• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2015

Background: Follow-up clinical consultations could improve overall health status as well provide knowledge and education for cancer prevention. Materials and Methods: This is the cross-sectional study using the Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) 6th edition for 2012, with 115,083 respondents who underwent cancer checkups selected as subjects. Associations between the presence of consultation and the socioeconomic status were determined using statistical methods with the SAS 9.3 statistical package (Cary, NC, USA). Findings: Among the recipients, 32,179 (28.0%) received clinical consultations after cancer screenings. Those in rural areas (odds ratio, OR=0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69-0.73) visited follow-up clinics less frequently than did those in urban areas. Starting at the elementary school level, as the education level increased to middle school (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.19-1.34), high school (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.23-1.36) or college (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.65-1.89), the participation rates also increased. When compared with the lowest quartile group, the quartile income level showed a statistical trend and difference as follows: second lowest quartile (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.07-1.16), third lowest (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.17) and highest quartile income (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.23-1.35). In addition, the people with economic activities (OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.84-0.90) visited follow-up clinics less frequently than did the others. Current smokers (OR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98) and inveterate drinkers (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.94) had a tendency to visit less often than did non-smokers and other drinkers with all cancers combined. Interpretation: We suggest primary prevention through lifestyle modifications including smoking and drinking, and environmental interventions may offer the most cost-effective approach to reduce the cancer burden.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.2369-2378
• /
• 2012

Objectives: To assess knowledge of HPV and attitudes towards HPV vaccination among the general female population, government officials, and healthcare providers in China to assist the development of an effective national HPV vaccination program. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was conducted across 21 urban and rural sites in China using a short questionnaire. 763 government officials, 760 healthcare providers, and 11,681 women aged 15-59 years were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Knowledge of HPV among the general female population was low; only 24% had heard of HPV. Less than 20% of healthcare providers recognized sexually na$\ddot{i}$ve women as the most appropriate population for HPV vaccination. There was high acceptance of the HPV vaccine for all categories of respondents. Only 6% of women were willing to pay more than US $300 for the vaccine. Conclusions: Aggressive education is necessary to increase knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. Further proof of vaccine safety and efficacy and government subsidies combined with increased awareness could facilitate development and implementation of HPV vaccination in China.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.3243-3254
• /
• 2013

It is well known that increased incidences of lung, skin, and bladder cancers are associated with occupational exposure to PAHs. Animal studies show that certain PAHs also can affect the hematopoietic and immune systems and can produce reproductive, neurologic, and developmental effects. As a consequence, several studies have been attempted to investigate the fate of PAHs in atmospheric environment during the past decades. However, there is still a lack of information in regard to the atmospheric concentration of PAHs during the "Bon Fire Night". In this study, twenty-three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and twenty-eight aliphatics were identified and quantified in the $PM_{10}$ and vapour range in Birmingham ($27^{th}$ November 2001-$19^{th}$ January 2004). The measured concentrations of total particulate and vapour (P+V) PAHs were consistently higher at the BROS in both winter and summer. Arithmetic mean total (P+V) PAH concentrations were $51.04{\pm}47.62$ ng $m^{-3}$ and $22.30{\pm}19.18$ ng $m^{-3}$ at the Bristol Road Observatory Site (BROS) and Elms Road Observatory Site (EROS) respectively. In addition arithmetic mean total (P+V) B[a]P concentrations at the BROS were $0.47{\pm}0.39$ ng $m^{-3}$ which exceeded the EPAQS air quality standard of 0.25 ng $m^{-3}$. On the other hand, the arithmetic mean total (P+V) aliphatics were $81.80{\pm}69.58$ ng $m^{-3}$ and $48.00{\pm}35.38$ ng $m^{-3}$ at the BROS and EROS in that order. The lowest average of CPI and $C_{max}$ measured at the BROS supports the idea of traffic emissions being a principle source of SVOCs in an urban atmosphere. The annual trend of PAHs was investigated by using an independent t-test and oneway independent ANOVA analysis. Generally, there is no evidence of a significant decline of heavier MW PAHs from the two data sets, with only Ac, Fl, Ph, An, 2-MePh, 1+9-MePh, Fluo and B[b+j+k]F showing a statistically significant decline (p<0.05). A further attempt for statistical analysis had been conducted by dividing the data set into three groups (i.e. 2000, 2001-2002 and 2003-2004). For lighter MW compounds a significant level of decline was observed by using one-way independent ANOVA analysis. Since the annual mean of $O_3$ measured in Birmingham City Centre from 2001 to 2004 increased significantly (p<0.05), it may be possible to attribute the annul reduction of more volatile PAHs to the enhanced level of annual average $O_3$. By contrast, the heavier MW PAHs measured at the BROS did not show any significant annual reduction, implying the difficulties of 5- and 6-ring PAHs to be subject to photochemical decomposition. The deviation of SVOCs profile measured at the EROS was visually confirmed during the "Bonfire Night" festival closest to the $6^{th}$ November 2003. In this study, the atmospheric PAH concentrations were generally elevated on this day with concentrations of Fl, Ac, B[a]A, B[b+j+k]F, Ind and B[g,h,i]P being particularly high.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.263-269
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted with the aim of providing the basic data for an informative and educational program designed to give a guideline how to keep and care the skin healthy and proper. Female freshmen, enrolled in colleges in Jeonbuk provincial area, were surveyed about their status of health and way of skin care and make-up. The results of research were summarized as follows: First, 268 students(65.4%) were 19 years old or younger. Among the respondents, 219 persons(54.4%) lived in small or medium cities and 271(66.1%) showed less than 20 of body mass index($kg/m^{2}$). Second, there were statistically significant correlations between dwelling place, drinking habit(p<0.05), and subjective health status(p<0.05) with health, skin care and make-up habit. Third, drinking, subjective health status appeared to be significant variables affecting facial skin(p<0.05) and health status(p<0.01), respectively. Forth, smoking and regular meal seemed to affect the length of make-up(p<.05) and smoking esd strongly connected with the extent of make-up. The way of thinking about cosmetics were affected by the habits of drinking(p<0.05) and smoking(p<0.01), respectively. Drinking habit was the significant variable of health affecting on the belief in the effect of cosmetics. Fifth, skin health was negatively correlated with drinking and smoking habits and positively with subjective health status, BMI($kg/m^{2}$) and frequency of make-up. Sixth, healthier state of facial skin appeared to be happened with statistical significance(p<0.01) in rural areas than in urban areas and with a person of higher than 20 of BMI($kg/m^{2}$) than of less than 20 from the regression analysis. It has been estimated that there were meaningful correlations between the status of health and make-up among female freshmen. Accordingly, the concept of health reinforcement can be adopted to skin care and skin maintenance, so various and comprehensive approaching methods were required to improve and reinforce the skin management and cosmetic culture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.87 no.3
• /
• pp.347-357
• /
• 1998

The objective of this study was to present the proper criteria which could be efficiently used for dividing the land-use zones in Korean national parks. Delphi technique was employed to collect data for this study. The Delphi process was designed with 3 round questionaries for Korean panel experts. A list of 30 criteria was obtained to be considered in dividing land-use zones. From the results, the biological category, in which 10 criteria were involved, occupied the most part of them. This means that the panels consider the biological criteria to be the most important ones under the serious situation of environmental deterioration. Using the 30 criteria emerged from this study, it could be possible to analyze the fitness of the existing land-use zoning system. Prior to the application of these criteria to each park, however, the areal characteristics should be surveyed to select the proper criteria. The new zoning system based on the regional characteristics of each park could be efficiently utilized for management of Korean national parks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare the vegetation structure in complementary forests of villages between Korea and China. For this study, Jinan in Korea and Qingzhou in China were selected through a pre-survey about the representative regions of both countries. The main research method used was field study. A comparative analysis between the two regions was performed by a frequency analysis of the surveyed data. The data obtained in the study shows the vegetation structure in complementary forests of villages in the two regions have many differences which are related to the local culture. As a result, it was identified that the average number of species was the same at 2.9 and the average number of trees, total number of trees, and tree density in Qingzhou were considerably greater than those in Jinan. Also, it was identified that tree height, average breadth height diameter and crown width in Jinan were considerably greater than those in Qingzhou. Furthermore, it was identified that both the forest state and the principal species of tree are both very different according to the different cultures. Through this identification, it is considered that this study will be helpful in establishing policy direction in both countries about the restoration and management of complementary forests.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.46 no.9
• /
• pp.897-907
• /
• 2013

Climate change is expected to worsen the depletion of streamflow in urban watershed. In this study, we therefore considered the treated wastewater (TWW) use as an adaptation strategy and devised a framework to identify prioritized areas for TWW use. An integrated framework that includes hydrological factors as well as social and environmental components were employed to determine the criteria for decision making. Fuzzy theory was employed to consider the uncertainties in the climate change scenarios and the weights of the performance value. All alternatives were evaluated using the fuzzy TOPSIS method. In addition, statistical method and decision making methods under complete uncertainty were used for robust decision making. As a result, ranking the alternatives using the fuzzy TOPSIS method and robust approach such as maximin, maximax, Hurwicz and equal likelihood criterion mitigated the level of uncertainty and ambiguity in each alternative. The finding of this study can be helpful in prioritizing water resource management projects considering various climate change scenarios.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.191-205
• /
• 2016

North Korea(NK) has designated the special economic zones(SEZs) since the first one in Rason. But, why have the SEZs in NK still not been developed successfully? This study comparatively evaluated the SEZs in China, Vietnam and NK, with respect to 'context/purpose', 'development/management system', and 'location/infrastructure.' NK's strategies for the SEZs were different from those of China and Vietnam in terms of historical context and development purpose. China and Vietnam chose the market opening policy aiming to reform their national economy, while NK tried the opening policy without the economic reform. This difference made NK's decentralization and location strategies marginal. In spite of the positive land system and tax benefit of NK, the strategies couldn't make a successful result. The implications of this comparative study are as follows. Firstly, NK needs to establish a strategy for the SEZs in accord with the comprehensive and long-term plan for economic development and 'trustworthy and substantial market-systems' being compatible with outside world. For that, NK has to secure the regime stability in political and diplomatic dimensions. Secondly, NK has to carry out policies of decentralization and location of the SEZs more positively. Thirdly, in order to solve the problem related to lack of infrastructure capital, NK needs to utilize a BOT scheme.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2017

Recently, as the paradigm of regional development has been transformed into characterization, decentralization and cooperation, small and medium scale development is in the spotlight. In particular, as the transfer of planning authority to local governments accelerates, LH is in the process of seeking to transform itself into a system that is in line with local government demand. The purpose of this study is to elaborate the regional pending projects that meet the demand of the region. The Jeju Special Self-Governing Province is the area where land and housing prices have increased more than three times recently, which is the area of interest in recent years due to the various demand for development projects. Another objective is to establish a local government based on LH's system, it is aimed to derive a collaboration method with local government, province corporation and local researchers. The criteria for deriving the cooperation projects between the local government and LH are basically the ones that can be carried out by LH and future-oriented projects. The process of deriving has undergone the process of statutory planning, unscrupulous plan analysis, and consultation of experts' advisory committees. In order to derive the regional cooperation project, four criteria such as local uniqueness, future possibility, business promotion efficiency, and local cooperation project were set. Major projects of the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province are improvement of the surrounding traffic system, construction of the hinterland due to the construction of the second airport, and establishment of Cruise Port(Jeju Port, Seogwipo Port). The role of each entity in the implementation of regional cooperation projects is as follows. Local government should request subsidies for the projects in case of lack of budget support and secure them through competition with other regions. In addition, it should be responsible for the operation and management of the facility once it has been supported and completed smoothly. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport affects each region through approval and subsidy of the development plan. After the development project is completed, it evaluates the development project through monitoring and plays a role of continuously improving the system. As a business operator, the provincial corporation will carry out small-scale projects including non-physical projects such as community participation. In the case of LH regional headquarters, the general manager of the region will establish a comprehensive business plan, secure development availability, and carry out large-scale growth promotion projects.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2019

This study was started to study the buffer zone of Daejeon metropolitan city in order to study the policy and environment for the suitability evaluation of the use of green buffer zone. The target of the study was selected as the buffer zone of western buffer, which is frequently used in the Daejeon Metropolitan City, and a preliminary index was selected to evaluate the suitability of the green buffer zone. AHP analysis was conducted to increase the reliability of the preliminary indicators and the weight was analyzed by questionnaires to experts and practitioners. In addition, based on the existing statistical data, we rebuilt the green buffer zone and investigated the current condition, and compared and analyzed the green buffer zone and the places where they did not. The results are as follow. First, unlike the statute interpretation that construction can not be done in buffered green spaces, green buffer zones have been utilized in various ways. However, the lack of advanced citizen consciousness of the residents, the responsibility of the responsible person, and the problem of the management office alone are causing problems. Second, according to the results of AHP questionnaire analysis, functional and stability among the appropriateness indexes of green buffer zone utilization were evaluated highly. Park accessibility and utilization potential also weighed somewhat, and it was judged that the epochal trend was more important in the use of green buffer zones. Third, analysis of the status of Western green buffer zones in Daejeon showed that the utilization rate was more than half. This suggests the necessity of judging the appropriateness of the application of the green buffer zone effectively due to the change of the perception of the green buffer zone of the residents. Fourth, as a result of comparing and analyzing the site where the site is used and the site where it is not, it is found that it is used within a range that does not greatly affect each index. However, as the stability has decreased, we have decided that the utilization method is most damaging to the green zone, and we should strive to improve the stability in future. Finally, the analysis of a red clay road and a red clay road sites decreased from Class I of stability to Grade II. However, the fall figure showed a difference between the 13 % drop rate of the target location and the 5% decline rate of utilization. The difference was analyzed as the difference of width of a red clay road. This can be regarded as one of the ways of damaging the green zone to the minimum extent, which is a great advantage in selecting the future utilization plan.