Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Food and Nutrient Consumption Status between Displaced North Korean Children in South Korea and South Korean Children

한국 거주 북한이탈 어린이와 남한 어린이의 식품 및 영양소 섭취 현황 비교

  • 이수경 (인하대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 남소영 (인하대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2012.06.22
  • Accepted : 2012.08.09
  • Published : 2012.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Many displaced North Koreans (NK) are living in South Korea (SK); however nutrition research with the displaced NK is limited. This study examined food and nutrient consumption status of displaced NK children (6-18 year-old) currently living in SK. A total of 154 children were recruited, and a pre-tested dietary behavior questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hr recall method were used. Sex- and age-matched SK children (n = 462) randomly selected from 2009-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used as the comparison group. This study found that more NK children skipped breakfast (37%) and dinner (11%), and ate breakfast (38.8%) and dinner (18.2%) without family members than SK children. Many NK children reported that they rarely ate bread, rice cake, hamburger, pizza, fried food, candy. NK children consumed significantly less energy and nutrients (except calcium) and obtained more energy from fat and protein than SK children. Overall index of nutrient quality in NK children, however, was generally good. Length of stay in SK and breakfast skipping rates were significantly associated with lower diet quality. Therefore, nutrition education with displaced NK children should target those who recently came to SK. How to incorporate "new" foods, generally high in energy, sugar, or fat, in healthy ways and importance of breakfast should be emphasized. The growth patterns of the displaced NK children who were born and raised in food-deprived environments and will grow in food-affluent environments of SK should be monitored for health promotion of the NK children and for nutrition policy of the future united Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. Barker DJP (1992): Fetal and infant origins of adult disease. British Medical Journal Publishing, London
  2. Barker DJP (1994): Mothers, babies, and diseases in later life. British Medical Journal Publishing, London
  3. Beardsworth A, Keil T (1997): Sociology on the menu. Routledge London
  4. Chang N, Jo D, Hwang J, Kang E (1998): Assessment of health and nutritional status of North Koreans utilizing an exhaustive literature search and survey. Korean J Nutr 31(8): 1338-1346
  5. Chang N, Kang EY, Lee JM, Lee MK (2000a): Anthropometric measurements and dietary patterns of North Korean migrant children in China. Korean J Nutr 33(3): 324-331
  6. Chang N, Hwang JY (2000b): Food shortage, nutritional deprivation, and reduced body size in North Korean defectors. Korean J Nutr 33(5): 540-547
  7. Choi SK, Park SM, Jung H (2010): Still life with less: North Korean young adult defectors in South Korea show continued poor nutrition and physique. Nutr Res Pract 4(2): 136-141 https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2010.4.2.136
  8. Choue RW, Hong JY, Yim JE (1997): The changes of dietary intakes in the defectors from North Korea. Korean J Community Nutr 2(4): 470-476
  9. DPRK Central Bureau of Statistics (2002): Report on the DPRK nutrition assessment, 2002. Available from http://www.unicef.org/ dprk/resources_254.html [cited 2012 June 15]
  10. DPRK Central Bureau of Statistics (2005): DPRK 2004 nutrition assessment Report of survey results. Available from http:// www.unicef.org/dprk/resources_254.html [cited 2012 June 15]
  11. FAO, WFP (2011): FAO/WFP crop and food security assessment mission to the democratic peopleís republic of Korea. Available from http://www.wfp.org/content/dpr-korea-faowfp-crop-and-foodsecurity- assessment-november-2011 [cited 2012 June 15]
  12. Gibson RS (1990): Principles of nutritional assessment. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford
  13. Gluckman P, Hanson M (2006): Developmental origins of health and disease. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  14. Hoffman DJ, Sawaya AL, Verreschi I, Tucker KL, Roberts SB (2000): Why are nutritionally stunted children at increased risk of obesity? Studies of metabolic rate and fat oxidation in shantytown children from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Am J Clin Nutr 72(3): 702-707 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.3.702
  15. Hwang JY, Chang N (2001): Dietary patterns and nutrient intake in North Koreans by utilizing literature search and survey. Korean J Community Nutr 6(3): 371-379
  16. Kim SG (2011): Physical health status of North Korean migrants in South Korea. 2011 International Conference on the Health of North Korean Migrants, pp.97-118
  17. Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention & The Korean Pediatric Society (2007): 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Available from www.cdc.go.kr [cited 2012 June 15]
  18. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009): The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-3), 2009
  19. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010): The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1), 2010
  20. Lee SK, Sobal J, Frongillo EA (1999): Acculturation, Food Consumption, and Diet-related factors among Korean Americans. J Nutr Educ 31(6): 321-330 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3182(99)70485-1
  21. Lee SK, Sobal J, Frongillo EA (2000): Acculturation and Health in Korean Americans. Soc Sci & Med 51(2): 159-173 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00446-3
  22. Lee SK (2003): Dietary acculturation in Korean Americans. J Community Nutr 5(4): 246-253
  23. Ministry of Unification (2012): 2012 Unification white paper. Available from http://www.unikorean.go.kr [cited 2012 June 04] Ministry of Unification (2012): The statistic of displaced North Korean. Available from http://www.unikorean.go.kr [cited 2012 June 04]
  24. North Korea Central Bureau of Statistics & UNICEF. Demographic Peopleís Republic of Korea: Multiple indicator cluster survey, 2009. Poyngyang, DPR Korea, 2010
  25. Park YS, Rhee KC, Lee KY, Rhee EY, Yi SH, Kim DN, Choi YS (1997): A glance at the health status and food intake of North Koreans. Korean J Community Nutr 2(3): 396-405
  26. Park YS, Rhee KC, Lee KY, Rhee EY, Yi SH, Kim DN, Choi YS, Seok D (1999): Dietary living in North Korea according to the defectors. Korean J Community Nutr 4(1): 64-73
  27. Satia-Abouta J, Patterson RE, Neuhouser ML, Elder J (2002): Dietary acculturation: applications to nutrition research and dietetics. J Am Diet Assoc 102(8): 1105-1118 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90247-6
  28. Shim JE (2011): Dietary quality of future Korea after reunification. In: Quality improvement of family life quality improvement of North Koreans in reunited Korea. Conference proceeding, Incheon, Korea, pp. 15-30
  29. Shim JE, Yoon J, Jeong SY, Park M, Lee YS (2007): Status of early childhood and maternal nutrition in South Korea and North Korea. Korean J Community Nutr 12(2): 123-132
  30. The Korean Nutrition Society (2010): Dietary reference intakes for Koreans, The Korean Nutrition Society. Seoul, pp. 33-43
  31. Yeoh YJ, Yoon JH, Shim JE (2009): Relation of breakfast intake to diet quality in Korean school-aged children: analysis of the data from the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Korean J Community Nutr 14(1): 1-11

Cited by

  1. Growth retardation at early life and metabolic adaptation among North Korean children vol.6, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1017/s204017441500118x
  2. 예비 가정과교사를 위한 통일대비 가정생활문화교육 프로그램의 개발과 평가 vol.29, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.19031/jkheea.2017.03.29.1.125
  3. 중학생을 위한 통일대비 가정생활문화교육 프로그램 개발과 평가 vol.29, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.19031/jkheea.2017.09.29.3.105
  4. Growth and Nutritional Status of Children in North Korean Refugee Families vol.24, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.21896/jksmch.2020.24.2.96
  5. Double burden of malnutrition and obesity in children and adolescents from North Korean refugee families vol.15, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241963