• Title/Summary/Keyword: gamma-Aminobutyric acid

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Continuous Production of γ-aminobutyric Acid by Immobilization of Lactobacillus brevis (Lactobacillus brevis의 고정화 균체에 의한 γ-aminobutyric acid의 연속 생산)

  • 류병호;전재호
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.167-173
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    • 2004
  • The optimal conditions for the continuous production of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid by immobilization of Lactobacillus brevis BH-21 using column type reactor were investigated. The optimal conditions of operation were 2.2 mm diameter bead of 3.0% sodium alginate at 10 mL/h of substrate feeding rate. Continuous production by immobililzed cells showed the highest productivity with replacement of fresh medium in every 48h for fourth fermentatoin cycle following the rendition of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid productivity. A productivity of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid could be obtained for 25 days by continuous column type reactor under optimal conditions.

Analysis of $\gamma$-Aminobutyric acid Concentrations in Korean Plants and Mushrooms (국내산 자원 식물 및 버석류에서 $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid의 함량 분석)

  • 김효정;김현정;전방실;차재영;김현경;조영수
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.537-542
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    • 2001
  • The concentrations of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid in some Korean plants and mushrooms were investigated. ${\gamma}$-amino-butyric acid concentrations in Morus alba leaves, Cudrania tricuspidate leaves and fruits were 134.03, 104.13 and 120.99 mg/100g dry matter basis, respectively, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid concentrations in Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and Auricularia auricula were 93.44, 72.17 and 66.48 mg/100g dry matter basis. respectivley.

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Study on the Identification and Contents of New Amino Acid in Edible Mushrooms (식용(食用)버섯중(中)의 새로운 아미노산(酸)의 구명(究明))

  • Ro, Ihl-Hyeob
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.31-41
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    • 1979
  • Free amino acid in ethanol extracts and total amino acids in hydrolysates of eleven species of edible mushrooms were analyzed and determinated the contents five kind of new amino acid by means of amino acid autoanalyzer and gas liquid chromatography. The result obtained from this study are as follows. 1) Five kind of new amino acid turned out to be ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid, allo-isoleucine, ethanolamine, $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid and ornithine. 2) By means of amino acid autoanalyzer, the monoethanolamine was identified on the chromatogram ahead of alanine, ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid between peak of threonine and glycine, allo-isoeleucine between peak of valine and leucine, isoleucine, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid followed by proline between peak of leucine, isoleucine and methionine and ornithine between peak of phenylalanine and tyrosine 3) By means of Gas liquid chromatography, the ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid was identified on the chromatogram between peaks of alanine and valine, allo-isoleucine between peaks of methionine and isoleucine, monoethanolamine followed by ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid between peaks of phenylalanine and ammonia, ornithine between the peaks of ammonia and lysine. 4) Of five amino acids which were identified, ornithine was the highest of its content in the mushroom extracts, and allo-isoleucine, ethanolamine, and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid came next in decreasing order. 5) Also which were identified, ornithine was the highest of its content in the hydrolysates, and ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid, allo-isoleucine came next in decreasing order, ethanol extracts and hydrolysates of Auriculariaauricula-Judae(Fr.) $Qu\acute{e}l$ species didn't contain any of five kind of new amino acid. Ornithine also was the highest in the hydrolysates of ll mushrooms.

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The Relations Between Antihypertensive Effect and ${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ acid, Mycelial Weight and Pigment of Monascus (홍국의 혈압강하효과와 ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid, 균체량 및 색도의 영향)

  • Rhyu, Mee-Ra;Kim, Eun-Young
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.737-740
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    • 2002
  • To determine the relations between antihypertensive effect and ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid, mycelial weight and pigment of Monascus, ethanol koji extracts were prepared from Monascus koji and each of three grade was classified based on ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid content, glucosamine content and hue angle value, respectively. Each extract was orally administrated on male spontaneously hypertensive rats and its antihypertensive effect was compared. Most of koji extracts showed antihypertensive activity regardless of their ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid content, glucosamine content or hue angle value. Therefore, hypotensive activity of koji extract was not dependent on above three components.

Structure and Stability of γ-Aminobutyric acid-(H2O)n (n = 0-5) Clusters: Zwitterionic vs. Canonical forms

  • Kim, Ju-Young;Schermann, Jean Pierre;Lee, Sung-Yul
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.59-63
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    • 2010
  • Calculations are presented for the $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid-$(H_2O)_n$ (n = 0-5) clusters in both canonical and zwitterionic forms. We examine the effects of microsolvation on the structures and transformation between the canonical and zwitterionic forms. The canonical forms are predicted to be more stable for n = 0-4. With five microsolvating water molecules, the two forms of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid become quasidegenerate, with the energies of zwitterionic forms slightly (by 1 - 3 kcal/mol) higher. The lowest energy zwitterionic conformer of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid-$(H_2O)_5$ cluster is calculated to isomerize to canonical form through a barrier-less proton transfer process and is thus predicted to be kinetically unstable. Therefore, we predict that the canonical conformers of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid should be observed predominantly in the gas phase at low temperature in presence of up to five water molecules.

Changes in ${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ Acid(GABA) and the Main Constituents by a Treatment Conditions and of Anaerobically Treated Green Tea Leaves (혐기처리 녹차의 처리조건에 따른 ${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ Acid(GABA) 및 주요 성분의 변화)

  • Chang, Ji-Shin;Lee, Byong-Soon;Kim, Young-Gul
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.315-319
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    • 1992
  • Korean green tea leaves which were harvested three times(May, June, August) were treated with anaerobic conditions and were measured changes of ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) and other constituents. In anaerobically treated green tea leaves, the content of ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) and alanine increased while glutamic acid decreased. Whereas theanine, arginine, caffeine and tannin showed little change and the content of vitamine C slightly decreased with the passing of the anaerobic treatment time. Formation of GABA, a hypotensive constituents, was proportioned to the content of glutamic acid and the optimum time of the anaerobic treatment was about 12 hours. In the anaerobic treatment of green tea leaves, effect of nitrogen gas and vacuum condition was no difference between two.

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Optimization of gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Bioconversion by Recombinant Escherichia coli (재조합 Escherichia coli를 이용한 gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 전환 반응 최적화)

  • Le Vo, Tam Dinh;Hong, Soon-Ho
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.127-130
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    • 2012
  • In this study, the effects of pH, temperature, IPTG concentration and substrate (MSG) concentration on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production in engineered Escherichia coli were investigated. Glutamate decarboxylase and glutamate/GABA antiporter were overexpressed in GABA aminotransferase knock-out strain for GABA production. The result of optimization study showed the GABA bioconversion was optimized at pH 3.5, $30^{\circ}C$, 0.5 mM IPTG, 10 g/L MSG. At this condition, 5.23 g/L of final GABA concentration of was achieved from 10 g/L of MSG, which corresponded to a GABA yield of 85.77%.

Betaine-γ-aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 (BGT-1/mGAT2) Interacts with the PDZ Domain of Munc-18 Interacting Proteins (Mints) (Betaine-γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (BGT-1/mGAT2)과 Munc-18-interacting (Mint) 단백질의 PDZ 결합)

  • Kim, Sang-Jin;Jeong, Young-Joo;Choi, Sun-Hee;Choi, Chun-Yeon;Jun, Hee-Jae;Moon, Il-Soo;Seog, Dae-Hyun;Jang, Won-Hee
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.9
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    • pp.1159-1165
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    • 2012
  • The action of neuronally released ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is terminated by uptake into the neurons by GABA transporters (GATs). The mechanism underlying the stabilization and regulation of GAT2 has not yet been elucidated. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with and, thereby, regulate betaine-${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (BGT-1/mGAT2). We found an interaction between BGT-1/mGAT2 and Munc-18-interacting proteins (Mints). The "T-H-L" motif at the C-terminal end of BGT-1/mGAT2 was essential for the interaction with Mint2 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Mint2 bound to the tail region of BGT-1/mGAT2, but not to other GAT members. When co-expressed in HEK-293T cells, Mint2 was co-immunoprecipitated with BGT-1/mGAT2. In addition, we demonstrated the cellular co-localization of BGT-1/mGAT2 and Mint2 in the cells. These results suggest that Mint2 contributes to the regulation of BGT-1/mGAT2.

Determination of ${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ Acid and Glutamic Acid in Rat Brain by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection (HPLC-ECD를 이용한 흰쥐의 뇌 중 감마 아미노부티르산 및 글루탐산의 정량)

  • 강종성;이순철
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.300-305
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    • 1999
  • A sensitive and efficient assay method was applied to determine the level of glutamic acid (GA) and ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) in frontal cortex and hippocampus of rat administrated with ethanol and drugs. The compounds were derivatized with ο-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and 2-mercaptoethanof for precolunm analysis. The condition for the simultaneous determination of GA, GABA and $\beta-aminobutyric$ acid (BABA) by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was reverse phase $C_{18}$ column as stationary phase, 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 0.1 mM $Na_4EDTA$ : methanol = 55:45 (v+v) pH 3.8 as mobile phase and 0.7V electrode voltage. The stability of reaction product of GA, GABA and BABA with OPA could be increased by adding the same volume of polyethylene glycol 400 to reaction mixture. The GABA level in frotal cortex of rat was significantly decreased by the administration of picrotoxin and diazepam, but it was significantly increased by the administration of red ginseng total saponin, N-methyl-D-glucamine and (-)-deprenyl.

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Effect of Anaerobic Treatment on Carbohydrate-Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities and Free Amino Acid Contents in Barley Malt

  • Yun, Song-Joong;Choi, Kyeong-Gu;Kim, Jin-Key
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.19-22
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    • 1998
  • Effects of acute anoxia on carbohydrate hydrolytic enzyme activities and free amino acid contents in malt were examined. Malts were prepared with barley grains germinated for 7 days which contained the highest levels of amylolytic and(1-3,1-4)-$\beta$-glucanase activities. $\alpha$-Amylase and $\beta$-amylase activities in malts were not significantly affected by anoxia for 5 or 10 h.(1-3,1-4)-$\beta$-Glucanase activity, however, decreased about 7 to 10% by anoxia for 5 or 10 h. Alanine and $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid content changed drastically. Alanine contents in malts increased by 2.2- and 2-fold, and $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid contents by 1.4- and 1.9-fold under anoxia for 5 and 10 h, respectively.

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