• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.221-232
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the CoRe-based density unit class on conceptual formation and on learner satisfaction with the class. For this study, two hundred and forty 8th grade students were chosen from six classes. The students were divided into two groups: an experimental group, which received a CoRe-based density unit lesson, and a control group, which was taught based on traditional teaching method. The CoRe-based density unit classes consisted of 4 periods based on the analysis of the previous studies on CoRe about density. The results showed the meaningful significant difference between the CoRe-based classes and the classes based on traditional teaching method both in the posttest on the extent of the conceptual formation on the density and in the retention test. The difference suggests that the lesson with CoRe is based on the consideration of the difficulties and limitations students face in various fields such as the students themselves, teachers, learning environment, evaluation, etc. during their learning process and even in the types of preconception they have, and the CoRe-based lesson is centered around the best teaching strategies to solve such difficulties. As a result of the analysis on the experimental group's class satisfaction, it is revealed that the students with a high level of attitudes related science or with a high level of science achievement showed especially high satisfaction in their learning. Analysis of questionnaire survey showed that the students in the experimental group got the opportunity through CoRe-based lesson to stretch their thoughts and ideas in a free way and preferred a teaching method which didn't just show the concept, but allowed them to find it for themselves or which let them predict the solution and then confirm the result on their own and a lesson which encouraged their active participation.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.18-29
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• 2022

This study proposes an evaluation item model for the avatar expression process, satisfaction and self-identification for each expression element in order to investigate the expression attributes on the influence on the user in setting the avatar. The evaluation of avatar expression method was composed of self-identification and satisfaction by ease of expression and expression elements on the avatar production and expression process. To evaluate the proposed evaluation model, 17 people participated in the experiment. As a result, it was found that most of the participants had a high level of understanding of the production process, and the more diverse the expression elements, the higher the satisfaction with the avatar expression process. Hair shape and face shape were the most important expression factors, and clothes and overall harmony was the most concerned facotrs. Most of them tried to express themselves as realistically as possible. However, in self-identification, there was no significant correlation between expression and production process. In this study identify the decision-making factors that appear in the avatar expression process, the direction in which satisfaction can be formed, and the factors that affect self-identification. In addition, it will be a basic study on how avatars have a lasting influence on users in the future.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of meridian acupressure for enhancement of post operative bowel movement to the patient with absolute bed rest who having surgery under general anesthesia. This study used a qusai experimental, nonequivalent control group post test only design. This subject were 44 patients, 22 for the experimental and 22 for the control group, who were admitted at KyungHee University hospital, neurosurgical unit A and B ward, assigned by matched sample by the name of operation who having microvascular decompression and laminectomy. Date were collected from May 1, 2001 to June 30, 2001 by auscultation, self report and by using 7 point face scale. The recovery of bowel sound were measured every 4 hours until gas out for 1 minute auscultation on lower abdomen after 4 hours having surgery. The time of gas out were measured by self report, the severity of nausea were measured every 4 hours for 7 point face scale and also the degree of satisfaction of nursing care were measured after 2 days having surgery with same scale. Data were analyzed with $X^2$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and ANOVA. The result of this study were as follows; 1. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed shorter time the recovery of bowel sound after having surgery than control group(t=-5.112, p=.0001). 2. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed shorter time of gas after having surgery than control group(t=-4.010, p=.0001) 3. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed decreased level of nausea score according to time interval than control group(F=21.995, p=.0001). 4. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed higher the degree of satisfaction of nursing care than control group(t=-4.010, p=.0001). These finding indicate that a meridian acupressure could be a effective nursing intervention for enhancement of post operative bowel movement to the patient with absolute bed rest who having surgery under general anesthesia.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to collect base-data for evaluation of primary school oral health program. The data was Obtained from 648 children of four primary schools in Gwangiu city, Gyeonggi-Do Korea, during 2 month (March to May, 2006). The survey was performed by a face-to-face interview questionnaire consisting of OIDP. We analyzed knowledge, attitude, action and DMFT, oral health knowledge, the state satisfaction, no dental treatment need according to being or not being of the score using SPSS 12.0. ODIP score measure was based on scoring method for OIDP. The results were as follows. 1. In knowledge, attitude, behavior of oral hygiene with regard to OIDP score, he group with OIDP score is higher than the group without that and in case of knowledge and behavior, the group with OIDP score has a significant difference from the group without (p < 0.05). 2. In case of the oral hygiene cognition, a situation satisfaction, a no dental treatment need based on OIDP score, the group without OIDP score has a desirable andsignificant difference from the group with OIDP score (p < 0.05). 3. In case of DMFT based on OIDP score, the group with has a higher DMFT than the group without and has an significant difference from the group without (p < 0.05).

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.681-689
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• 2015

This study aims to survey the effectiveness of the international distance learning between Korean and Japanese university students. This research is based on NWCCDL (Namseoul-Waseda Cross-Cultural Distance Learning) project in the spring semester, 2015. This project is the cross-cultural distance learning project between N University in Korea and W University in Japan, and the most important thing of this project is that this project is manipulated through the utilization of ICT. This research consists with two parts: the first is to introduce the NWCCDL project; the participants' information, and the contents and procedure of the on-line chatting program, and BBS(Bulletin Board System) activities. The second is to review on the students' satisfaction for the project and the utilization of ICT in English language education context. The analytic results of the questionnaire includes the students' satisfaction on this project and their reflection on the effectiveness of using ICT in English language classroom of Korea. The results prove that the most of the students are satisfied with the NWCCDL Project in the spring semester, 2015 and the most of the students agree with the fact that the utilization of ICT is very effective in English language education of Korea.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.375-384
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify the amount of social support and quality of life perceived by elderly people in rural areas and to examine the relationship between social support and quality of life in an effort to provide the basic data for effective nursing intervention to enhance quality of life among elderly people. Data were collected from a sample of 220 elderly people aged over 60 from a stratified probability method from one rural area in South Jeolla province from Aug. 15 to Sep. 15, 2002. For data collection, pre-educated researchers visited the participants' homes and surveyed them face-to-face. The statistical analysis was performed using the SAS program along with t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation. The findings were as follows: 1. The most socially supportive people they answered were Spouses (57.28%), followed by children, friends/neighbors, in descending order. In terms of satisfaction about social support, the subjects felt the most satisfaction from spouses, followed by friends/neighbors, children, in descending order. 2. The participants' perceived social support was 26.0 and the highest score was 108.0 out of 125. Also, the average score and average grade point was 81.7 and 3.35, respectively. A comparison of the average grade points per items within sub-areas of social support revealed financial aid(3.56), informative support(3.34), emotional support (3.27), and evaluation support(3.22). 3. Their perceived social support had statistically significant differences in terms of how much they earned (F=18.56, p= .00001) and whether they had family members living together (F=2.68, p= .0512), quality of life had statistically significant differences in terms of how much they earned (F=35.34, p= 0.00001). 4. The quality of life they perceived was the lowest score 47.0, the highest score 196.0, average score 145.7, and average grade points 3.28. A comparison of the average grade points per items within sub-areas of quality of life revealed neighbor relationships(3.97), self-esteem(3.49), family relationships(3.35), economic conditions 3.12), physical health (2.98), and psychological health(2.74). 5. The relationship between the amount of the subjects' social support and quality of life was significantly correlated (r=.696, p< .001). The findings revealed that social support for elderly people in rural areas was a greatly effective factor on their quality, of life. Also, it was shown that the larger the social support for the elderly, the greater the quality of life for them. Therefore, it is necessary to foster geriatric nurse specialists and develop nursing intervention programs connected with health care and social wellbeing in order to enhance the quality of life of elderly people in rural areas. Also, it is necessary to develop effective models for community and its applications, which will playa leading role for elderly people.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2021

Purpose: The hotel industry needs a leader who can actively demonstrate leadership to respond to and accept changes in the organization in a highly competitive and fast-changing environment. Therefore, the role of leaders who instill clear vision and goals of the organization in their members, listen to their opinions, and empathize is paramount. Leaders should encourage successful organizational activities based on active participation by employees and create the best environment for working with a sense of mission and responsibility. This study aims to identify the relationship between empathy leadership and job engagement as a result variable of team cohesion in the hotel culinary department and conduct empirical studies on the role of empathy leadership and job engagement. Research design, data, and methodology: The data were collected from employees who work in culinary department at a five-star franchise hotel located in the Seoul metropolitan area. Because it is difficult to conduct a survey through face-to-face contact with employees due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the online survey was conducted from February 1 to February 28, 2020. A total of 330 questionnaires through online were distributed and 268 employees completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 81%. Of the 268 returned responses, 27 responses were not usable due to missing information. Thus, a total of 241 responses were used for analysis. Results: The study results are as follows. First, it has been shown that the empathy leadership of culinary department in hotel companies has a significant positive impact on the job engagement. Second, it has been shown that job engagement has a significant positive effect on members' team cohesiveness. Third, empathy leadership of hotel companies' culinary department has a significant positive impact on members' team cohesiveness. Fourth, job engagement has a significant positive (+) mediating effect in the relationship between empathy leadership and team cohesiveness in culinary department. Conclusion: This study supports the theory that an emotional and empathic leader's behavior or ability can change the effectiveness or atmosphere of a rapidly changing hotel culinary team organization by presenting a research model on the effect of empathic leadership on job engagement and team cohesiveness. And hotel chefs should be more aware of the importance of empathic leadership and make them a human resource of the organization through formal and informal communication with culinary employees.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.367-376
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• 2022

In this study, the user experience was analyzed from the learner's point of view, focusing on the metaverse platform 'Spatial'. SUS(System Usability Scale) was used to evaluate the usability of the metaverse platform 'Spatial' in a college class, and the Magnitude estimation technique was used to evaluate the immersion and satisfaction with the class. In addition, a questionnaire survey was used to collect user experience opinions on the use of 'Spatial' as a teaching tool. Looking at the usability evaluation results of the 'Spatial' system, the students evaluated the usability, immersion, and satisfaction quite positively. Looking at the user experience of metaverse platform 'Spatial', it was found that students highly valued Metaverse as an educational tool that can provide a place for many people to gather and communicate even in a non-face-to-face space. Compared to other online platforms, metaverse has advantages in ease of use, interaction, immersion, and interest. In particular, in addition to keyboard, touch, and display, interaction using the five senses such as voice, motion, and gaze was recognized as a great advantage. On the other hand, it was found that high openness, freedom, and interest factors can both promote learning and inhibit learning. Nevertheless, it is judged that the metaverse platform 'Spatial' can be effectively applied in college classes because it enables various interactions between instructor and learner or between learner and learner.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.93-106
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• 2022

Objective : The COVID-19 pandemic has brought non-face-to-face healthcare service delivery system. Research into telehealth system and its efficacy remains unclear. Methods : Seven healthy adults participated in this study to investigate effects of tele-monitoring with the speech-to-text (STT) application to induce changes in occupational activities on occupational balance in healthy adults. Subjects were requested to choose occupational activities they wanted to have researched and then register them to the STT application. The STT application provided an alarm to check whether the pre-registered activities were performed on time, and whether the subjects performed it by their voice. The subjects were followed for 1 week, with assessments at baseline, and after 1-week's tele-monitoring. Results : Our findings showed that the subjects were willing to participate in tele-monitoring with the STT application with high adherence and satisfaction. In addition, there was a significant improvement in occupational activities related to health (p<.05). Specifically, adherence, satisfaction, and efficacy of the tele-monitoring with the STT application could successfully bring occupational balance in short-term periods. Conclusion : These findings highlight that tele-monitoring with a smartphone could be considered as one promising way to restore occupational balance in lockdown after the COVID-19 outbreak.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2023

A 2(pedagogical agent: with vs. without) × 2(on-screen text: with vs. without) between-subject design was used in this study to investigate the effects of pedagogical agent and redundant on-screen text on video learning. In the case of the educational video without redundant on-screen text, there was no difference in social presence, satisfaction, and intention to continue learning regardless of the presence of a pedagogical agent. However, when the educational video contained redundant on-screen text, participants who watched educational video with pedagogical agent perceived higher social presence, satisfaction and intention to continue. In terms of academic achievement, no difference was found whether redundant on-screen text was contained or not. It supports some of the previous studies on the reverse-redundancy effects, suggesting that the inclusion of redundant text does not necessarily cause the reduction of learning outcomes. Video learning shows a higher dropout rate than face-to-face learning. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand how to strengthen interactions with learners and motivate them to keep themselves engaged in learning. This study discussed whether pedagogical agent and on-screen text are factors that induce continuous participation of learners in video learning.