• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.303-313
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• 1997

We developed the shoes which is specially designed to decrease the leg's fatness during walking and to improve the body figure. The analysis of the gait cycle and the shoes gave changes at the swing phase. We examined the results to 30 girl students of Yeong Dong Junior College for 5 weeks from 27, October to 29, Nobember in 1996, and the results were also obtained in decrease of their thigh's size in circumference. The results of the analysis are as followings; 1) After experiment circumference of the right thigh was decreased 0.04cm in noncontrol group and significantly decreased 1.04 cm in control group(p<0.01). 2) After experiment circumference of the left thigh was decreased 0.27 cm in noncontrol group and significantly decreased 1.17cm in control group(p<0.01). 3) After experiment circumference of the right calf of the leg decreased 0.09 cm in noncontrol group and significantly decreased 0.54 cm in control group(p<0.01). 4) After experiment circumference of the left calf of the leg decreased 0.21 cm in noncontrol group and significantly decreased 0.47 cm in control group. 5) After experiment body weight were not changed significantly in both group. In these results, if the people want to exercise the analysis of fat in the thigh, put on the shoes which improves the body figure and do daily work, and it will be naturally decreased the fat in thigh and they will maintain the beauty lines of the legs. There weren't any changes in the body weight while the fat of thigh in circumsference was analysed and decreased. It means that because the weight of the fat is very light, there weren't any changes in body weight.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.447-455
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to analyze the difference in kinematic variables for successful and unsuccessful golf putting strokes. The study population included 8 male secondary school golf players who had played golf for over 3 years and whose handicap was 4 or lower. A hole was made on a 5-m-long artificial flat mat for practice, and an environment similar to that of a real green was created. The participants' motions were analyzed through 3D image analysis, and the difference in kinematic variables for successful and unsuccessful putting strokes in the same direction was determined. Data analysis revealed the following findings: The time spent for a segment of putting was the greatest for the backswing segment for both successful and unsuccessful strokes. During address and impact, the both changed to a larger extent. For successful putting strokes, the change in the elbow angle during the downswing was greater for the right elbow than for the left elbow. For both successful and unsuccessful putting strokes, the left shoulder angle increased during the segment from address to the turning point and decreased during the segment from the turning point to impact. In contrast, the right shoulder angle significantly differed between successful and unsuccessful putting strokes only during address. During successful and unsuccessful motions, the swing was executed with the moving displacement of the X-axis of the club head maintained almost constant along a straight light without back and forth movement. In the backswing segment, moving displacement of the Y- and Z-axes was greater in successful strokes than in unsuccessful strokes; however, this difference was very small for the Y-axis. The velocity of the club head for successful and unsuccessful motions significantly differed during address and at the turning point. The highest velocity of the ball was greater for successful than for unsuccessful putting strokes.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제47권10호
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• pp.687-694
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• 2019

초경량 항공기 구조의 날개 보로 사용되는 원통형 복합재료 날개 보는 굽힘 모멘트와 전단하중을 동시에 받고 있는 구조물이다. 하지만 기존의 일반 원통형 보는 상하부의 굽힘 모멘트, 좌우부의 전단하중을 지지하는 구조적 특성을 고려하지 못하므로 비효율적일 수 있다. 따라서 섬유각 또는 복합재료를 적절히 배열하여 효율적으로 구조물을 만드는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 원통형 복합재료 보의 굽힘강도와 전단강도의 증가를 위해 보의 단면을 상하좌우로 분할하여 적층순서를 달리함으로써 효율적인 하중지지가 가능하게 하였다. 상용 프로그램 MSC/NASTRAN을 이용한 구조해석을 통해 원호 분할각과 섬유각에 따른 수직변위, 수직변형률, 전단변형률 계산하였다. 계산 결과에 따르면 새롭게 제안된 원통형 보의 분할각과 섬유 방향각을 선택하여 구조 강도를 증가시킬 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2007

The aim of the present study was to investigate age-related differences in stepping behavior in response to sensory perturbations of postural balance. The participants for this study were 2 healthy elderly adults (mean age=76.0) and 2 younger adults (mean age=25.5). Subjects were asked to step over a 10 cm high obstacle at self-paced speed with the right limb to land on the primary target (normal step length) that is 10 cm in diameter. However, if, during movement, the light was illuminated, then the subject had to step on the secondary target (long step length). It was planned that the onset of the light would be prior to peak Fx of swing limb, between swing peak Fx and swing toe-off, and after swing toe-off. In the younger adults these secondary visual cues were provided at mean times of 240 ms (standard deviation (SD)=11), 402 ms (SD=13), and 476 ms (SD=88) following the movement onset. Corresponding mean times for the healthy elderly were 150 ms (SD=67), 352 ms (SD=39), and 562 ms (SD=115). Results showed great changes in both group and visual cue condition in Fx ground reaction forces and temporal events following the swing toe-off. Swing limb acceleration force (Fx) and stance peak Fx1 was much greater in the young adults compared to the older adults. Both young and older adults increased stance peak Fx2 in the visual cue condition compared to normal stepping. There was no difference in stance peak Fx2 between the visual cue conditions in both groups. Similarly, the time to stance peak Fx2 was much longer for the visual cue condition than for the normal stepping. It was not different between the visual cue conditions in the young adults, but in the elderly mid and late cue was much greater than early cue. In addition, time to stance peak Fx2 and swing and stance time were much longer in the older adults compared to the young adults for the visual cue conditions. These results suggest that unlike young adults, elderly adults did not flexibly modify their responses to unexpected changes in step length while stepping over obstacles.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.283-299
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to observe early connective tissue attachment on dentin surface treated with citric acid, tetracycline, and fibrin sealants and compare their conditioning effects on dentin surface. Experimental dentin blocks conditioned with citric acid, tetracycline or fibrin sealant, and only root planned control block were surgically implanted in the pouch under buccal mucoperiosteal flaps of left mandible, right maxilla, left maxilla, right mandible of 18 male rabbits. Rabbits were sacrificed after 1 and 6 hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after implantation and then specimens including dentin block and surrounding soft tissue were obtained, and prepared for light and transmission electron microscopic examination. 1 and 6 hours after dentin block implantation, there was plasma proteins adsorption followed by fibrin clot formation and no differences among specimens. At the 1-day observation interval, delicate fibrin network was observed in the all groups, and there were proliferative fibroblasts, angiogenesis and macrophage in the all 3-day specimens. Cellular aggregates and abundant connective tissue adhered dentin surface and tetracycline or citric acid treated group showed much proliferative fibroblast and abundant collagen fibers at 1 week. But at 2 week, citric acid treated group showed much proliferative fibroblast and abundant collagen fibers. These observations suggested that new connective tissue attachment to dentin was initiated by the adsorption of plasma proteins to the dentin surface and followed by fibrin clot formation. Tetracycline and citric acid seemed to make dentin surface more biologically favorable for the connective tissue attachment.

• 치과방사선
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.317-326
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to establish the principle and the clinical application of dynamic tomogram of a human head by using the dental machine. For this study, a block of wax with details lying at three parallel planes and a human dry skull were used. This experiment was reexamined the dynamic tomogram with specialized radiographic device and view box, and the radiograms taken by the change of exposure time according to the numbers of film used in x-ray taking and taken according to the change of kVp and the types of film were analyzed density with the densitometer. From this study, the obtained results were as follows: 1. When the underexposed radiograms taken by angulation of clockwise and counter-clockwise direction of the film and skull. were superimposed and moved laterally, it was possible to focus on right and left jaws and teeth. 2. The superimposition of the two underexposed radiograms according to each condition of x-ray taking showed some differencies in density visually, and the measurement of density with the densitometer was 1.23 to 1.57 in 75kVp and 1.34 to 1.70 in 90kVp. 3. The superimposition of the two underexposed radiograms according to the kinds of x-ray film showed almost equal density visually, and the measurement of density with the densiometer was 1.34 to 1.37. 4. When seven radiograms taken by each condition of x-ray taking were superimposed on the view box, a intense rear light of view box didn't transilluminate film density regardless of the conditions of x-ray taking. Even though seven radiograms taken according to types of film were superimposed on the view box, a more intense rear light of view box was required to transilluminate total density of films. 6. Long film-object distance resulted in the enlargement and blurring of radiographic images.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제55권
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• pp.155-181
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• 2012

This study considered as precautions in light of practical affairs related to a claim for damages focusing on CISG (1980) and PICC (2004). Given summarizing contents of this study, those are as follows. First, when exercising a claim for damages, proving the damages may be difficult and hard. Thus, there is necessity for stating the liquidated damages clause in contract given conclusion of contract. Second, as for the application of interest rate given a claim for interest, CISG is not covered interest rate. PICC is covered interest rate. However, there is possibility that PICC will not be applied as general principles. Thus, to remove this insecurity and uncertainty, there is necessity for stating this in contract by deciding on the detailed standard stipulation after fully discussing about interest payment with the counterpart given sale contract. Third, when a seller delivered non-conformity of the goods for contract, a buyer is desirable to exercise by discreetly judging the exercise method or limitation element on a problem of selecting and exercising remedy favorable to oneself out of a claim for damages and a right to reduce the price. Finally, There was suggestion that the contract parties are desirable to utilize by modifying and supplementing properly this in line with own business-based necessity and situation based on the ICC Model International Sale Contract, and to state CISG and PICC the governing law clause, in preparing contract. This study is expected to possibly become guideline in which the damaged party exercises a claim for damages or aims to cope with the counterpart's exercising a claim for damages.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2021

This study aims to report a case of oculomotor nerve palsy with mydriasis improved by Sa-Am acupuncture (大腸正格). The patient visited our clinic due to Right oculomotor nerve palsy with symptoms such as periocular pain, diplopia, vertigo, ptosis, eye adduction disorder, and mydriasis on November 11th, 2019. For the treatment, Sa-Am acupuncture (大腸正格) which used to give a significant effect on eye diseases and headaches and to remove toxins from the body was performed every time the patient visited the clinic. About a month after the treatment, ptosis disappeared, and eye adduction disorder also changed from -2 to 2 points, showing a significant improvement. Subjective symptoms such as vertigo, diplopia, and eye pain also significantly decreased from 13 to 4 points. At the second month of treatment, the eye adduction disorder improved to a normal level, and subjective ocular discomforts disappeared. The pupil size decreased from 5 mm to 2.5 mm. After 3-4 months from the start of treatment, most of the symptoms including the light reflex returned to normal. After a total of 32 acupunctures treatment, subjective symptoms such as periocular pain, diplopia and vertigo, as well as ptosis and eye adduction disorder disappeared, and the pupil size, including the light reflex, also improved to the normal level.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.370-380
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• 1991

This article is intended to study histopathological and immunohistochemical response after autogenous full-thickenss skin graft in rat. 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as the experimental animals. A $1Cm{\times}1Cm$ skin(0.7mm diameter) was taken on the right inguinal area of the rat. Another full-thickeness skin graft($1Cm{\times}1Cm$) was taken from the left inguinal area of the rat. And it was transplanted to the right inguinal area of the rat. The left side wound was closed directly. Light microscopic observation was made at the postoperative $1^{\circ}3^{\circ}8^{\circ}16$ day, after the hematoxylin - Eosin staining of the 4u-thick paraffin embedded specimens and the immunoshitochemical staining of the 10u-thick frozen specimens with mouse anti-rat monoclone antibodies and ABC staining kit. The results were as follows. 1. Electromicroscopic studies revealed interstitial tissue bleeding of transplanted autogenous skin. The response was severe in the 1 day group after operation, moederate in 3 day group, mild in 8 day group, and almost resovled in the 16 days group. 2. Electromicrospic studied also revealed a mild monocyte response in the 3 day and 8 day group. A histiocytic infiltrate was observed. There was a mild response in the 3 day group and moderate response in the 8 day group. 3. Immunohistochmically studies revealed a few pan T cells in the 1 day group, mild appearance of pen T cells and cytotoxic T cells in the 3 day group, a moderate infiltrate of pan T cells and helper T cells in the 8 day group, and total resolution of pan T cells in the 16 day group. 4. According to these finding, a strong inflammatory response was observed around transplanted autogenous skin in the 3 & 8 day groups. In the 16 day group this response had resolved histopathologically and immunohistologically.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.546-550
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• 2014

To investigate the minimum near-infrared ray intensity required (quantifiable threshold value) for consistent measurements of axial length (AL) using partial coherence interferometry (PCI), we attached two polarizing lenses (PL) to two types of PCI (IOLmaster, ALscan). The near-infrared ray intensity of PCI was modified by rotating the axis of one PL at intervals of 5 degrees. The right eye of each volunteer was measured three times and the AL and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was recorded five times for each measurement. Reduction of light intensity was theoretically estimated using Malus' Law. AL was measured consistently with both IOLmaster and ALscan until they reached 55 degrees (1.33 % of intensity) and 60 degrees (0.77%), respectively (P = 0.343, Log-rank test). In contrast, SNR decreased as light intensity decreased. In addition, to analyze media opacities that precluded measurement of AL, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients unmeasurable by PCI (ALscan) from May to November 2013. Thirty-eight of 473 eyes (8.0%) could not be measured using ALscan due to media opacities, such as severe posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC, 11 eyes), hypermature cataract (9 eyes), and vitreous hemorrhage (18 eyes). The mean grades of vitreous haze and PSC were $7.72{\pm}0.96$ and $4.45{\pm}1.04$, respectively. In conclusion, up to 0.77-1.33% of near-infrared rays decreased, and AL could be measured consistently.