• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.74-83
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to extract information of lower body type's classification on pre-school children. To this end, 325 younger children living in the capital area and aged from 4 to 6 were sampled to be subject to the measurement of their somatotypes. The results are as follows. 1. The changes in the physical types of pre-school children, as they growing older, show the following tow peculiarities, first, in terms of vertical change, the height grows so rapidly that the proportion of the lower part of the body gets longer. And second, in terms of horizontal change, their growth is more distinctive in the width and the girth than in the thickness, which transforms their body into more or loss a dumpy form. 2. The analysis of the lower body of pre-school children allows us to distinguish two types of group. The first type has a smaller body, short in every part of body, which represents the body of four year-old children. On the contrary, the second type show much bigger body, especially the lower part of the body having a longer proportion, and it represents the body of six year-old children. the physical type and the gender have no relation, which means that we cna fidn both male and female children uniformly in both types.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is presented playground space for early childhood facilities. Describes whether any development of children, and how to respond in accordance with each of the activities. The infants and toddlers life cycle is a continuation of play. Toddlers to play is the essence of life itself, through play, the world embracing and digestive, raising ideas and emotions expressed through play. It is time that paves the growth of infants age children. And equipped with personality, values, emotions, attitudes, play a very important role in this process. Play it delivers, it can not learning education. Sympathetic and experience through play, and be equipped to allow the personality, social, physical. So, we have an obligation required to provide adequate facilities and play so that children can grow properly. In this paper, from the limited play space and is listed on the importance alive to give the children a sense of space to get the sympathetic. And, analysis shown about affect for children each play, and space. In this paper, we performed a study is Performed a case studies of and domestic kindergarten and foreign kindergarten where the differences between the various lists and how to derive a plan for solving the problem by comparison and analysis were performed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.822-836
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify latent classes of behavioral problem trajectories in children with allergic diseases and investigate their predictors. Methods: This study used data from the 5th to 7th Panel Study of Korean Children. The participants included 840 children aged 4~6 years with allergic diseases. Statistical analyses were conducted using latent class growth analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Results: The trajectories of both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in children with allergic diseases were classified into five groups, that is deteriorative, recovering, changing 1 (decreasing-increasing), changing 2 (increasing-decreasing), and low state persistent group. For the internalizing behavioral problems, predictors were temperament, father's education, family interaction, and disconnection in peer interaction. For the externalizing behavioral problems, predictors child's gender, temperament, marital conflict, parenting stress, family interaction, and parenting environment. Conclusion: Deteriorative group has high-risk behavioral problems in children with allergic diseases. We suggest to provide interventions considering latent problem trajectories based on ecological environments for allergic children.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2023

Purpose: Hematuria and proteinuria have various causes and consequential outcomes in children. Immunosuppressants are needed in some children with biopsy-proven glomerulonephropathy but have many adverse effects. Since the clinical practice patterns of Korean pediatric nephrologists are diverse, we surveyed their opinions. Methods: Using a clinical vignette, the survey was emailed to all Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology members. The questionnaires included diagnosis, examination, medications, and dietary recommendations for patients with hematuria and proteinuria. Results: A total of 32 clinicians (5.48%, 22 pediatric certificated nephrologists) responded to the survey. Most responders (87.5%) suspected immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and 68.8% replied that kidney biopsies were a diagnostic tool. Renin-angiotensin system inhibition (62.5%) or steroids (18.8%) were selected as the treatment. Salt and protein intakes were usually encouraged as dietary reference intakes (34.4% and 65.6%, respectively). Conclusions: Children with abnormal urinalysis have various causes, treatments, and prognoses. As treatments such as immunosuppressants can have many adverse effects, it is necessary to confirm an accurate diagnosis and indications of treatments before starting the treatment. Recommendations for a diet should not hinder growth.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.93-112
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• 2024

Despite a continuous decline in birth rate, children's clothing market is growing, driven by consumption trends of MZ generation parents who are willing to invest generously in their only child. Therefore, this study aimed to: 1) analyze changes in children's clothing market; 2) ascertain preferences and consumption patterns of MZ generation parents towards children's textile designs through surveys; and 3) develop textile designs targeting MZ generation parents based on these research findings. This study involved processes of literature review, market research, and design development. Survey results indicated that 'patterns and prints' were the most critical factor when purchasing children's clothing. The design process reflected survey and literature review findings, starting from idea conception to motif setting, pattern development, colorway, and simulation checks for final application suitability. Designs were executed using CAD programs centered around the main theme 'Enchanted Tea Party' and five sub-themes. This research was significant as it conducted surveys known to be challenging for corporations, thereby capturing the essence of MZ generation parents' preferences through the design process. This will provide essential information for establishing children's clothing design and marketing strategies, contributing to sustained growth of the market and enhancing the competitiveness of children's clothing brands.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.872-879
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• 2010

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a frequent disease for which optimal diagnostic methods are still being defined. Treatment of OSA in children should include providing space, improving craniofacial growth, resolving all symptoms, and preventing the development of the disease in the adult years. Adenotonsillectomy (T&A) has been the treatment of choice and thought to solve young patient's OSA problem, which is not the case for most adults. Recent reports showed success rates that vary from 27.2% to 82.9%. Children snoring regularly generally have a narrow maxilla compared to children who do not snore. The impairment of nasal breathing with increased nasal resistance has a well-documented negative impact on early childhood maxilla-mandibular development, making the upper airway smaller and might lead to adult OSA. Surgery in young children should be performed as early as possible to prevent the resulting morphologic changes and neurobehavioral, cardiovascular, endocrine, and metabolic complications. Close postoperative follow-up to monitor for residual disease is equally important. As the proportion of obese children has been increasing recently, parents should be informed about the weight gain after T&A. Multidisciplinary evaluation of the anatomic abnormalities in children with OSA leads to better overall treatment outcome.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.310-315
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• 2009

Current improvements on the standard of living reduced working hours and increased leisure time. Therefore, people's ideas on life style changed and different demands on residential environment are being made. Residents of apartment want a community facility that enables constant exchange with other residents and supports living. Ideas on how to use physical space to strengthen a community is becoming an issue these days. Community facility plays a crucial role in giving a certain characteristic to the whole apartment and improving the image as a community. It also provides a physical environment and induces active participation of community life from apartment residents. The community facility in an important environment for children, which helps them develop in growth and in society as well. Community facility is a space where children fulfill their curiosity and amusement. Since children are greatly influenced by the physical surroundings, community facility for children should not remain as a space for fun but should change into a space for interaction. This study chose six apartments at Dongtan New Town, located in Hwaseong, Kyunggido. This study focuses on the characteristics of design for children's community facility and would like to make a proposal about future space planning for children's community facility.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.677-683
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• 2023

The purpose of the study was to estimate the trajectories of elementary school adjustment in grades 1 through 4. For the purpose, the Korean Children's Panel data were analyzed using potential growth model and the growth mixture model. As the result, the linear model was selected as the optimal model. The four potential groups were derived as trajectories: high-level maintenance, low-level maintenance, low-level increase, and high-level decrease. In terms of group distribution, the most children were in high-level maintenance group and then low-level maintenance, low-level increase, and high-level decrease in order. Based on the findings that trajectories of elementary school adjustment changes as children growth, we suggest that schools and families need to carefully investigate and support their school adjustment in individual levels.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.106-115
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• 2010

This study's purpose is to, first survey the traditional children clothing, clothing which doesn't get studied mostly. Second, to choose the factor that can modernize. Third, to design the present one-piece dress. Fourth, to gather an understanding about traditional children clothing and make a chance for children to wear the clothing that has a traditional factor. Traditional children clothes have a same shape with adults' clothes they use five primary color and use a pattern of a symbolic meaning which means healthy and long life. For ordinary wears there are Chimajogori and Bajijogori and for ceremonial dresses they wore Durumagi, Sagyusam which are Po and Dangui and headdress was added. The shape was considered by the children growth condition so the Gorum got longer. The dragon, cicadas, butterfly, phoenix and lots of flower pattern was used by the difference with the class. 5 one-piece design adapted Jogori, skirt, Dangui, Sagyusam, Magoja and used the traditional fabric by mixing the five primary color and the five secondary color was used to make traditional color. This study expects for a chance of children to wear traditional Hanbok or Hanbok-adapted clothes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.407-418
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• 2012

Many displaced North Koreans (NK) are living in South Korea (SK); however nutrition research with the displaced NK is limited. This study examined food and nutrient consumption status of displaced NK children (6-18 year-old) currently living in SK. A total of 154 children were recruited, and a pre-tested dietary behavior questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hr recall method were used. Sex- and age-matched SK children (n = 462) randomly selected from 2009-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used as the comparison group. This study found that more NK children skipped breakfast (37%) and dinner (11%), and ate breakfast (38.8%) and dinner (18.2%) without family members than SK children. Many NK children reported that they rarely ate bread, rice cake, hamburger, pizza, fried food, candy. NK children consumed significantly less energy and nutrients (except calcium) and obtained more energy from fat and protein than SK children. Overall index of nutrient quality in NK children, however, was generally good. Length of stay in SK and breakfast skipping rates were significantly associated with lower diet quality. Therefore, nutrition education with displaced NK children should target those who recently came to SK. How to incorporate "new" foods, generally high in energy, sugar, or fat, in healthy ways and importance of breakfast should be emphasized. The growth patterns of the displaced NK children who were born and raised in food-deprived environments and will grow in food-affluent environments of SK should be monitored for health promotion of the NK children and for nutrition policy of the future united Korea.