이를 인구·사회학적 요인(결혼, 교육수준)과 지역적 요인(대도시 거주)으로 설명하고자 한다. 『한국노동패널조사』 12~21차(2009~2018년) 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과에 따르면, 이차함수형 궤적으로 추정한 근로빈곤층과 근로비빈곤층의 소득은 통계적으로 유의한 집단 간 차이를 보였다. 2009년에서 2016년까지 근로빈곤층의 소득이 근로비빈곤층에 비해 빠르게 증가하면서 격차가 완화되었지만, 이후 근로빈곤층의 소득이 정체되면서 다시 격차가 심화되었다. 소득 궤적(시작점의 소득 수준과 증가율)에 결혼, 교육수준, 대도시 거주가 미친 영향은 집단 간 차이를 보였는데, 이 요인들은 근로빈곤층의 궤적을 더욱 잘 설명하고 있다. 결과에서 특히 주목할 점은 근로빈곤층의 소득변화율과 대도시 거주 여부의 정(+)적 연관성으로, 대도시에 거주하는 것이 근로빈곤층에 경제적 프리미엄으로 작용할 가능성을 시사한다. 향후 근로빈곤층의 도시 프리미엄과 관련한 후속 연구가 수행될 필요성을 제기한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.675-687
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• 2004

This study is designed to assess the prevalence at risk of malnutrition according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and evaluate the factors influencing on the nutritional risk of the elderly. Three hundred and nine elderly (110 men and 199 women: mean age =74.1) who participated in meal service in the Chung-buk province were investigated. Mean MNA total score was 21.9 and women had significantly lower MNA scores than men (respectively, 21.5 and 22.8). In the mean time mean MNA-SF (Short Form) score was 10.7, respectively 10.6 for the women and 11.0 for the men, with the difference being statistically significant. The MNA classified 33% of the elderly as well-nourished, 61.7% as at risk of malnutrition and 5.3% as overt malnourished. However, MNA-SF categorized the examinees 40.2% as good and 59.8% at nutritional risk. Those who identified as malnourished elderly had significantly lower mean BMI, mid-arm and calf circumference, poorer functional abilities (ADL, IADL) , lower MAR and food habits scores, and higher number of nutrient $\leq$ 75% of RDA than those with at risk of malnutrition and well nourished. Also socioeconomic status such as educational level, self-rated economic status, poverty level, and marital status significantly influenced nutritional status. Similar effect was observed in self-rated nutritional status and health status, dental status, appetite change according to MNA score. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that weight loss was the most predictive item in the total MNA and MNA-SF score. It was found that items such as mobility, living status (home vs institution) , mode of feeding, and pressure sores were inappropriate for assessment of the elderly who are able to participate meal service program. Also, some modifications of items in MNA are needed in order to apply to Korean elderly. Even though the MNA seems to be an useful tool to screen those old people at risk of malnourished, a lot of work is still to be done with this assessment tool to secure its reliability.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.323-327
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• 2008

The population of the elderly and elderly living alone goes on increasing. Most elderly does not want to move into another place out of their present living environment. So it is essential to know their living conditions for the quality of living, especially the aged living alone out of their children' care. Unfortunately there is scarcely any house designed for the aged, especially elderly living alone until now. So this study investigated the living environment of the elderly living alone in gunsan city. The ratio of the female aged living alone is about 3 times than the male but the male population is increasing. Most of them are troubled with more than a disease and use aids and feel the necessity of the others' help. The ratio of the absolute poverty among the elderly living alone is about 30%. The majority of them are almost 65-84 years old with living detached house. Most of them own their house. They living in detached house are of a mind to remodel bath/toilet first of all and they living in apartment or row houses have a intention of remodeling an air conditioner and paper walls and ceiling and flooring of all things in house. As the bath and restroom have been pointed as a dangerous space for elderly, the elderly living alone pointed out them as to be remodeled. It seemed the air conditioner in house do not work well in view of their poor economic condition. For the elderly It is needed economic and institutional supports of private organization or government.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.713-727
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• 2021

본고는 1950-2010년대 한국영화를 대상으로 광화문과 주변지역이 영화적 공간에서 어떤 의미작용을 하는지를 고찰하고자 한다. 첫째, 1950-1960년대 한국영화에서 명동(남촌)과 북촌·서촌·동촌은 강렬한 욕망과 치명적 좌절, 근대화의 그림자와 갈등을 통해서, 화려한 도시의 지하세계와 비극적 파토스를 보여주는 원초적·지각·실존 공간이다. 둘째, 1970-1990년대 한국영화에서 명동·종로(남촌·북촌)와 서촌·동촌은 자유/악의 이분법과 부/빈곤의 이분법을 통해서 공적 복수와 사적 소외를 보여주는 지각·실존 공간이다. 셋째, 2000-2010년대 한국영화에서 광화문(서촌)과 북촌·남촌·동촌은 국민의제와 저항운동, 욕망과 상실, 비참한 현실과 죽음을 통해 시민사회 에토스와 암울한 진혼곡을 보여주는 지각·실존 공간이다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2014

This study included empirical methods of study such as surveys and interviews with military hospital administrators from 14 military hospitals across the country. The results of the study is described below. First, results by demographic characteristics show that higher level of organizational commitment was found in males than females and in singles than married couples. Also, by organizational units, major units of military hospitals showed higher level of organizational commitment as well as job satisfaction. Second, Fair compensation had positive(+) effects on the study participants' job satisfaction and organizational commitment as the research hypothesized. Compensation included monetary and social benefits for the work performed. A transparent compensation system to reward members that performed the best for the department and the corps with appropriate amounts must be in place. Third, the organization culture of being considerate had positive(+) effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment while the culture of giving commands had negative(-) effects. Fourth, Conflict factors had negative(-) effects on job satisfaction with no direct effect on organizational commitment. Any organization must take measures when adverse effects of conflicts surface. As shown by the analysis results, conflict factors bring negative results to job satisfaction and organizational commitments. Department managers should utilize the proper function of conflicts as an accelerator in organization operation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2016

본 연구는 기업이 참여하는 창업지원사업의 성과를 저소득층 지원대상자의 관점에서 평가한 것이다. 본 연구는 기업이 참여하는 창업지원사업 가운데 대표적인 사례로 볼 수 있는 현대자동차그룹의 기프트카 캠페인을 분석하였다. 이 창업지원사업의 성과를 질적 평가 방법으로 분석한 결과, 지원 대상자들은 '책임감을 갖고 열심히 일함', '미래가 있는 삶이 현실로!', "나'와 '나'를 둘러싼 관계의 변화' 등의 경제적 비경제적 성과를 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 성과의 본질은 "다름'의 경험', '저소득층의 삶에 숨결과 희망을 투입'하는 것으로 정리될 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 밝혀진 성과는 기업 창업지원사업의 가치와 의미를 재확인시켰고, 빈곤과 자립이라는 사회문제 해결에서 기업이 담당해야 할 중요한 몫이 갖는 중요성 또한 입증하였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2017

이 연구는 빈곤층 노인의 미충족 의료에 영향을 미치는 융합 요인들을 규명하고자 하였다. 분석자료는 2011년 한국의료패널이며 Anderson모형에 기초하여 각 요인에 속하는 변수들을 선정하였고 빈도분석을 통해 일반적 특성을, 교차분석을 통해 변수간의 연관성을 검정하였다. 마지막으로 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 미충족 의료에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 빈곤층 노인이 미충족 의료를 경험할 가능성이 소인성 요인에서는 무학 및 초등학교 졸업 노인이 고졸이상 학력의 노인보다 약 1.5배 이상 높았다. 가능성 요인에서는 수입목적으로 일하지 않은 노인과 고용주 자영업자 노인이 무급가족종사자보다 1.5배 이상 높으며, 필요요인에서는 일상 활동에 제한을 받는 노인이 그렇지 않은 노인보다 2.9배 높았다. 이 연구의 결과를 통해 빈곤층 노인의 의료 이용시 경제적 부담 증가가 빈곤층 노인의 미충족 의료를 발생시킬 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

한국의 가족구조가 변화하면서 21세기 한부모가족은 그 형태에 있어서 다양성을 갖고 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 저출산 고령화 사회에서의 한부모가족은 연령과 원인을 넘어서 전반적으로 증가하고 있으나 함의하고 있는 젠더성에 대해서 구체적인 분석과 정책마련이 아직도 미흡한 실정이다. 정부의 한부모가족지원사업이 가족의 다양성을 모색하고 사회공동체의 일원으로 모든 가족의 기능을 원활히 하는 것을 목적으로 한다면 젠더분석을 통하여 한부모 가족의 대다수를 차지하는 여성가구주의 탈빈곤을 모색하는 적극적인 지원이 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 통계와 문헌분석을 통하여 여성한부모와 남성한부모의 특수성을 구분하여 제시하였으며 이에 따른 구체적인 대안을 제안하였다. 무엇보다 한부모가족 정책은 탈빈곤 및 아동정책과 연계를 갖고 진행되어야 하며 성인지 정책으로서의 정체성을 명확하게 해야 할 것이다.