• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.287-296
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• 2007

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the art has developed its artistic qualities in exercising an influence on the creative elements of the fashion. In this sense, the fashion is one of many methods of which given time's arts, their compositions, and elements can be expressed, recognized, and experienced. In this study, artworks of Roy Lichtenstein, who took the leading, active role of pop artist have been studied. The purpose of this study is to present practical application of the art and aesthetic and artistic application of clothing by studying and applying the factors of Roy's paintings. The conclusion through actual designing is as follows: First, Lichtenstein interested with the characteristic of print media. He combined the image of commercial technique with the traditional painting by using Ben-day dots. Second, he reduces his form and color to the simplest possible elements. Third, by applying Lichtenstein's works to fashion design, we can make creative and aesthetic fashion works. Fourth, his Ben-day dots and stripe was applied to variant dots and stripe pattern in the fashion design. Roy Lichtenstein is expected to continually affect modern fashion and also fashion of the future. Furthermore Lichtenstein's works are expected to be further studied under various methods and ways, and those aesthetic characteristics would be developed and expressed more in fashion design under various perspectives.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2017

Biocatalytic modification of natural resources can be used to generate novel compounds with specific properties, such as higher viscosity and reactivity. The production of hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), originally found in low quantities in plants, is a good example of the biocatalytic modification of natural vegetable oils. HFAs show high potential for application in a wide range of industrial products, including resins, waxes, nylons, plastics, lubricants, cosmetics, and additives in coatings and paintings. In a recent study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PR3 was used to produce 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) from oleic acid. This present study focused primarily on the utilization of three natural nut oils obtained from the Philippines -pili nut oil (PNO), palm oil (PO), and virgin coconut oil (VCO)- to produce DOD by P. aeruginosa strain PR3. Strain PR3 produced DOD from PNO and PO only, with PNO being the more efficient substrate. An optimization study to achieve the maximum DOD yield from PNO revealed the optimal incubation time and medium pH to be 48 h and 8.0, respectively. Among the carbon sources tested, fructose was the most efficiently used, with a maximum DOD production of 130 mg/50 mL culture. Urea was the optimal nitrogen source, with a maximum product yield of 165 mg/50 mL culture. The results from this study demonstrated that PNO could be used as an efficient substrate for DOD production by microbial bioconversion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.84-93
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• 2014

Comics uses words to convey its content and meaning, while the comic image conveys the content as a narrative function to represent how language is combined with the text. This paper makes a comparison and analysis of the comics of Japan and South Korea, in terms of words and image expression, narrative techniques, and the way of communication, to study the characteristics of image narrative. The comic image of Jing ke is the other as a flow of narrative and getting rid of the current screen, to resonate with the readers. Go U-yeong's comics and Sumeragi Natsuki's set up a virtual narrative time and space through the line, surface, space and shade, to realize the reproduction of unhistorical facts and the significance of narrative with the artist's imagination. Sumeragi Natsuki's comics uses historical facts to represent exquisite narrative like still-life paintings. She focuses on the description of the objective facts of history, to seek the sensitive comic image beyond reality. The image narration of Go U-yeong's comics is a clash between his historical narrative among the subjective romantic image and the readers' awareness narrative flow that they insist inside. Therefore, he tries to keep balance. The instant image in his comics is not a reproduction of the historical real moment, but a reproduction image of the reality reconstructed by his own pursuit of narrative.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.23
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• pp.103-118
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• 2008

Hobun(Oyster shell W.) is a traditional material used as extender and white pigment from ancient times. The production method of it, however, has been discontinued. We have studied the traditional production method of Hobun through calcination of oyster shell, which is one of the traditional ways for preparing Hobun. Our work has the important meaning in that we can reproduce the manufacturing method of the discontinued traditional material and also it provides a solid background knowledge to stabilize the production and supply of Hobun for the cultural asset repairing materials. The result can be summarized as followings: The production processes of Hobun by calcination method are divided into 4 steps - calcination ${\rightarrow}$ slaking(pulverization) ${\rightarrow}$ separating fine powder by submergence in water ${\rightarrow}$ drying. In calcination step, the temperature is required to exceed $700^{\circ}$ to get pure white color of Hobun, since organic materials in the shell cause the final powder to be less white below $600^{\circ}$. And the calcination methods produce significant amount of calcium hydroxide, which is incongruent for pigment materials without additional treatments. The experimental study also demonstrated that the additional treatment process introduced in traditional paintings can be a probable process since the calcium of potassium hydroxide is observed to be promoted by this treatment. It is also concluded that, the calcination method of Hobun is appropriate for a small amount and high quality production.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.403-409
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• 2015

Malachite and Azurite are the typical copper system pigments which used the mural paintings since ancient times. The mural painting is at risk for damages of the painting layer by atmosphere gas because it is exposed at external environment. In this study, it did experiment about an effect to Malachite and Azurite by environmental pollution gas($NO_2$, $CO_2$, $SO_2$) then analysis and estimate about test for pieces using mural painting colored that two pigments. As a result, Malachite and Azurite were changed on $NO_2$ but not changed $CO_2$ and $SO_2$. Especially as the concentration of $NO_2$ is increased, exfoliation of the pigment layer weave remarkably formed pores on the pigment particles on SEM, the phenomenon to be pieces were observed together with smaller particles. In the case of Malachite that were exposed to $NO_2$ gas, new compounds(Rouaite : dicopper (nitrate(V) trihydroxide, $Cu_2(NO_3)(OH)_3$)) was appeared by XRD analysis. Therefore, there had been able to verify the fact that the cause exfoliation and discoloration phenomena accompanied by chemical changes for Malachite and Azurite.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.30
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• pp.27-57
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• 2013

Animation which appeared with films in the late 19th century was a medium which came on obtaining nourishment from art historical style of modernism. However, the relation establishment between animation and modernism has been focused mainly on animation shapes, namely painted images. This sprang from explaining the relationship between animation and paintings, and for this reason, discussions of movements in animation were understood in tradition of chromophotograph of Muybridge and Jules Marey, or some characteristics owned by the live-action film. However, movements of animation were essentially different from the indexical sign of films or photogram, and objects of reproduction were different between them. Movements reproduced by animation are not ordinary movements, but expressions of or compressed movements and considerably systematic movements. As a result, these movements are far from reproduction of live-action film photogram. Rather, the logic of movements reproduced by animation comes near to controlling their motion scopes, time, distance etc. after dividing each part of the body. This is concluded in a standpoint of modern mechanism which is represented by Descartes and La Mettrie who tried to understand human body as a exchangeable machine. Design of modern mechanism ranging from modern society to industrial society and the age of modernism came to lead to analysis of physical motions of modern industrial society called composition of efficient movements understanding them as the law of nature rather than movements as nature. In the late 19th century, Taylor, F. W. and Gilbreth, Frank Bunker's studies of workers' working hours and 'motion study' were a way of constituting the frame of machine-human, which indicates that tradition of modern mechanism affected the entire modernism passing through industrial society. Further, we can see that motion studies conducted by them have almost similar characteristics to action analysis to study animation later in the name of 'timing'.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.124-133
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• 2014

The study on Musa basjoo planting in traditional gardens in of folk villages and traditional temples was conducted to identify the phenomenon of Musa basjoo planting which frequently appears in paintings and literatures of the late Joseon dynasty and how the cultural custom is being handed down. The result of the study is as follows. As a result of studying state-designated folk villages 6 sites, the custom is being handed down in a few limited gardens including Asan Oeam Village and Seongju Hangae Village. In case of Oeam Village, there are three gardens where Musa basjoo was planted including Seolimbang, Vice Minister's Residence, and Geonjae House where Musa basjoo withered now. In case of Hangae Village, it was found in Bukbi House, Hahoe Residence and Gyoridaek Jinsa's Residence and most of them were planted in front of guesthouses and main building with the assemble-planting method. Musa basjoo planting was confirmed in 39 traditional temples and it was found that Yangsan Tongdosa Temple and attached hermitage Geukrakam are currently prevalent in Musa basjoo planting. Musa basjoo was planted on either side of the stairs of Buddhist sanctums for Buddha and Avalokitesvara Guan Yin of main temples and gwaneum temples with the assemble-planting method and it has a tendency of pair planting. Considering that Musa basjoo is a southern plant, most of Musa basjoo planting was distributed around Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, which is closely related to the isotherm distribution of the Korean Peninsula. Especially, it was found that planting flora was centered on $12^{\circ}C$ of Warmth Index $100^{\circ}$ and annual average temperature.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.449-461
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• 2011

In the field of computer science, operating system concept is taught in university, but we now teach it in the middle and/or high school. Computer is also taught not only in college but also in middle and high school. If we look up the education of computer that is trained in school, basic principles or core techniques of computer science is educated only with its theory. If the theoretical education of computer science is just trained, sometimes students are not interested in it because of lack of shortage of mass media. Therefore, we could say that it is important that the computer education features a diverse range of media, including prints, paintings, sculpture, digital photographs, mixed media, and a simulation program. For all this reason, we design and implement a program for simulation with computer operating systems especially, CPU scheduling. There are many CPU scheduling algorithms we suggest to make students understand scheduling with some different examples in practical use. In this paper, we practically propose a new approach to be used with a study tool to make a motivation for students. We design a simulation program for teaching computer operation systems to show CPU scheduling and we implement a program to make use of comparison of FCFS, SJFS, PS, and RR scheduling algorithms. With our simulation program we present a comparative analysis between scheduling algorithms could be possible.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.17
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• pp.69-84
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• 2016

Yuso is the term for decorative tassels of a braided string which hangs a scroll painting. This study, drawing on extant research concerning the yuso made for Joseon period portrait scrolls of kings and meritorious retainers, focuses on the yuso created to hang literati portraits. Concretely, It examines yuso of seven portraits in the collection of the National Museum of Korea in order to characterize their appearance and determine their material composition. The study found that most of the yuso are sixteen-strand strings braided into a rounded cross-section(dongdahoe). The seven yuso, of which six are red and one indigo-blue, reflect the popular style associated with Joseon period literati portraits. The yuso for the portrait of Yun Geup(duksu 3503) is made from gilded paper. Analysis showed Fe particles present in a red pigment underlying the gold layer, suggesting the presence of red ochre(seokganju), an iron oxide mineral. The yuso of the portrait of Shin Im(duksu 4846) is used a paper which contains gold as well as traces of Pb, Hg and Ag. The paper in the yuso for the portrait of Yi Seongwon(bongwan 10122) mainly consisted of Ag, indicating silver paper having been used in its fabrication. The inner paper in the yuso of the portrait of Yi Seogu(sinsu 1065) is a leather combined with Ag, Fe, and Br, according to chemical analysis. The FTIR of the leather sample reveals that the spectrum in the fingerprint region is nearly identical to that of sheepskin, indicating the yuso was made from gold-coated sheepskin.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ART-SORB which is commonly used in museums and galleries at home and abroad including National Museum of Korea, so as to collect useful information to control micro-environment. Experiment was conducted in air-tight condition in order to evaluate only the effect of ART-SORB excluding any influence from outside factors. A certain amount of ART-SORB considering the case size and ART-SORB in cassette type were used to evaluate the humidity controlling capability. The result showed that target humidity was reached in 10~17 hours in case of using corresponding amount of ART-SORB to the cubic volume and in 5~6 hours in case of excessive use of cassette type ART-SORB. And it also showed that humidity can be controlled in the range of RH 50~70%. In addition, ART-SORB was excellent at raising humidity at low humidity and poor at high humidity. Therefore, ART-SORB turned out to be an effective humidity buffer for controlling micro-environment of such artifacts as wooden ware, lacquer ware and paintings, which require high humidity. However, unfortunately, there are some difficulties in applying this result to real condition, given the fact that this study was conducted under firm air-tight case. Therefore, ART-SORB can be fully effective only in firm air-tight case.