• 호남수학학술지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.521-534
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• 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new class 𝓡^k_λ(λ ≥ 1, k is any positive real number) of univalent complex functions, which consists of functions f of the form f(z) = z + Σ^∞_n=2 a_nzⁿ (|z| < 1) satisfying the subordination condition $$(1-{\lambda}){\frac{f(z)}{z}}+{\lambda}f^{\prime}(z){\prec}{\frac{1+r^2_kz^2}{1-k{\tau}_kz-{\tau}^2_kz^2}},\;{\tau}_k={\frac{k-{\sqrt{k^2+4}}}{2}$$, and investigate the Fekete-Szegö problem for the coefficients of f ∈ 𝓡^k_λ which are connected with k-Fibonacci numbers $F_{k,n}={\frac{(k-{\tau}_k)^n-{\tau}^n_k}{\sqrt{k^2+4}}}$ (n ∈ ℕ ∪ {0}). We obtain sharp upper bound for the Fekete-Szegö functional |a₃-𝜇a²₂| when 𝜇 ∈ ℝ. We also generalize our result for 𝜇 ∈ ℂ.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.487-510
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• 2023

We propose a mathematical model which describes the frictional contact between a piezoelectric body and an electrically conductive foundation. The behavior of the material is described with a linearly electro-viscoelastic constitutive law with long term memory. The mechanical process is dynamic and the electrical conductivity coefficient depends on the total slip rate, the friction is modeled with Tresca's law which the friction bound depends on the total slip rate with taking into account the electrical conductivity of the foundation both. The main results of this paper concern the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution of the model; the proof is based on results for second order evolution variational inequalities with a time-dependent hemivariational inequality in Banach spaces.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.331-347
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• 2022

In this paper, we introduce new subclasses of analytic and bi-univalent functions associated with the Mittag-Leffler-type Borel distribution by using the Legendre polynomials. Furthermore, we find estimates on the first two Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients |a₂| and |a₃| for functions in these subclasses and obtain Fekete-Szegő problem for these subclasses. We also state certain new subclasses of Σ and initial coefficient estimates and Fekete-Szegő inequalities.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2024

In this paper, a new subclass, 𝒮𝒞^𝜇,p,q_𝜎 (r, s; x), of Sakaguchitype analytic bi-univalent functions defined by (p, q)-derivative operator using Horadam polynomials is constructed and investigated. The initial coefficient bounds for |a₂| and |a₃| are obtained. Fekete-Szegö inequalities for the class are found. Finally, we give some corollaries.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 1999

The LIGA X-ray exposure step was modelled into three inequalities, by assuming that the X-ray energy attenuated within a resist is deposited only in the localized range of the resist. From these inequalities, equations for the minimum and maximum exposure times required for a good quality microstructure were obtained. Also, an equation for the thickness of an X-ray mask absorber was obtained from the exposure requirement of threshold dose deposition. The calculation method of the synchrotron radiation power from a synchrotron radiation source was introduced and applied to an X-ray exposure step. A power from a synchrotron radiation source was introduced and applied to an X-ray exposure step/ A power function of photon energy, approximating the attenuation length of the representative LIGA resist, PMMA, and the mean photon energy of the XZ-rays incident upon an X-ray mask absorber were applied to the above mentioned equations. Consequently, the tendencies of the minimum and maximum exposure and with respect to mean photon energy and thick ness of PMMA was obtained. Additionally, the tendencies of the necessary thickness of PMMA and photon energy of the X-ray mask absorber with respect to thickness of PMMA and photon energy of the X-rays incident upon an X-ray mask absorber were examined. The minimum exposure time increases monotonically with increasing mean photon energy for the same total power density and is not a function of the thickness of resist. The minimum exposure time increases with increasing mean photon energy for the same total power density in the case of the general LIGA process, where the thickness of PMMA is thinner than the attenuation length of PMMA. Additionally, the minimum exposure time increases monotonically with increasing thickness of PMMA. The maximally exposable thickness of resist is proportional to the attenuation length of the resist at the mean photon energy with its proportional constant of ln $(Dd_m/D_{dv})$. The necessary thickness of a gold X-ray mask absorber due to absorption edges of gold, increases smoothly with increasing PMMA thickness ratio, and is independent of the total power density itself. The simplicity of the derived equations has made clearly understandable the X-ray exposure phenomenon and the correlation among the exposure times, the attenuation coefficient and the thickness of an X-ray mask absorber, the attenuation coefficient and the thickness of the resist, and the synchrotron radiation power density.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2022

Objectives: Throughout history, societies have been impacted by inequality. Many studies have been conducted on the topic more broadly, but only a few have investigated inequalities in out-of-pocket health payments (OHP). This study measures OHP inequality trends among the Iranian households. Methods: This study used data from the Iranian Statistics Center on Iranian household income and expenditures. The analysis included a total of 995 300 households during the 36 years from 1984 to 2019. The Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, and Theil index were calculated for Iranian OHP. Results: Average Iranian household OHP increased from 33 US dollar (USD) in 1984 to 47 USD in 2019. During this 36-year span, the average±standard deviation Gini coefficient for OHP was 0.73±0.04, and the Atkinson and Theil indexes were 0.68±0.05 and 1.14±0.29, respectively. The Gini coefficients for the subcategories of OHP of outpatient diagnostic services, medical assistant accessories, hospital inpatient services, and addiction cessation were 0.70, 0.61, 0.84, and 0.64, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, we scrutinized trends of inequality in the OHP of Iranian households. Inequality in OHP decreased slightly over the past four decades. An analysis of trends among different subgroups revealed that affluent households, such as households with insurance coverage and households in higher income deciles, experienced higher inequality. Therefore, lower inequality in health care expenditures may be related to restricted access to health care services in Iran.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2004

The descriptor system model has a high ability in representing dynamical systems. It can preserve physical parameters in the coefficient matrices, and describe the dynamic part, static part, and even the improper part of the system in the same form. The design of mixed $H_{2}/H_{\infty}$ controllers for linear time-invariant descriptor systems is considered in this paper. Firstly, an $H_2$ and $H_{\infty}$ synthesis problems fur a descriptor system are presented separately in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) based on the bounded real lemma. Then, we show that the existence of a mixed $H_2/H_{\infty}$ controller by which the $H_2$ norm of the second channel is minimized while keeping the $H_2$ norm bound of the first channel less than ${\gamma}$, is reduced to the linear objective minimization problem. The class of desired controllers that are assumed to have the same structure as the plant is parameterized by using the linearizing change of variables.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2016

In this paper, a boundary version of the Schwarz lemma is investigated. We take into consideration a function $f(z)=z+c_{p+1}z^{p+1}+c_{p+2}z^{p+2}+{\cdots}$ holomorphic in the unit disc and $\|\frac{f(z)}{{\lambda}f(z)+(1-{\lambda})z}-{\alpha}\|$ < ${\alpha}$ for ${\mid}z{\mid}$ < 1, where $\frac{1}{2}$ < ${\alpha}$ ${\leq}{\frac{1}{1+{\lambda}}}$, $0{\leq}{\lambda}$ < 1. If we know the second and the third coefficient in the expansion of the function $f(z)=z+c_{p+1}z^{p+1}+c_{p+2}z^{p+2}+{\cdots}$, then we can obtain more general results on the angular derivatives of certain holomorphic function on the unit disc at boundary by taking into account $c_{p+1}$, $c_{p+2}$ and zeros of f(z) - z. We obtain a sharp lower bound of ${\mid}f^{\prime}(b){\mid}$ at the point b, where ${\mid}b{\mid}=1$.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

The relationship between income inequality and capital account openness is empirically investigated in this study, where macroeconomic variables have opposing effects. Panel data used in the study from the KAOPEN Index and World Bank consists of 28 Asian countries and has been examined; it contains annual observations from 1970 to 2018. The data is examined using a random-effect model based on GMM estimates. Income inequality and capital account openness are positively and significantly related, according to our findings. Overall, the findings imply that increasing income gaps reduced capital investment in nations with large discrepancies. The growing economic discrepancy is being caused by the rich's increasing income share at the expense of the poor. In Asia, inward capital account openness exacerbates income inequality, while outward capital account openness exacerbates it. As a result, income inequality slows economic growth, leading to inflation, unemployment, and increased government spending in several Asian countries. Our control factors, GDP, and other secondary school enrolments, all had a statistically significant negative relationship with income inequality. Income disparity has a positive and statistically significant association with government spending, inflation, population, trade openness, and unemployment. Income disparity has a negative association with capital account openness, gross domestic product, and secondary school enrollment.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

정보와 지식의 소유 또는 접근에 따라서 사회적 불평등 특히 경제적 불평등 역시 매우 커질수 있다. 정보격차는 소득격차로 더 나아가서 경제격차로 이어질 수 있다. 최근 들어 스마트환경으로 진화하면서 우리사회는 정보격차에 있어 좀 더 복잡한 상황을 맞고 있다. 스마트 환경에서는 기존 PC기반의 유선 인터넷 기반의 환경과 달리 전송수단에 얽매이지 않는 다양한 미디어 서비스가 등장하고 있어 스마트 환경에서의 정보격차는 훨씬 더 심각한 문제들을 발생시키고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 일반국민들을 대상으로 시행했던 정보격차지수 및 실태조사결과를 바탕으로 우리 국민들의 정보화수준과 소득과의 상관관계를 분석하는데 있다. 만약 우리 국민들의 정보에 접근하고, 활용하고 이용하는 역량 수준에 따라 소득수준에도 차이가 발생한다면 우리정부의 정보격차해소를 위한 정책이나 전략 등에 있어 새로운 접근이나 변화가 필요하다. 특히 정보소외집단에 대한 배려와 관심 및 계속적인 정보격차해소지원책에 대한 노력이 수반되어야 할 것이다. 연구결과 우리국민의 정보화수준과 가구소득과의 상관관계는 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)의 관계를 나타냈다. 또한 그 상관계수 추세가 양(+)으로 나타나 우리나라 일반국민들에 대한 정보화 수준을 높일 수 있는 정부의 다양한 정보화 정책이 필요함을 시사한다.