• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2011

There are always many kinds of risks in software development such as frequent changes of requirements. Especially those risks related to the software characteristic of non-visibility can be threat to the project success. That lead us to the need of process implementation to reduce and minimize those risks. Although, most of the organization recognizes the importance of risk management, actual implementation requires professional knowledge in this area. CMMI, the de facto standard in process reference model, also emphasizes on risk management process area but only provides goals and practices to be implemented, not detail procedure and methods. In this paper, we developed Risk management implementation model based on IDEAL, the process improvement model based on CMMI. The proposed model will help the organizations to implement risk management process which is proper to their situation in the factor of organization size and project characteristics.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Human genomic DNA is continuously attacked by oxygen radicals originated from cellular metabolic processes and numerous environmental carcinogens. 2-deoxyribonolactone (dL) is a major type of oxidized abasic (AP) lesion implicated in DNA strand scission, mutagenesis, and formation of covalent DNA-protein crosslink (DPC) with DNA polymerase (Pol) ${\beta}$. We show here that human DNA polymerase (Pol)${\iota}$ and mitochondrial $Pol{\gamma}$ give rise to stable DNA-protein crosslink (DPC) formation that is specifically mediated by dL lesion. $Pol{\gamma}$ mediates DPC formation at the incised dL residue by its 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (dRP) lyase activity, while $Pol{\gamma}$ cross links with dL thorough its intrinsic dRP lyase and AP lyase activities. Reactivity in forming dL-mediated DPC was significantly higher with $Pol{\gamma}$ than with $Pol{\iota}$. DPC formation by $Pol{\gamma}$, however, can be reduced by an accessory factor of $Pol{\gamma}$ holoenzyme that may attenuate deleterious effects of crosslink adducts on mitochondrial DNA. Comparative kinetic analysis of DPC formation showed that the rate of DPC formation with either $Pol{\iota}$ or $Pol{\gamma}$ was lower than that with $Pol{\beta}$. These results revealed that the activity of catalytic lyase in DNA polymerases determine the efficiency of DPC formation with dL damages. Irreversible crosslink formation of such DNA polymerases by dL lesions may result in a prolonged strand scission and a suicide of DNA repair proteins, both of which could pose a threat to the genetic and structural integrity of DNA.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2016

The ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum is the most common pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease for major cereal crops worldwide. FHB causes significant crop losses by reducing grain yield and quality as well as contaminating cereals with trichothecenes and zearalenone (ZEA) that pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. ZEA is a causative agent of hyperestrogenic syndrome in mammals and can result in reproductive disorders in farm animals. In F. graminearum, the ZEA biosynthetic cluster is composed of four genes, PKS4, PKS13, ZEB1, and ZEB2, which encode a reducing polyketide synthase, a nonreducing polyketide synthase, an isoamyl alcohol oxidase, and a transcription factor, respectively. Although it is known that ZEB2 primarily acts as a regulator of ZEA biosynthetic cluster genes, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains undetermined. In this study, two isoforms (ZEB2L and ZEB2S) from the ZEB2 gene in F. graminearum were characterized. It was revealed that ZEB2L contains a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA-binding domain at the N-terminus, whereas ZEB2S is an N-terminally truncated form of ZEB2L that lacks the bZIP domain. Interestingly, ZEA triggered the induction of both ZEB2L and ZEB2S transcription. In ZEA producing condition, the expression of ZEB2S transcripts via alternative promoter usage was directly or indirectly initiated by ZEA. Physical interaction between ZEB2L and ZEB2L as well as between ZEB2L and ZEB2S was observed in the nucleus. The ZEB2S-ZEB2S interaction was detected in both the cytosol and the nucleus. ZEB2L-ZEB2L oligomers activated ZEA biosynthetic cluster genes, including ZEB2L. ZEB2S inhibited ZEB2L transcription by forming ZEB2L-ZEB2S heterodimers, which reduced the DNA-binding activity of ZEB2L. This study provides insight into the autoregulation of ZEB2 expression by alternative promoter usage and a feedback loop during ZEA production.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37C no.10
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• pp.949-964
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• 2012

Our PC have been under constant threat of malicious codes and viruses today. As many new ways of cyber attacks are being developed, such as zero-day-attack, nobody's PC is guaranteed to be safe from the attacks. In case where a user uses the existing verification protocol on a unsecured PC, the user's verification information may well be threatened by sniffing or man-in-the-middle attack. Especially, deadly attacks like memory hacking would give hard time for users to even recognize any symptom of virus infection. Therefore, this paper designs secured QR-Login user verification protocol for smart devices that are ready to communicate with QR-Code and proposes a way to keep critical data safe when using the internet. This way, user would be able to safeguard his/her critical data even when under attack by unknown attacks and safely carry out extremely sensitive task, like financial trading, on the device.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.232-242
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• 2021

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is a severe infectious disease of apple whose infective area is growing gradually and thus poses a huge economic threat to the world. Different species of Colletotrichum including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are responsible for GLS. For efficient GLS control, it is important to understand the mechanism by which the cruciferous crops and C. gloeosporioides interact. Arginine is among one of the several types of amino acids, which plays crucial role in biochemical and physiological functions of fungi. The arginine biosynthesis pathway involved in virulence among plant pathogenic fungi is poorly understood. In this study, CgCPS1 gene encoding carbamoyl phosphate synthase involved in arginine biosynthesis has been identified and inactivated experimentally. To assess the effects of CgCPS1, we knocked out CgCPS1 in C. gloeosporioides and evaluated its effects on virulence and stress tolerance. The results showed that deletion of CgCPS1 resulted in loss of pathogenicity. The ∆cgcps1 mutants showed slow growth rate, defects in appressorium formation and failed to develop lesions on apple leaves and fruits leading to loss of virulence while complementation strain (CgCPS1-C) fully restored its pathogenicity. Furthermore, mutant strains showed extreme sensitivity to high osmotic stress displaying that CgCPS1 plays a vital role in stress response. These findings suggest that CgCPS1 is major factor that mediates pathogenicity in C. gloeosporioides by encoding carbamoyl phosphate that is involved in arginine biosynthesis and conferring virulence in C. gloeosporioides.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

Humans have anxieties as well as expectations for artificial intelligence. This study attempted to identify the expectation and anxiety factors affecting the attitude toward artificial intelligence innovation and to ascertain how much influence they have on current artificial intelligence innovation. This study considered that attitudes toward artificial intelligence may be different for each generation sharing a similar technology change culture. Therefore, the researchers limited the research subjects to I generation, which is the main users of artificial intelligence in the future. As a main result, the factors of expectiation of 'performance gain', 'positive social impact', and the factor of anxiety of 'threat to human-oriented social value' were drawn, and these factors influenced weak and strong artificial intelligence respectively. The results of this study suggests that artificial intelligence should develop into a pleasant relationship with humankind.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.439-456
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• 2021

Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC) has high morbidity and mortality and is a serious threat to public health. The flavonoid compound vitexin is known to exhibit anti-tumor activity. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of vitexin in GC and its underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: The viability, migration, and invasion of GC cells were determined using MTT, scratch wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. Target molecule expression was determined by western blotting. Tumor growth and liver metastasis were evaluated in vivo using nude mice. Protein expression in the tumor tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: Vitexin inhibited GC cell viability, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a dose-dependent manner. Vitexin treatment led to the inactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway by repressing HMGB1 expression. Vitexin-mediated inhibition in proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of GC cells were counteracted by hyper-activation of PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway or HMGB1 overexpression. Finally, vitexin inhibited the xenograft tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo by suppressing HMGB1 expression. Conclusions: Vitexin inhibited the malignant progression of GC in vitro and in vivo by suppressing HMGB1-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Thus, vitexin may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of GC.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.7-15
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• 2022

Recently, due to the development of AI and big data technologies following the advent of the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the emerging metaverse industry is emerging as a new business, and in particular, from this point of view, this paper analyzes the history of metaverse and the pros and cons of "Geppetto", which is the most popular in the Korean metaverse market, and aims to give an appropriate direction for future development based on this. In order to carry out this study, we first used SWOT analysis techniques as an initial enterprise analysis method to examine the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threat requirements, and derive the status of each factor. Based on the factors in each of the subsequent derivatives, we wanted to explore the TOWS development strategy and present significant implications based on this.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

This study analyzed the policy dilemma for ICT SMEs venture companies that changed after COVID-19 based on the results of the cognitive map analysis for ICT SMEs venture policies. First, as a result of analyzing the cognitive map of ICT SMEs venture companies that have changed since COVID-19, ICT venture companies are expanding support for ICT venture companies due to the threat of COVID-19. However, in order to convert COVID-19 into an opportunity factor, it also shows a policy direction to achieve innovative growth by creating a new market through non-face-to-face industry revitalization based on digital transformation (digital new deal). As a result of the study, the policy measures of supporting DNA-centered convergence innovation technology, digital transformation (digital new deal), fostering ICT startups (K-Global project), and expanding support for ICT SMEs did not have a policy dilemma. However, although many support has been expanded for ICT SMEs due to COVID-19, it is difficult to find and foster ICT start-up companies, and globalization problems are occurring due to the decrease in exports to COVID-19, making it difficult to create new markets. There is a negative (-) perception of causality that ICT SMEs venture companies may face risks as jobs decrease and innovative growth cannot be led to the revitalization of the non-face-to-face industry. Therefore, it was found that both the flow of causal relationship between the expansion of support for ICT SMEs and the high growth of ICT SMEs is not + and has a policy dilemma in part.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2021

Lung cancer despite advancement in the medical field continues to be a major threat to human lives and accounts for a high proportion of fatalities caused by cancers globally. The current study investigated vanillin oxime, a derivative of vanillin, against lung cancer cells for development of treatment and explored the mechanism. Cell viability changes by vanillin oxime were measured using MTT assay. Vanillin oxime-mediated apoptosis was detected in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells at 48 h of exposure by flow cytometry. The CEBP homologous protein (CHOP) and death receptor 5 (DR5) levels were analysed by RT-PCR and protein levels by Western blotting. Vanillin oxime in concentration-dependent way suppressed A549 and NCI-H2170 cell viabilities. On exposure to 12.5 and 15 μM concentrations of vanillin oxime elevated Bax, caspase-3, and -9 levels in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells were observed. Vanillin oxime exposure suppressed levels of Bcl-2, survivin, Bcl-xL, cFLIP, and IAPs proteins in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells. It stimulated significant elevation in DR4 and DR5 levels in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells. In A549 and NCI-H2170 cells vanillin oxime exposure caused significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in CHOP and DR5 mRNA expression. Vanillin oxime exposure of A549 and NCI-H2170 cells led to significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in levels of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Thus, vanillin oxime inhibits pulmonary cell proliferation via induction of apoptosis through tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mediated pathway. Therefore, vanillin oxime may be studied further to develop a treatment for lung cancer.