• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.727-734
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• 2001

Contracture is defined as the lack of full passive range of motion resulting from pint, muscle or soft tissue limitationprolonged Pint immobilization will result in stress and stretch deprivation and gradual development of contracture. the tissue changes caused by immobilization may be categorized as cellular modeling, ground substance and collagen response, and tissue response. contracture can be divided into three categories according to the anatomical location of pathological changes :arthrogenic, myogenic, soft tissue contractures Therapeutic approach of contracture is thermal or cold agents application, stretch or restoration of length, traction, manipulation, mobilization positioning and restoration of function. The purpose of this article is to review current concepts of mechanical properties and synthesis of collagen tissue and the underlying pathomechanics as it relates to evaluation and treatment of contracture.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.269-275
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• 1990

Nonaxisymmetric bifurcation behaviours of composite tubes two different materials subjected to uniform radial shrinkage at the external surface have been investigated and compared with those of single tube. The effect of material parameters normalized with respect to those of outer tube upon the bifurcation point and corresponding mode has been clarified. The parameters substantially affect the bifurcation mode with long-wavelength so that the composite tube with low hardening exponent or with high yield stress of inner tube destabilizes the overall deformation of the tube. However surface type bifurcation, short-wavelength mode, shown on the traction-free inner surface is hardly affected by the material parameters. The surface type bifurcation completely depends on the material characteristics of inner tube and the bifurcation point of composite tube almost coincides with the of single tube.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.148-161
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• 2008

A volume integral equation method (VIEM) is used to calculate the plane elastostatic field in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing multiple isotropic or anisotropic inclusions subject to remote loading. A detailed analysis of stress field at the interface between the matrix and the central inclusion in the first column of square packing is carried out for different values of the distance between the center of the central inclusion in the first column of square packing of inclusions and the traction-free surface boundary in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing multiple isotropic or anisotropic inclusions. The method is shown to be very accurate and effective for investigating the local stresses in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing multiple isotropic or anisotropic inclusions.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.237-241
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• 2017

The present study deals with the propagation of Love wave (a type of surface wave) in crustal layer having temperature dependent inhomogeneity. It is assumed that the inhomogeneity in the crustal layer arises due to linear temperature variation in rigidity and density. The upper boundary of the crustal layer is traction free. Numerical results for Love wave are discussed by plotting analytical curves between phase velocity against wave number and stress against depth in the presence of inhomogeneity and temperature parameters. The effects boundary condition on the Love wave propagation in the crustal layer is also analyzed. The results presented in this study would be useful for seismologists and geologists.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.155-161
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• 2007

A bogie frame is typical safty part of railway vehicle. Main performance of a bogie frame is to support a car body and passenger weight and transfer traction and braking force. This paper is to evaluate the static strength and fatigue strength for the end trailer bogie with UIC 615-4 code. Therefore stress analysis of the end trailer bogie frame has been performed for various loading condition according to the UIC 615-4 code and haigh diagram is used for evaluation of fatigue strength. By the results of these analysis, static and fatigue strength of the end trailer bogie is satisfied with a applied criterion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.11 s.176
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• pp.125-134
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• 2005

Recently, there have been reported on the results that the material life is reduced by fretting conditions and the initial crack made by low stress under fretting. The purpose of this paper is to show that the results of finite element analysis for the fretting contact problems of a flat rounded punch are nearly consistent with the theoretical solutions and to research that the results about effects of the contact zone according to geometries and mechanical properties of pad.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.464-469
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• 2000

In order to analyze effectively the discontinuous parts such as holes or notches included in mechanical structures by the finite element method, a singular finite element for orthotropic materials. is proposed. This singular element is formulated by the Trefftz method and the hybrid variational principles, which the displacements and stresses are simultaneously assumed using the Trefftz functions. Through several numerical tests, it is shown that the proposed singular element is very efficient for the accurate stress analysis of the various types of discontinuous parts.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.141-147
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• 1997

For the effective finite element analysis of the structures including material interfaces or contact surfaces, interface elements are proposed. Most of early works in this problem require not only iterative computation but also complex formulation because of the kinematic nonlinearities caused from the discontinuous behavior and the stress concentration phenomena. The proposed elements, however, are consistently formulated using relative displacements and tractions between top and bottom regular finite elements. The effectiveness of these elements are shown by solving various numerical sample problems including an leaf spring and comparing with results of general finite element analysis. As a result, more stable solutions are conveniently obtaines using interface elements than regular finite elements.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 1988

The purpose of this paper is to apply the boundary element method to predict the crack growth path. The quarter point element with traction singularity at the crack tip is applied to compact tension type specimens and two inclined slit problems under compression load. The maximum stress criterion which was originally derived for the crack initiation is extended to the analysis of the crack propagation. The predicted crack paths with 1/4 crack growth increment of initial crack length agree quite well with experimental results. It is found that the computed crack path of the boundary element analysis is not mainly affected by the crack increment length.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.98-105
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• 1998

In this study, the boundary element analysis in dynamics for the multilayered semi-infinite plane is developed using the fundamental solution for moving loads. Also the indirect method and superposition method are introduced to consider the multilayered systems and moving loads. At each layer the fundamental solution can be obtained by solving the governing equation which is transformed by the Fourier transform. The governing equation can be solved by three conditions; continuity conditions of displacement and stress, the traction free condition at the surface and the radiation condition at the surface and the radiation condition at the infinite distance. To verify the solution and the developed algorithm, the theoretical solution for the homogeneous layer and commercial FEM program is compared with the results of this study.