• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.157-172
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to improve middle students'mathematical communication ability. We designed the mathematics instruction model based on Vygotsky's ZPD to develop the mathematical communication ability, and applied to 2nd grade students in Middle School. And we investigated the significant differences between the group which was instructed with mathematical communication and the group which was instructed with teacher's traditional explanation in aspects of learning achievement, mathematical disposition, and mathematical communication abilities. The results of the study are as follows : 1. There is no significant difference in learning achievement within significance level .05 between the group which was instructed with mathematical communication and the group which was instructed with teacher's traditional explanation by t-test. 2. There is a significant difference in reflection within significance level .01 and in self-confidence within significance level .10 by MANCOVA. 3. There is a significant difference in mathematical communication ability within significance level .01 between two groups by covariance analysis. In particular, there is a significant difference in reading within significance level .01 and in speaking within significance level .05 by t-test.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent the teacher's guides for science based on the 7th national curricula were utilized and what problems there were, in an effort to propose in which way they should be prepared and arranged to be of substantial use to teachers. For that purpose, the contents of the 7th teacher's guides for science were analyzed. Surveys and interviews were carried out to find out how many teachers used each of the areas included in them and what their needs were. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 9.0. The findings of this study were as follows: Many teachers utilize the teacher's guides in science more frequently than in other subjects, and they found them much more helpful to preparing for instructions. But many of them didn't utilize the standards of evaluation on science that were suggested in the teacher’s guides, and this is why the guides seem just to give theoretical explanation about how to assess, which was neither practical nor substantial. It's required to provide more concrete and detailed examples for each of the units. They felt a higher need for alternative experiments and substitute materials, especially in biology unit because of the different conditions of each school or each local community. In short, teacher's guides should include more diverse and ample materials in response to the teacher's needs, moreover teachers should reconstruct the teaching materials and then teach more creatively.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2005

Two hundred ten kindergarten teachers participated in this investigation of the relationship between kindergarten teacher's achievement orientation and teacher efficacy. Instruments were the Teacher Efficacy Scale(Lee, 2002) and the Goal Orientation Scale(Lee, 2002). Data analyzed by ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that more highly educated and older teachers were more highly oriented toward mastery goals. Teacher high in mastery and in performance orientation exhibited higher efficacy while low mastery oriented teachers were low in efficacy. The influence of performance goal orientation significantly explained the variance in teacher efficacy. The incremental explanation on teacher efficacy by achievement goal orientation after controlling for demographic variables was statistically significant.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.709-721
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• 2004

This study explored the relationship between argumentation and the conceptual change model in a science teacher's explanations. Ten audiotape recordings (about 9 hours) collected in a high school physics classroom were all transcribed. The transcripts were analyzed using the components of Toulmin's argument framework and two constructs of the conceptual change model: the status of a conception, and the conceptual ecology. This analysis reveals that there are dynamic relationships among Toulmin's argument components, the status of a conception, and the conceptual ecology. The episode extracted from the transcripts shows the science teacher's explanations in the flow of classroom discourse, as directed and guided by her, presenting the intelligibility or plausibility of a conception by using warrants or backings such as examples or anomalies, two components of conceptual ecology.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2010

This study examined how the quality of teacher-child interactions and the teachers' beliefs about their influence on children's social behaviors were related to children's social behaviors. The subjects were 206 children at the age of five and 52 of their teachers in 49 daycare centers. Children's social behaviors were recorded using observational categories. The quality of teacher-child interactions was measured by a rating scale that originated from the OSDCP (Rhee et al., 2003). The results were as follows: 1) Children who experienced high-quality interactions with their teachers showed fewer purposeless solitary behaviors and negative behaviors toward their peers and interacted toward their teachers more frequently than did those who experienced low-quality interactions with their teachers. 2) Children whose teachers believed that they had a great deal of influence on children's social behaviors displayed fewer purposeless solitary behaviors and more positive behaviors toward peers than did children whose teachers considered their influence less important. 3) After controlling the contributions of children's gender and teacher's training experience, the quality of teacher-child interactions and teachers' beliefs explained about 14% of the total variance of children's purposeless solitary behaviors. In addition, the quality of teacher-child interactions and teachers' beliefs accounted for 6% of the total variance of children's positive behaviors toward peers. Also, the amount of explanation of the predictive variables accounts for 9% of the total variance of children's behaviors toward their teachers.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2007

From a social constructivists' perspective, knowledge is not transmitted by language but it is constructed by social interactions with others. That is, it is viewed in social constructivism that learning is a process in which knowledge is constructed by communicative interactions with more capable others. In this vein, a class might be analyzed and characterized in terms of interactional patterns of teacher-student and student-student in class. For this, a primary math class was selected and observed and it was analyzed by the Flanders category system to investigate the effects of the math teaching based on verbal interactions on the learning of math. The class was taught in a teacher-centered and direct way but in the class math knowledge was taught through univocal communications in the form of question-answer. The results of this study appeared to suggest that verbal interactional patterns should take place frequently in math teaching in the sequence of a teacher's questions$\to$students' extensive responses $\to$ positive feedback for the students' responses by the teacher $\to$ the acceptance of the students' responses $\to$ the teacher's explanation or students' questions. In other words, math might be taught more effectively through the verbal discourse patterns proposed in this study.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-160
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• 2022

본 연구는 5, 6학년 수학 교사용 지도서의 도전 수학에 나타난 수학적 사고의 유형을 분석하여 교육적 시사점을 논하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 교수·학습 내용을 바탕으로 평가 및 육성이 가능한 수학적 사고의 유형을 정리하고, 수학적 사고를 분석하기 위한 틀을 구상한 뒤, 초등학교 5, 6학년 수학 교사용 지도서의 '도전 수학'에 나타나는 수학적 사고를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 우리나라 초등학교 5, 6학년 수학 교사용 지도서의 '도전 수학'은 계획 수립, 실행의 단계에서는 다양한 수학적 사고를 지도할 수 있는 여러 가지 유형의 문제로 구성이 되어있다. 다만 자세한 보조문항으로 인하여 의도된 수학적 사고만이 발현될 것이 우려되며, 스스로 수학적 사고를 유발할 수 있는지는 불분명한 경우가 많았다. 둘째, 교사용 지도서의 문제 이해 단계와 반성 단계의 발문이 매우 전형적으로 제시됨으로써 해당 단계에서는 다양한 수학적 사고를 유발하기 어렵다. 셋째, 교사용 지도서에는 수학적 사고에 대한 명시적 설명이 부족하며 추후 개발될 교사용 지도서에서는 수학적 사고에 대한 명시적 설명을 보완해 주는 것이 필요할 것이다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2013

Thise study is designed to demonstrate the influence of socio-demographic variables(age, education, career history and marital Status), alexithymia, burnout, and adult attachment on child disciplinary styles; childcare teachers in charge of young children were studied. The purpose of the study is to provide information about the desirable disciplinary styles of a childcare teacher in order to strengthen the quality of childcare education. The data collected in this study showed the following results: First, the age, education, career history and marital status of a teacher produced good results statistically irrelevant to the their child disciplinary style. Second, a high level of negative correlation was found among alexithymia, burnout, adult attachment and the child disciplinary style of a childcare teacher. In other words, if a teacher shows a high level of alexithymia, burnout, and adult attachment, it is likely that the teacher's child disciplinary style is coercive and neglect, and the teacher tends to give an illogical explanation. Third, in contrast to the other variables, burnout and adult attachment have a greater effect on child disciplinary style than alexithymia.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 1996

In Korea, previous survey in science education mainly dealt with Quantitative variables. Qualitative ethnographic observation can bring deeper understanding of the context of school lesson and it's feature. The purpose of this study was to develop qualitative understanding about the learning experiences provided in middle school and students' responses to them through observation and interview and to investigate it from a constructivist perspective. Six lessons of the 9th grade were observed and recorded on the video tape. The topics of the lessons were potential energy, kinetic energy and conservation of mechanical energy. We had also unstructured interview with the teacher and three groups of students. The teacher's deductive explanation starting from scientific definition and quantitative problem solving using formula were the main features of the classroom lectures. The video - watching lesson was taking the role of a break rather than being seen as a useful tool for science learning and teaching by both students and the teacher. The teacher's perception about the lab experiment was not supported by the responses from the students. The teacher and students preferred problem-book to textbook for their teaching and learning. From a constructivist's perspective, however the teacher seemed to have intention of introducing daily life context, he couldn't unfold it to main context of the lessons. Students were so accustomed to passive learning that they did not express directly their complaint about their learning and did not participate in planing and controling their learning. The teacher and the students believed the scientific knowledge came from an exact experiment. There was a cooperation to seek right answer rather than a social process of making sense of knowledge. In conclusion, the observed science lessons of a middle school showed typical cross section of teacher - centered, passive learning environment, which is far from constructivist perspective.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.192-212
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• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 2015 개정 과학과 교육과정에 따라 개발된 3~4학년군 국정 및 검정 지도서 8종의 총론 그리고 각론의 지구와 우주 영역 4개 단원의 단원 목표, 단원 평가, 차시 목표 및 차시 평가에서 다루어진 과학적 태도의 행동 요소 분석을 통해 향후 지도서 개발을 위한 시사점을 도출하는 것으로, 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다: 첫째, 분석 대상 지도서 8종 중 5종(62.5%)이 총론에서 과학적 태도와 행동 요소에 대해 매우 간략하게 설명하고 있고 이에 대해 비교적 자세하게 설명한 지도서 3종도 이에 대한 지도 및 평가를 위한 실제적인 정보는 미흡한 편이다; 둘째, 지도서 각론 4개 단원의 단원 목표의 경우 지도서 5종(62.5%)은 호기심, 협동심, 객관성, 비판성, 증거의 존중 중 3~4가지 행동 요소를 포함하고 있고 그 나머지 지도서 3종(37.5%)은 행동 요소로 호기심만 포함하고 있거나 태도에 대한 내용 없이 지식과 탐구만을 포함하고 있거나 단원 목표 항목 자체가 없다; 셋째, 분석 대상 지도서 8종 중 1종(12.5%)만이 단원 평가에 해당하는 독자적인 항목을 포함하고 있고, 그 내용으로 과학적 태도의 행동 요소도 포함하고 있는데, 이 행동 요소는 단원 목표에서의 과학적 태도의 행동 요소와도 대체로 일치하는 편이다; 넷째, 차시 목표의 경우, 지도서 3종(37.5%)에는 호기심, 협동심, 객관성 및 비판성 중 3~4개의 행동 요소가 반영되어 있고 나머지 5종(62.5%)에는 호기심만 포함되어 있다; 다섯째, 차시 평가의 경우, 지도서 8종 중 5종(62.5%)에서 3~4가지 과학적 태도의 행동 요소가 평가되고 있고, 2종(25.0%)에는 호기심과 협동심 두 가지 행동 요소만 평가되고 있으며, 1종(12.5%)에는 전혀 평가되고 있지 않다.