• 대한수학회보
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.1025-1034
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• 2023

Let U be the restricted quantized enveloping algebra Ũ_q(𝖘𝖑₂) over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, where q is a primitive 𝑙-th root of unity (with 𝑙 being odd and greater than 1). In this paper we show that any indecomposable submodule of U under the adjoint action is generated by finitely many special elements. Using this result we describe all ideals of U. Moreover, we classify annihilator ideals of simple modules of U by generators.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1259-1271
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• 2011

This study investigates and compares the changes of naturalism in fashion presented over a 30-year period to understand the diversity of naturalism in fashion. Data were collected from 59 volumes of the "Vogue" magazine for January and July in each year from 1980 to 2009. The data used for content analysis consists of 440 words and these were condensed into three periods according to decade(1980~1989, 1990~1999, and 2000~2009). The selected words were classified into four sub-themes according to the previous research definitions such as primitive look, natural look, eco look and handcrafted look. The results are as follows. First, naturalism of fashion was highly presented in the 1980s but the percentages of naturalism in three decades were all more or less similar. Especially, natural look appeared more in the 1980s and eco look was in the 1990s, while natural look, eco look and handcrafted look were found all together in the 2000s. Second, naturalism of fashion showed higher frequency of F/W seasons in the 1990s, while S/S seasons in the 1990s and 2000s. In particular, natural look was presented more at S/S seasons. The sub-themes coexistence were presented in the 24 seasons out of 59 seasons and showed more variously in the 2000s. Third, the words selected from sub-themes of naturalism in fashion demonstrated the differences by decade.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 1985

이 논문에서는 standard cell의 layout을 위한 doglegging을 하지 않는 channel 배선 시스템에 대하여 서술할 것이다. 이 시스템은 주어진 net list specification을 만족시키기 위하여, 각각 standard cell 의 직선 배열 결합인 두 row 사이의 구평 track에서 이층의 최종 배선 패턴을 만들어 준다. 이 논문에서 사용한 CMOS cell library는 9개의 기본 cell을 가지고 있으며, Mead-Cogway 방식에서의 A-2micron을 사용하여 CIF(Caltech Intermediate From) 형태로 표현되었다. Component library에는 각 cell 내의 pin들의 이름. 위치 및 layer type 등의 입출력 port 특성이 저장되어서, CROUT라는 channel routing program에서 입력 자료로 사용된다. 또 다른 program NETPLOT은 routing 결과를 개략적으로 도시하여 주며, NETCIF에서는 최종의 자세한 layout을 CIF file로 만들어 주고 있다. 기본 cell을 이온하여 set/reset이 있는 dynamic Raster-slave형 D flip-flop에 대한 channel routing의 경우 VAX l1/780 에서 4초의 CPU 시간이 소요되었다.

• 복식
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• 제30권
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• pp.227-237
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate the main characteristics of the environmentalism expressed in contemporary fashion. i.e. 'eco-look'. They can be categorized into naturalism symbolism primitiveness and concern about recycling. First naturalistic tendency can be found in through the method of some contemporary eco-looks which are using natural colors harmonisation of the colors in similarity and in controst and expressing in a realistic manner some natural entities or use some ornaments representing them. Such trends easily let people to feel the clothes unified with the nature and human beings. Secondly some contemporary eco-looks express environmentalistic ideas for examples the idea for protection of the nature or the idea against pollution of the earth and destruction of nature in a symbolistic way. Thirdly primitiveness is one of the most characteristic feature in contemporary eco-looks. It can be found in contemporary eco-looks, In can be found in some eco-looks using primitive or original images of Africa and underdeveloped countries. it reflects the human desire to go back to the nature or to the unity with the nature, Finally recycled materials are commonly used in eco-look. Patchwork and handmade knits are popular methods for this mode. They implicates the idea of pragmatism and simplicity in fashion. One Conclusion of the paper on eco-look: fashion design which can be itself an import-ant environment of human beings Secondly some contemporary eco-looks ex-press environmentalistic ideas for examples the idea for protection of the nature or the idea against pollution of the earth and destruction of nature in a symbolistic way. Thirdly primitiveness is one of the most characteristic feature in contemporary eco-looks. It can be found in some eco-looks using primitive or original images of Africa and underdeveloped countries. it reflects the human desire to go back to the nature or to the unity with the nature. Finally recycled materials are commonly used In eco-look Patchwork and handmade knits are popular methods for this mode. They implicates the idea of pragmatism and simplicity in fashion. One Conclusion of the paper on eco-look ; fashion design which can be itself an import-ant environment of human beings has become a very efficient and significant tool to express the idea of ecology.

• 복식
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2006

This study purposed to examine Korean people's white clothes custom historically and to explain the aesthetic consciousness latent in the custom. Korean people preferred white clothes, even up to foreigners called them White-clad folk. Not only as in old historical literatures, but also in Soo-suh, Shin-Dang-suh including Sam-Kuk-Ji in China, white clothes were a real symbol to Korean people, ranging chronically far back to the age of ancient tribal countries, Sam-Kuk Period through Koryo Dynasty and even to modern age near the end of Chosun Dynasty, wearing with pleasure regardless of age, sex or social position. Even King himself in Koryo Dynasty is said to have worn white clothes when he was out of official hours. During the Koryo and Chosun Dynasty, white clothes were sometimes prohibited for various reasons including conflicts with the theories of yin-yang and the five elements but such regulations were not effective. To Korean people, white clothes were ordinary people's everyday dress as well as noble people's plain suits, saints' uniforms with religious meanings, ceremonial costumes, funeral garments, etc. The various uses show that white clothes have been worn by many people. The unique custom that a People have worn white clothes consistently for such a long time may contain very deep symbolic meanings representing the people's sentiments and spirits. The present study understood that the meanings come from religious sacredness, magical wish for brightness, the pursuit of purity originating from the people's national traits, assimilation with nature and the will to attain whole ascetic personality. Aesthetic attitudes based on aesthetic values summed up as sacredness, brightness, purity, assimilation with nature, asceticism, etc. are the aesthetic consciousness pursued by Koreans through their white clothes. For Koreans, white color is the origin of their color sense coming from primitive religions such as worshipping the sun and the heaven. In this way, Korean people's preference for white clothes began with primitive religions, was mixed with various social, cultural and religious influences and finally was settled as their durable spirit, symbol and beauty.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2000

This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. Since the end of 20th century, the native ecology and landscape of Japan remained only a limited areas such as stream side, water side and forest areas. Therefore, recently the works of forest conservation and erosion control of environmental restoration on stream side tended to increased. The strategic prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows : 1. From the ecological point of view, we have to develop a certain method and technology in construction of forest conservation and erosion control to prevent environmental problem from erosion control works. 2. We have to restore not only a continuity of stream side forest from a primitive area to an estuary but also the stream side forest to preserve and restore a stream side vegetation on a primitive watershed areas. 3. We have to improve a method of construction or removal of a structure which were constructed in the stream to restore a water side environment and an interaction system for an integration on a forest land, stream, and erosion control. Additionally, we have to establish an integrated evaluation method and an enforcement system after investigation of influences on natural environment, stream, and forest etc. 4. We have to conduct an integrated research to investigate the ecosystem of stream side, and construct environmentally friendly water park and erosion control park which considered natural environment and its landscape. Additionally, we need to introduce and adopt a natural style stream construction method to restore a water side areas.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2006

본 논문에서 4족(quadruped) 동물들의 여러 가지 인스턴스(instance)들에 대한 '보행(walk)'의 모델링을 간단하게 하기 위한 방법이다. 최초의 클래스 계층에서 정교하게 모델화 된 4족 동물 사용에 의해 최초의 클래스 계층에서 정의 되어 지지 않은 새로운 하위 클래스의 인스턴스에 대해 쉽게 확장하는 '보행'의 모델을 제안한다. 이 방법을 얻기 위해서 분석된 walk의 패턴과 이전에 조사한 클래스 계층에서 연구되어진 4족 동물의 유사한 구조를 따라 분류하고 적용한다. 그리고 상위 클래스(super class)에서 상속되는 동작(action)에 대한 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문은 4족 동물의 특징들을 구체화함으로써 4족 동물의 'walk'를 모델화 하고 필요한 요인들을 정의하였다. 또한 '보행'의 파라메타들에 관한 도메인들을 사용하고 4족 동물의 전형적인 인스턴스들인 말과 소를 모델을 적용한다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.67-97
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• 2004

Practical experience with technology implementation of the upgrading of very small village industries in India suggests that innovation failures are not merely a result of the lack of proper interaction between the users and suppliers of technologies under implementation, but also a result of adoption of the primitive conception of competitiveness in their practice of technology development. The approach of promoting the small producers to become individually competitive by using labour intensive, small-scale intermediate technologies is proving to be totally inadequate for the achievement of technological efficiency in a dynamic sense. Guided by a primitive notion of competitiveness, the suppliers of intermediated technologies are thus being led into limiting their technological efforts in the sectors of direct interest to the rural industrial clusters to the transitional objectives of mainly poverty alleviation. Consequently they have not been able to target the small producers of these village industries for the objectives of business growth. This paper posits that under competitive conditions the self-employed small producer has not only to come together for access to resources, but also has to emerge as a multi-sectoral collective of producers, co-operating in production. With the aim to draw lessons that are generic and have policy implications for the development of innovation systems for local economy based rural industrial clusters and value chains, the author analyses in this paper the experience of innovation in technological systems for the sectors of leather, fruits and vegetable processing and agro processing by the People's Science Movement with the help of the Ministry of Science and Technology and other sectoral ministries in India where rural poor were required to pool the resources and capabilities for raising the scale and scope of their collective production organization.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2011

본 논문은 가상세계속의 가상인간의 다양한 행동들을 제한된 개수의 기본행동들로써 구현하고자 한다. 먼저 객체들의 속성과 행동 등을 통합적으로 나타내주는 지식베이스인 온톨로지를 사용하여 다양한 행동들을 행동계층구조로 조직하고 그 속에서 행동들은 세부 행동들로 구체화한다. 가상인간의 기본행동은 기초 동작들의 조합으로 만들어지고 기본행동들을 최대한 재사용함으로써 다양한 행동들을 효과적으로 구현할 수 있게 설계한다. 이 때 기본행동들을 정밀성이나 사실성보다 간소함과 다양성에 초점을 맞추어 구현하고자 한다. 이를 바탕으로 가상 에이전트들의 특성을 파악하고 특성에 따라 에이전트가 고유의 패턴을 가지고 동작을 생성하는 방법을 개발한다. 또한 가상의 에이전트가 주변의 정성적 변화에 적응하여 동작을 변화하는 방법을 제시한다. 이렇게 제시된 방법들을 인간의 실제 움직임들 즉, 걷기, 달리기, 던지기 등의 동작에 적용해 실현가능성을 검증한다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.151-154
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• 2009

기관지기원낭종은 primitive foregut의 발생학적 이상에 의해 형성되는 드문 질환이며, 주로 폐실질과 종격동에 발생한다. 피부나 피하조직에서 발생한 기관지기원낭종은 흔하지 않으며, 이 중 견갑부에 발생한 것은 매우 드문 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 20개월 된 남아의 좌측 견갑부에 발생한 기관지지원 낭종 1예를 보고하고자 한다. 환아는 피부과에서 절개 생검 및 소파술을 시행 받았고, 표피 낭종으로 진단되었다. 하지만 상흔 치유 도중 추가적인 낭성 종괴가 촉진되었다. MRI상 피하조직에 경계가 분명한 낭성 종괴가 관찰되었다. 절제된 낭종은 점액세포를 동반하는 pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium로 피복되어 있었으며, 기관지기원낭종으로 진단되었다.