• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2007

Drug eruption is a relatively commin dermatological disorder and may cause significant problems. The treatment is to stop using a drug that may cuase a drug eruption. In some cases, steroids and antihistamines can be used supportively. According to some reports, Onchungeum(溫淸飮) has steroid-like effects and antihistaminic effects. We administered Onchungeum(溫淸飮) a patient with severe itching because of a drug eruption. After administration of Onchungeum(溫淸飮), itching decreased to much degrees. It can be suggested that Onchungeum(溫淸飮) can be used to treat symptoms of allergic skin disease like a drug eruption.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2010

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which is characterized by severe pruritis, erythema, edema, effusion and scabs. The aim of this study was to understand effects of Arctium lappa Linne, which is well known for its efficacy for various skin diseases, on atopic dermatitis Methods : We conducted this experiment using the DNFB-induced NC/Nga mice. After two weeks of applying DNFB to NC/Nga mice, severe symptoms of atopic dermatitis occurred. We divided the mice into three different groups: a control group which was given no treatment at all, a group treated with dexamethasone (1mg/kg), and another group treated with Arctium lappa Linne (300mg/kg). After one week of treatment, results were recorded according to their improvement on skin, itching behavior, IL-4, and INF-$\gamma$ measurement, which is a significant criterion for diagnosing atopic dermatitis. Results : Itching behavior showed significant improvement in the Arctium lappa Linne group. However Arctium lappa Linne failed to reduce IL-4 and INF-$\gamma$ count. Also there was no satisfying improvement on AD-like skin lesions on the rostral back of the NC/Nga mice treated with Arctium lappa Linne. Conclusions : Arctium lappa Linne showed improvement in itching behavior in NC/Nga mice induced by DNFB. Arctium lappa Linne showed neither significant improvement on skin lesions nor in IL-4 and INF-$\gamma$ measurement.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.22.1-22.17
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• 2021

Chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1) is known to induce inflammation in the progression of allergic diseases. Previous our studies revealed that 2-({3-[2-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-quinazolinyl}sulfanyl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)butanamide (K284-6111; K284), the CHI3L1 inhibiting compound, has the anti-inflammatory effect on neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated that K284 treatment could inhibit the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). To identify the effect of K284, we used phthalic anhydride (5% PA)-induced AD animal model and in vitro reconstructed human skin model. We analyzed the expression of AD-related cytokine mediators and NF-κB signaling by Western blotting, ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR. Histological analysis showed that K284 treatment suppressed PA-induced epidermal thickening and infiltration of mast cells. K284 treatment also reduced PA-induced release of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, K284 treatment inhibited the expression of NF-κB activity in PA-treated skin tissues and TNF-α and IFN-γ-treated HaCaT cells. Protein-association network analysis indicated that CHI3L1 is associated with lactoferrin (LTF). LTF was elevated in PA-treated skin tissues and TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells. However, this expression was reduced by K284 treatment. Knockdown of LTF decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells. Moreover, anti-LTF antibody treatment alleviated AD development in PA-induced AD model. Our data demonstrate that CHI3L1 targeting K284 reduces AD-like skin inflammation and K284 could be a promising therapeutic agent for AD by inhibition of LTF expression.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2012

Objectives NJ is being used to treat inflammatory diseases in Korea. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effects of NJ on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like lesions and mast cell-mediated allergy inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Methods and Results We investigated to ascertain the pharmacological effects of NJ on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic reactions under in vivo conditions. Additionally, to find possible explanations for the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of NJ, we evaluated the regulatory effects of NJ on the level of inflammatory mediators in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). Conclusions NJ inhibited the production of the inflammatory cytokines (IgE, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-${\alpha}$) significantly in vivo and in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.336-340
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• 2018

Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz.(AS) geographically distributes in Korea, Japan, Northeast China and Russia. The bark of Alnus species have been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of allergic skin diseases. The content evaluation of compounds which were isolated from the barks of A. sibirica processed enzymatic hydrolysis(EAS); hirsutanonol(1), 5-O-methylhirsutanonol(2), rubranol(3), hirsutenone(4) and muricarpone B(5) was conducted using HPLC. Consequently, in EAS, the content of glycoside was decreased considerably. But the aglycones(1, 3 and 4) were increased highly and 2, 5 were formed newly.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2002

Purpose: Atopic dermatitis, which is one the prevalent allergic diseases in toddlers and adolescent population, has not been treated with Sasang Constitutional Medicine due to the limitation of constitution differentiation in children. This study was aimed to examine the effect of treatment for atopic dermatitis with Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Method: Forty-three patients over age 3 who were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka were participated in this study from August, 2001 thru May, 2002 at the Pohang Oriental Medicine Hospital, Kyungsan University. Result: 1. Soyangin showed the highest proportion of 79% of the sample. 2. The symptom of the disease by patients' constitution according to the degree of affected skin and itching was severe in Soyangin, and mild in Soeumin 3. For treatment 9 kinds of prescription regimen were given; Yangkyuksanhwatang was mostly used for Soyangin followed by Hyungbangsabaksan. Hayngsayangwetang and Galgunhaegitang were prescribed for Soeumin and Taeumin, respectively. 4. The treatment effect was found in 84% (n=36) of the patients markedly. Six out of seven who showed no progress were Soyangin. Conclusion: The treatment based on the constitution differentiation and prescription of the Sasang Constitutional Medicine was effective for the symptom alleviation in a short term period in atopic dermatitis. Further clinical study is needed to prove the effect of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in a larger sample and various diseases.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2005

Atopic dermatitis(AD) is a chronic disease that affects the skin. "Atopic" refers to a group of diseases where there is often an inherited tendency to develop other allergic conditions, such as asthma and hay fever. In AD, symptoms vary from person to person. The most common symptoms are dry, itchy skin and rashes on the face, inside the elbows and behind the knees, and on the hands and feet. Although AD may occur at any age, it most often begins in infancy and childhood. The cause of AD is not known, but the disease seems to result from a combination of hereditary and environmental factors along with malfunction of the body's immune system. In contrast to that, the results from literatual study in oriental medicine are as follows; 1. The causes of AD are considered to be Mosusigisadok(母受時氣毒), Waegampoongsubyeol(外感風濕熱), Guasiksinlayeolmul(過食辛辣熱物), Ohbokonje(誤服溫劑). 2. The symptoms are fever, flushed face, red eyes, oliguria, constipation and itching. 3. Chungyeolhaedok(淸熱解毒) would be the basic method of treatment, and it divides into two categories; Subhyung(濕型) and Gunhyung(乾型). In Subhyung(濕型), AD is treated by Josub(燥濕), Chungyeol(淸熱) and Jiyang(止痒) whereas Chungyeol(淸熱), Jiyang(止痒), Jesub(除濕) in Gunhyung(乾型). 4. To prevent further damage and enhance quality of life, it is necessary to keep the temperature and humidity favorable, and healing the skin and keeping it healthy are important. Developing and sticking with a daily skin care routine is critical to preventing flares. Changing the diet and psychological stability may also be helpful to relieve symptoms of AD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-74
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the skin disease in Sanghanron"傷寒論" and Geumgweyoryak"金匱要略". Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak containing the skin disease and analysis of Woo, Oh, Sung, Zhang, etc. We drew a parallel between skin disease from Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. In Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak pruritus was related to psychogenic pruritus and similar to skin disease caused by decrease of sweating, dry skin in cholinergic urticaria, atopic dermatitis and eczema, etc. in western medicine. 2. In Geumgweyoryak ichthyosis was caused by woman's disease, after menopause, chronic disease and malnutrition and related to winter itch and xerotic eczema in western medicine. 3. In Sanghanron Goose bumps, keratosis follicularis, acute and chronic urticaria and cold urticaria were occurred because of poorly managed fever care and side effect of antibiotic. 4. In Geumgweyoryak red face was similar to face flushing and side effects, which is after drug and laser treatment on face, in western medicine. 5. In Geumgweyoryak urticaria was, in a broad sense, skin disease with pruritus and secondary infection resulted from scratch. Skin diseases with pruritus are similar to urticaria, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, nummular eczema, lichen simplex chronicus, prurigo nodularis, neurodermatitis and internal disease with pruritus in western medicine. 6. In Geumgweyoryak spots in the skin were caused by fever and similar to allergic purpura and SLE symptom in western medicine. 7. In Geumgweyoryak bullous disease with yellowish discharge was similar to eczema, pustule, atopic eczema, etc. in western medicine. 8. In Geumgweyoryak repeated inflammation of oral cavity, genitals, eyes and skin was similar to Behcet's disease in western medicine. 9. In Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak boil was similar to abscess and acute lymphadenitis in western medicine caused by oily foods and infections. 10. In Geumgweyoryak swelling and boil were occurred in a poor health. Damage from metalic material could cause a convulsion and was similar to tetanus in western medicine. Conclusion : We analyzed the original text paragraphs of Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak and explanations about skin disease. As a results, we found out etiology, pathogenesis, treatments of the skin disease in Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak. Further we compared with western medicine to develop better understanding of the skin disease.

• Journal of Rhinology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: The present study evaluated the results of skin prick test using 55 allergens at 20 centers in the Republic of Korea in 2006, 2010, and 2014-2015. The aim was to assess changes in the positive rate of allergens according to temporal, regional, and environmental factors. Materials and Method: In total, 20 hospitals were selected based on the population distribution in the Republic of Korea. A skin prick test panel comprising 55 aeroallergens was distributed to 18 hospitals for this prospective study. The 2006 and 2010 skin prick test results were collected and analyzed retrospectively from 20 hospitals, while the 2014/2015 skin prick test results (from June 2014 to May 2015) were collected prospectively from 18 hospitals. Results: A total of 14,897 SPT test results were analyzed: 4,319 in 2006, 7,431 in 2010, and 1,852 in 2014/2015. The overall rate of skin prick test positivity to more than two allergens was significantly higher in males than females. The positive rates of alder pollens and birch, oak and ragweed pollen positivity were increased in older patients. Several positive rates were increased according to the temperature in spring. The positive rates for beech pollen, birch pollen, hazel pollen, oak pollen, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, mugwort, cat, Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae were significantly increased, while those of Cult rye pollen and dandelion were significantly decreased over the three test periods. The overall positive rate for allergens in Jeju province varied significantly from Seoul and other cities. Conclusion: Change in the positive rate of multiple aeroallergens was evaluated in the Republic of Korea over time. Our findings can be used to recommend aeroallergens suitable for inclusion in skin prick test panels in the Republic of Korea and will facilitate further investigation of changes in the patterns of allergic diseases.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2018

Nypa fruticans wurmb (NF) has been used as traditional medicinal food in Asian countries. Especially, NF has been used for conventional medicine to treat inflammatory periodontal diseases. Previous studies have been shown that NF has large amount of useful constituents such as phenolic acids, polyphenols and flavonoids. Also, NF is known as having medicinal effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects. NF has recently been attracted to use complementary medicinal food on inflammatory diseases in Korea. However, there are no obvious effects in inflammatory and metabolic diseases also mechanisms has been studied yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of NF and steamed-NF (SNF), which recently has been used as health food, using Human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and Human mast cell line (HMC-1). The cytotoxicities of NF and SNF were measured by using MTT assays in HaCaT cells and HMC-1 cell. To evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of NF and SNF, HaCaT cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and Interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$. Also, HMC-1 cells were stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and A23187 calcium ionophore (A23187) to induce allergic inflammation. Inflammatory cytokine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this result, the extract of NF and SNF (0.01 - 1mg/ml) did not show cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells and HMC-1 cells. In addition, the NF and SNF suppressed the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in HaCaT cells at highest concentration. Furthermore, the treatment of SNF significantly inhibited the secretion level of IL-8 in PMA plus A23187-stimulated HMC-1 cells compared with NF treatment group. These results suggest that the extract of NF and SNF may serve as a potential therapy for skin inflammatory diseases.