• The Mathematical Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.127-144
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• 2000

School mathematics are composed of five major units of numbers& algebraic expressions, equations & inequalities, functions, figures, and statistics & probabilities. But if we look into the general activities of mathematics teachers in their class, they rather do not take into account students\` cognitive and affective traits or degree of difficulty which each of the unit has. For successful teaching of mathematics, teachers should take into consideration many affective items which influence the students\` scholastic achievement. Among them student\`s liking for the mathematics is commonly accepted as the most important factor for successful learning. In this study, with the five units of school mathematics, we investigated the students\` degree of likings for each unit. To fined out whether there are any differences in students\` likings for the mathematics, between regions and kind of schools, we classified the population according to the locations and kinds of schools. To do this, we divided the whole region into four parts such as Seoul, large city, medium city and town. Moreover, we partitioned the whole secondary school students into four groups of middle school students, vocational high school students, pro-science students of academic high schools, and pro-liberal arts students of academic high schools. From each partition, we sampled similar size of experimental groups which came up to total 1260 students. Analysing the answer sheets which the students responded about the questionnaire, we investigated the following questions using the ANOVA test. 1. Is there any differences in the trend of likings for each unit between the regional classifications? 2. Is there any differences in the trend of likings for each unit between the classifications of secondary schools? 3. What trends of changes are there in the degree of likings for each unit according to the rising of students\` grade?

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.413-416
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• 2012

The information technology such as personal computers and the internet has become a critical factor in forming a common and popular culture over the last few decades. Those technical inventions have transformed the educational environment. In the past, the only way to get an education was for students to attend schools or private institutions by themselves. In contrast, the internet enables people to learn from a distance by using cyber-education courses and many e-learning contents are provided. Based on those infrastructures, students can be educated in a convenient and flexible way without totally depending on attending school. The purpose of this paper is to examine what the effect of cyber-learning at home is, and to analyse what the problem is? Lastly, this paper also suggests measures to alleviate the adverse effects of it.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.253-266
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to investigate the perceptions of Elementary school teachers on mathematics instruction. To do this, 7 test items were developed to obtain data on teacher's perception of mathematics instruction and 73 teachers who take mathematical lesson analysis lectures were selected and conducted a survey. Since the data obtained are all qualitative data, they were analyzed through coding and similar responses were grouped into the same category. As a result of the survey, several facts were found as follow; First, When teachers thought about 'mathematics', the first words that come to mind were 'calculation', 'difficult', and 'logic'. It is necessary for the teacher to have positive thoughts on mathematics and mathematics learning, and this needs to be stressed enough in teacher education and teacher retraining. Second, the reason why mathematics is an important subject is 'because it is related to the real life', followed by 'because it gives rise to logical thinking ability' and 'because it gives rise to mathematical thinking ability'. These ideas are related to the cultivating mind value and the practical value of mathematics. In order for students to understand the various values of mathematics, teachers must understand the various values of mathematics. Third, the responses for reasons why elementary school students hate mathematics and are hard are because teachers demand 'thinking', 'because they repeat simple calculations', 'children hate complicated things', 'bother', 'Because mathematics itself is difficult', 'the level of curriculum and textbooks is high', and 'the amount of time and activity is too much'. These problems are likely to be improved by the implementation of revised 2015 national curriculum that emphasize core competence and process-based evaluation including mathematical processes. Fourth, the most common reason for failing elementary school mathematics instruction was 'because the process was difficult' and 'because of the results-based evaluation'. In addition, 'Results-oriented evaluation,' 'iterative calculation,' 'infused education,' 'failure to consider the level difference,' 'lack of conceptual and principle-centered education' were mentioned as a failure factor. Most of these factors can be changed by improving and changing teachers' teaching practice. Fifth, the responses for what does a desirable mathematics instruction look like are 'classroom related to real life', 'easy and fun mathematics lessons', 'class emphasizing understanding of principle', etc. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply deal with the related contents in the training courses for the improvement of the teachers' teaching practice, and it is necessary to support not only the one-time training but also the continuous professional development of teachers.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to develop a gifted educational program in math-gifted class in elementary school using recently developed 4D-frame. This study identified how this program impacted on spatial sense and mathematical creativity for mathematically gifted students. The investigation attempted to contribute to the developments for the gifted educational program. To achieve the aim, the study analysed the 5 and 6th graders' figure learning contents from a revised version of the 2007 national curriculum. According to this analysis, twelve learning sections were developed on the basis of 4D-frame in the math-gifted educational program. The results of the study is as follows. First, a learning program using 4D-frame for spatial sense from mathematically gifted elementary school students was statistically significant. A sub-factor of spatial visualization called mental rotation and sub-factors of spatial orientations such as sense of distance and sense of spatial perception were statistically significant. Second, the learning program that uses 4D-frame for mathematical creativity was statistically significant. The sub-factors of mathematical creativity such as fluency, flexibility and originality were all statistically significant. Third, the manipulation properties of 4D-frame helped to understand the characteristics of various solid figures. Through the math discussions in the class, participants' error correction was promoted. The advantage of 4D-frame including easier manipulation helped participants' originality for their own sculpture. In summary, this found that the learning program using 4D-frame attributed to improve the spatial sense and mathematical creativity for mathematically gifted students in elementary school. These results indicated that the writers' learning program will help to develop the programs for the gifted education program in the future.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.199-217
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• 2023

Affective characteristics have been consistently emphasized in mathematics education, but students' confidence or interest in mathematics has not changed significantly. This study analyzes the factors affecting the affective characteristics according to students' academic achievements, which have not been studied so far. The study was surveyed 593 students in the 5th and 6th grades, divided into school mathematics education and social-environmental factors. As a result of the study, students cited 'mathematics class at school' as the factor that had the most influence on their affective characteristics, regardless of academic achievement. Excluding 'mathematics classes at school', upper level students said that 'private education' and 'college entrance exams and jobs', had the most influence on their affective characteristics. Middle level students said that 'assessment at school' and 'private education' had the most influence on their affective characteristics. Lower-level students said that 'school evaluation' and 'mathematics textbook' had the most influence on the affective characteristics. In particular, as the academic achievement level decreased, students' participation in classes decreased rapidly. Most students said that the mathematics content they were learning was too difficult for that reason. Considering these research results, it would be effective to apply methods according to students' academic achievement to some extent in order to improve affective characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine usefulness of KEDI-Individual Basic Learning Skills Test as a diagnostic tool of learning disorders(LD). Learning disorder group consisted of two subgroups, verbal learning disorder group(VLD, n＝34) and nonverbal learning disorder group(NVLD, n＝14). Comparison group consisted of Dysthymia Disorder subgroup(n＝11) and Normal subgroup(n＝20). Performance of intelligence test and achievement test was examined in all 4 subgroups. In KEDI-WISC, VLD subgroup revealed primary problems in vocabulary, information and verbal-auditory attention test. NVLD group revealed primary problems in almost all performance tests such as visual acuity, psycho-motor coordination speed and visual-spatial organizations ability subtest. In KEDI-Individual Basic Learning Test, VLD group revealed primary problems in phonological coding process, word recognition and mathematics. For successful classification of LD children, the importance of achievement test and intelligence test was discussed by discriminant analysis and factor analysis. The results indicate that KEDI-Individual Basic Learning Skills is of considerable usefulness in diagnosing LD, but must be used in subtests, and additional tests must be conducted for thorough exploration of LD.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2015

This paper aims to explore what we can improve in the curriculum, teaching-learning, and evaluation on the bases of the analyses of multiple-choice items set in National Assessment of Educational Achievement. For this goal, by using the distribution curves of the responses percentages, we will grasp the features of educational achievement which appear to students through an in-depth analysis about not only item itself but also the contents included in particular distracters. These analyses provide more information than the descriptive statistical values such as the mean of correct answer percentage and the discrimination of whole group and the mean of responses percentages of replies of subgroups. Because the distribution curves of the responses percentages reveal the transition from the lowest to the highest educational achievement very well. From these analyses we acquire the implications about the concept of prime factor or prime factorization, ratio(proportion) such as velocity, linear function, volume of cone, properties of solid figure, and probabilities of empty event and total event.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.268-275
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• 2008

Providing appropriate and cooperative work among learners is an essential factor of a successful educational authoring system. Although from the viewpoint of beginning authors, many authoring functions are employed in existing authoring tool, there has been little research to solve authoring difficulties by companion's assist and to keep pace with learning. Therefore, in this paper, we designed and developed a educational authoring tool using mathematical language and cooperative work among learners, verified the validity. The authoring tool proposed has key features to hide authoring handicaps and keep pace with learning and cooperate with each other by using networked and language-based authoring tool.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2004

This study was initiated by the idea to help students to be more ideally educated following the 7th curriculum that seeks the proactive students along with creativity for the 21st century. Mind-map was the main tool throughout the study and this was performed to find answers for the following questions : 1) to examine how students' drawing a mind-map affects their mathematical tendency or emotional aspects (motivation for study, interest, etc); 2) to investigate the types and characteristics of mind-maps that students draw; 3) to analyze advantages and obstacles that they experience during the process of drawing a mind-map and provide some suggestions for overcoming them. The research shows that students were highly motivated by the drawing a mind-map. There are types of mind-maps: tree shape and radial shape, and each shape has its own advantages. But the more important factor for being a good mind-map is where and how each concept is located and connected. Although it is true that drawing a mind-map helped students to see the bigger structure of what they learned, but there are several hardships taken care of. The study suggests to extend the experiment to various levels of students and diverse contents.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.643-650
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• 2011

Recently the needs for education on Statistics is growing bigger, but a mathematics-oriented education makes college students loose interest in Statistics. On the hypothesis that motivating interest is the key factor for learning, we need to develop an education tool for Statistics that makes learners to study independently but throughly. By using Excel Macro, we develop and introduce add-in program, called PETS, which supplies not only results but also process to get them.