• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1044-1054
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• 2023

Growing evidence indicates a crucial role of the gut microbiota in physiological functions. Gut-brain axis imbalance has also been associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have suggested that probiotics regulate the stress response and alleviate mood-related symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effects of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC3201 (L3201) on the behavioral response and fecal metabolite content in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mouse model. Our study shows that chronic stress in mice for three weeks resulted in significant changes in behavior, including lower locomotor activity, higher levels of anxiety, and depressive-like symptoms, compared to the control group. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that disrupted fecal metabolites associated with aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis by UCMS were restored with the administration of L3201. Oral administration of the L3201 ameliorated the observed changes and improved the behavioral alterations along with fecal metabolites, suggesting that probiotics play a neuroprotective role.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2023

An aging population and changes in dietary habits have increased the incidence of diabetes, resulting in complications such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). DFUs can lead to serious disabilities, substantial reductions in patient quality of life, and high financial costs for society. By understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of DFUs, their occurrence can be prevented and managed more effectively. The pathophysiology of DFUs involves metabolic dysfunction, diabetic immunopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and angiopathy. The processes by which hyperglycemia causes peripheral nerve damage are related to adenosine triphosphate deficiency, the polyol pathway, oxidative stress, protein kinase C activity, and proinflammatory processes. In the context of hyperglycemia, the suppression of endothelial nitric oxide production leads to microcirculation atherosclerosis, heightened inflammation, and abnormal intimal growth. Diabetic neuropathy involves sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathies. The interaction between these neuropathies forms a callus that leads to subcutaneous hemorrhage and skin ulcers. Hyperglycemia causes peripheral vascular changes that result in endothelial cell dysfunction and decreased vasodilator secretion, leading to ischemia. The interplay among these four preceding pathophysiological factors fosters the development and progression of infections in individuals with diabetes. Charcot neuroarthropathy is a chronic and progressive degenerative arthropathy characterized by heightened blood flow, increased calcium dissolution, and repeated minor trauma to insensate joints. Directly and comprehensively addressing the pathogenesis of DFUs could pave the way for the development of innovative treatment approaches with the potential to avoid the most serious complications, including major amputations.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2010

Objective : This study is designed to identify effect of a sensory integration(SI) program provided to elementary school students as an after-school activity. The study is looking at both occupational performance components and school-task performance which is an area of occupational performance. Methods : SI program specially designed as an after-school activity was provided to three boys who are first- or second grade students of Y elementary school in Dae-Jeon city. The SI intervention was organized with 25 sessions and carried out for two months. One group pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the SI program. Measurements used are Short Sensory Profile(SSP), K-DTVP-2, and BOTMP for occupational performance components, and School Function Assessment for functional schooltask performance. Results : It is found that posttest scores were enhanced in all assessments SSP; BOTMP; K-DTVP-2; and SFA. Conclusion : Results of this study simply propose that sensory integration program designed as after-school activity may have positive effects on not only occupational performance components but also on school-task performance of elementary school student. Since sample size is too small, however, there is limitation to find statistical significance. Further researches testing large number of subjects are required to boost the finding of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

As we are turnning into the aged society, accidents by falling down are increasing in the aged people's group. In this paper, we design the system with the 3-Axis acceleration sensor which is composed by a single chip. The body activity signal is measured with the signal detector and RF communicator in this proposed system and the and falling by the entering signal pattern analysis with 3-Axis acceleration sensor. For the RF communication, we are using nRF24L01p and 8bits ATmega uC for the processor. The error of energy expenditure estimation between motor driven treadmill and proposed a body activity module was 7.8% respectively. Human activities and falling is monitored according to analyze and judge the critical value of the Signal Vector. as falled down if they don't turn off the alarm after specific period and the aged person's after falling down activities are their position and more.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2014

Objective : We tested the effect of mirror treatment on patients with and without unilateral neglect over a period of 4 weeks. We also wanted to know the effect of mirror treatment with regards to improving upper extremity function and dealing with activities of daily living. Methods : Subjects were 10 hemiplegia patients with unilateral neglect and 10 hemiplegia patients without unilateral neglect. They visited the department of occupational therapy. We performed mirror treatment for 30 minutes, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. We used Albert Test to compare our results from before and after the treatment, Fugl-Meyer motor function Assessment(FMA) and Box & Block Test(BBT) for upper extremity function, and Functional Independence Measure(FIM) for activities of daily living. Results : The results showed that mirror treatment had an effect on stroke patients with unilateral neglect. The treatment also had an effect on upper extremity function and activities of daily living regardless of unilateral neglect. Conclusion : The mirror treatment showed improvements on upper extremity function and activities of daily life as well as a reduction in the unilateral neglect after a stroke. In conclusion, the mirror treatment is useful for recovering function and improvement and for helping the patients complete activities of daily living.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 1992

The sciatic nerves of anesthetized rabbits were exposed and stimulated by a nerve stimulator in order to observe the myoneural response. These rabbits were divided into three groups and respectively injected with morphine (Group 1), meperidine(Group 2) and pentazocine (Group 3). The sciatic nerves were stimulated periodically and gait changes were observed to see the myoneural activity after the injections. When the distal part of the sciatic nerves were stimulated by the nerve stimulator after the respective drug injections, the normal muscle twitch responses were observed in all the progressional stages of Group 1. However, in Group 2 and 3, the muscle twitch responses decreased gradually, finally disappearing after approximately 10 minutes in these two groups. Complete motor paralysis continued for about 60 minutes. The muscle reactions returned to normal approximately 90 minutes after injection. Specimens drug-injected tissues were severed 4 hours, 24 hours and 1 week after injection respectively. These tissue were investigated under light as well as electron microscopy. The tissue revealed rare to moderate vacuolizations scattered in the axons of the myelinated and unmyelinated nerves of some of the specimens; however, there were no significant pathologic lesions. These results provide evidence that neurophysiologically, meperidine and pentazocine have a local anesthetic-like effect such as motor paralysis, but morphine does not. In addition, the results indicated that neurohistologically, the three narcotics have no significant toxic effects on the nerve tissue.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of the present study is to observe the neuroprotective effect of the $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ on transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ was made by mixing the herbs, mainly the root of Panax ginseng, the root of Rehmannia glutinosa and Poria cocos, the stem bark of Acanthopanax senticosus, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and Mel, and heating for 96 hours. Transient Focal cerebral ischemia (2 h of ischemia, 22 h of reperfusion) was induced by intraluminal suture method with SD rats. Sensory motor function was tested by rotarod test, prehensile traction test, beam balance test and foot fault test at 24 h after ischemia. The brain slices were stained by 2% 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and the infarct volume was measured by graphic analyzer at 24 h after ischemia. Results : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ treated group did not show significant differences compared with vehicle treated group in body temperature. Oral administration of $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ reduced brain infarct volume by 29.7% compared with vehicle treated group. $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ also showed protective effects on sensory motor functional deficits. Conclusion : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ treatment reduced brain damage and improved functional deficits induced by MCAo. It showed neuroprotective effects even when treatment was relayed 2 h after injury. Further research is required to evaluating long term functional recovery am accurate therapeutic range and mechanisms.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 2000

Pregnancy is a task of creation in which a women mobilizes her self and the resources available to her in the generation of a new person. Through the pregnancy, a mother has formed the new human relationship with a fetus. Maternal-fetal relationship is considered one of mechanism making the relationship of mother and child. It is important to well-being of mother and fetus, too. The earliest interaction between a mother and her child is during prenatal period. Maternal-fetal dyad is unique and perceived interactions with the fetus make the pregnancy real for the mother. Maternal behavior is "instinctive" and is formed in early childhood by copy of the mother. But, Rubin argues that this behavior is an open intellectual system rather than a prepackaged bundle of traits. There is openness to new learning and a high value placed on knowing which occurs with silent organization in thought. Thus, nurses and other health professionals provide prenatal care that optimally is part of the environment in which the maternal-fetal dyad develops. Thus it is appropriate for nurses to increases their understanding of the dyad and to explore ways to enhance its development. This study focusses on the interaction ability and response of fetus, and the maternal-fetal interaction. The research of fetal responses that involve physiological changes and motor movement have been shown to coccur to both external sensory stimuli and to maternal emotional states. The fetus does also have sensory capacity to be aware of some maternal behaviors, and the motor ability to respond in a way the mother can notice. Thus, very rudimentary interactions appear to be possible. Maternal awareness of fetal activity was supported by several studies. More interesting to the present study are description of maternal-fetal interaction and the finding that there appear to be levels of sensitivity to the fetus involved in maternal-fetal interactions. First, recognition comes that the fetus is separate from the maternal self. Next, the fetus engages in. Lastly, the parent may describe active interaction with the fetus, believing that mother and fetus are communicating on a meaningful level. Several interventions, developed to promote more active interaction between mother and fetus, have been reviewed. In general, the parents were taught to stimulate the fetus and to notice the fetus' responses. This type of intervention might increase the mother's sensitivity to her unborn baby, and she may have a head start toward learning how to res pond sensitivity to the newborn infant. Research In the area of maternal-fetal interaction is scarce. Sensitive behavior is construed as an appropriate and timely response to a signal of need from another person, but no such signal of need can be claimed regarding the fetus. The highest level of maternal-fetal interaction, therefore, might be based more on maternal representations of the imagined fetus than on factual evidence of fetal participation.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2007

Objective : In the present study, we evaluated the differences between the skin electric conductance of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and normal controls in order to determine the possibility of using skin electric conductance as a diagnostic measure. Method : The PTSD group included 14 subjects who were diagnosed with PTSD in St. Mary's Hospital after a motor vehicle accident, and the normal control group included 12 healthy subjects. The conductivity and capacitance of both groups were measured twice, and the data from each group was compared. Results : There was no significant difference in gender, but the patients in the PTSD group were significantly older than those in normal control group. The activity (conductivity) between the left head-left hand, right hand-right head, and right head-left head was significantly elevated in the PTSD group as compared with the normal control group. In addition, the reactivity (capacitance) between the right head-left head, left head-left hand, right hand-left hand, right hand-right foot, right foot-left foot, and left foot-left hand was significantly elevated in the PTSD group. Conclusion : In this study, the skin electric conductance of the patients with PTSD was significantly elevated in comparison with that of the healthy subjects. Although there were some limitations of this study, the results of this study suggested that skin electric conductance can be used to evaluate elevated psychophysiological responses in patients with PTSD. Future studies with more subjects and more structure are needed in order to confirm our results.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.486-491
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• 2005

Physical activity can improve sensorimotor recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is highly correlated with neuronal development and axonal regeneration and present in large quantities in the axonal growth cone. Using immunofluorescene staining and anterograde and retorgrade techniques, we identified enhanced axonal regrowth in distal stump of the sciatic nerve 3-14 days after crush injury in rats with treadmill training. We also carried out western blot to investigate GAP-43 protein expression in injured sciatic nerve. GAP-43 protein levels were highly induced in the injured sciatic nerve 3, 7 and 14 days compared with sedentary group. Thus, the present data provide a new evidence that treadmill training promoted axonal re-growth after injury and increased GAP-43 protein levels in the regenerating nerve.