• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 1993

This study reviewed the current status and problems of sewerage system in Korea and then proposed possible methods to correct the problems. Also, evaluation of future development in sewerage system is included. It can be summarized as follows : 1. Investment in sewerage system is relatively low . 0.23% of GNP, Considering that the investment portion is 0.35% in OECD and 0.63% in Japan, it should be increased further. 2. The reasons wily the investment in sewerage system is low can be ' (1) Low priority is given to the investment in sewerage system. Local government builds and operates its own wastewater treatment plant. Local government as well as residents prefer to invest their money in roadwork, housing and parks to in wastewater treatment facilities because of greater investment effects. (2) Besides capital investment, more maintenance cost is needed for sewerage system. Proper operation of wastewater treatment facilities requires a well-trained operator. Because of public conception that operation of wastewater treatment facility is a dirty job, it is difficult to find a well-trained operator. (3) It is difficult to estimate the effect of sewerage system (4) Cost required to build and maintain wastewater treatment facility should be paid by people, who benefit from the facility. People to benefit are sometimes different from people to pay. 3. Advanced treatment is necessary to protect the bay aura and raw water source as well as to prevent eutrophication of lakes and ponds. 4. Wastewater treatment facility were mainly build in big cities during the decade of 1980. Followings should be solved first to expand the facilities. (1) Rapid repair and construction of sewer. (2) Technical development of wastewater treatment . Prevention of efficient and economical wastewater . Development of efficient and economical wastewater treatment techniques . Development of high-efficiency treatment using bioreactor . Reuse of wastewater treatment plant effluent (3) Sludge treatment and disposal . Composting of sludge cakes . Development of techniques to reduce the volume of sludge cake : incineration and reuse of sludge ash and slag. (4) Utilization of wastewater treatment facilities . Construction of community parks or sports families(ie, on the tops of the covered aeration tanks and sedimention tanks) Construction of wastewater treatment facilities under ground and of parking facilities and community parks above ground. (5) Education of wastewater treatment personal.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.91-116
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• 2012

This paper analyzes how the adverse impacts of the global financial crisis on Korea's employment could be mitigated in comparison with the Asian crisis period. The results from error-correction models suggest that the less severe impacts during the global financial crisis could be attributed to (i) smaller GDP reduction, (ii) better maintenance of domestic demand despite a sharp fall of export, (iii) less serious over-employment during the run-up to the crisis, and (iv) less severe credit crunch. Analyses of OECD cross-country data provide corroborating evidence. In order to mitigate adverse impacts on employment, therefore, priority should be given to expansionary macroeconomic policies to keep aggregate domestic demand from collapsing once a crisis is triggered. Also crucial, however, is to maintain sound economic structures such as flexible labor market and adequately supervised financial market.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to investigate the gap in perceived importance-performance between dietitians and food service workers regarding school food service sanitation and to analyze items that should be given priority for improvement. Data were collected by 440 food service workers and 71 dietitians in Gyeongbuk province. All statistical analyses were conducted using the SAS package program (version 8.2 for Windows) for descriptive analysis, t-test, and importance-performance analysis (IPA). According to the performance analysis, there were significant differences between dietitians and food service workers in 18 out of the 20 items. In all of 18 items, the evaluated performance scores according to the food service workers were higher than those of the dietitians. In addition, the results of IPA confirmed the following areas as improvement priorities: proper hand washing of food service workers, cleanliness of trays and utensils, monitoring of temperature of refrigerated/frozen foods and quality of the food materials during inspection, proper washing and disinfection of raw vegetables and fruits and maintenance of CCP records, and control of food holding temperature and methods. In conclusion, dietitians should perform education about sanitation management items that have low perceived importance and should make a plan to improve sanitation management after understanding the gap in perceived importance-performance between dietitians and food service workers.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.104-127
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• 2010

To vitalize the link program of Korean long-term care insurance system to community-based services for non-eligible people, we analysed the claim data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC), and conducted a questionnaire survey to charging employees of elderly service department at local governments. The subjects were all 81,377 people, 57,454 of them were arranged to community-based services. The link program was more necessary among the missed subjects rather than the arranged people due to the need for physical or psychological assistance. By the result of the survey to the local government employees, 59.5% of subjects responded their proportion of link service was over 10% and under 20%, and 54.3% of them responded their job boundary are not clear. Major type of linking was notification the subject list to local government, 91.4%; proportion of periodical notification on the status of their service link were 57.1%, only 7.1% were followed to manage after the link. Difficult factors at the link process were pointed out the overload by other side work, deficiency of resources, rigidity of priority of link, and so on. Considering these results, to vitalize the community-based services to the non-eligible people, it may be essential the active participation of the subjects, construction of parts working in coordination among the institutions including NHIC, local governments, and service providers; development of various services for maintenance or promotion of the non-eligible peoples' health and functional status; and active participation of institutions from the third sector, and so on.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

The aim of the research was to analyze a correlation between rural villages and a space of amenity resources in order to provide objective basic data for rural renewal planning in the future. 15 villages were selected to analyze amenity resources. A Space Syntax Method(SSM) was used to analyze a spacial structure of each village and location characteristics of amenity resources. Finally, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) was used for a cluster analysis. The results of spacial analysis showed that the MeanDepth of rural villages was 4.482 and Global Integration Value(GInteg) was 0.956. Relatively, a depth was lower and GInteg was higher, compared to other villages. Rural villages were easily recognized and accessible by outsiders, compared to mountain and fishing villages. In the case of rural villages, the MeanDepth of amenity resources was low and GInteg was high in the results of cluster analysis using a nonhierachical method. Results indicated that an access was easy and amenity resources were closely located each other. However, the deviation of each village was great in mountain villages. This research suggests that an effective maintenance of road network for improving accessibility would be given priority in an undeveloped farming and fishing villages' renewal. Especially, using a spacial analysis in village renewal planning process can improve accessibility and maximize an utilization of public facilities and amenity resources.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.3B
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• pp.485-492
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• 2010

Intelligent Transport System(ITS) has been studied in various systems, such as road environment information offering, vehicle short-range wireless/wire communication, vehicle collision preventing and pedestrian safety offering systems. Related to this, the USN technology based on the sensing accuracy for motorists and pedestrians safety, the information reliability, the maintenance and convenience for Sensor Network is highlighted. This study uses various sensors to construct USN to the road, and connect it to the developed RSU so it collects the real-time road environment information and offers it to OBU and Traffic Control Surveillance Center with Road Weather Information System. RSU collects roadside information for driver's safety and analyzes it to offer IP and beacon service according to the service priority to OBU & upper layer terminal. In the upper layer terminal it is developed the IP based Settop Box application program to offer the urban traffic information & road environment, and environment sensor error, etc. Finally, RWIS develops the real-time collection of roadside information to complement the driver's safety to the intelligent traffic system, and presents various service modes with technology convergence.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2008

This paper is thing for a quantitive quality evaluation in national Defense Human Resource Management Information S/W system development. Apply a quantitive quality evaluation way to be based on an international standard to admonish at ISO/IEC 9126. Proposed 6 basis of count, and set up sub 27 items detailed functionality, reliability, use anger, efficiency, maintenance anger, a transplant result, and inspection of quality table wrote the Matrix measured S/W quality to a chart. Studied a quantitive evaluation plan of a Defense Human Resource Management Information S/W system to see weight by the priority order that reflected a characteristic of a national defense business to a Purpose of a subject user, and Presented. It is 80% in quantitive quality evaluation application satisfied under 8, Very Satisfied 7(87.5%) Satisfied 1(12.5%) of Defense Human Resource Managers and judgment worked as marked so that satisfaction of reliability and a user regarding functionality was high and there will be contribute to an elevation of defense capabilities as analyze efficient national defense S/W use and effect.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.511-537
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• 2013

Numerous data intensive applications demand the efficient processing of a new type of query, which is called a progressive query (PQ). A PQ consists of a set of unpredictable but inter-related step-queries (SQ) that are specified by its user in a sequence of steps. A conventional DBMS was not designed to efficiently process such PQs. In our earlier work, we introduced a materialized view based approach for efficiently processing PQs, where the focus was on selecting promising views for materialization. The problem of how to efficiently find usable views from the materialized set in order to answer the SQs for a PQ remains open. In this paper, we present a new index technique, called the Dynamic Materialized View Index (DMVI), to rapidly discover usable views for answering a given SQ. The structure of the proposed index is a special ordered tree where the SQ domain tables are used as search keys and some bitmaps are kept at the leaf nodes for refined filtering. A two-level priority rule is adopted to order domain tables in the tree, which facilitates the efficient maintenance of the tree by taking into account the dynamic characteristics of various types of materialized views for PQs. The bitmap encoding methods and the strategies/algorithms to construct, search, and maintain the DMVI are suggested. The extensive experimental results demonstrate that our index technique is quite promising in improving the performance of the materialized view based query processing approach for PQs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.729-737
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• 2015

Wireless communication technologies, especially smartphones, have become increasingly common. Wireless technology is widely used in general industry and this trend is also expected to grow with the development of wireless technology. However, wireless technology is not currently applied in any domestic operating nuclear power plants (NPPs) because of the highest priority of the safety policy. Wireless technology is required in operating NPPs, however, in order to improve the emergency responses and work efficiency of the operators and maintenance personnel during its operation. The wired telephone network in domestic NPPs can be simply connected to a wireless local area network to use wireless devices. This design change can improve the ability of the operators and personnel to respond to an emergency situation by using important equipment for a safe shutdown. IEEE 802.11 smartphones (Wi-Fi standard), Internet Protocol (IP) phones, personal digital assistant (PDA) for field work, notebooks used with web cameras, and remote site monitoring tablet PCs for on-site testing may be considered as wireless devices that can be used in domestic operating NPPs. Despite its advantages, wireless technology has only been used during the overhaul period in Korean NPPs due to the electromagnetic influence of sensitive equipment and cyber security problems. This paper presents the electromagnetic verification results from major sensitive equipment after using wireless devices in domestic operating NPPs. It also provides a solution for electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) from portable and fixed wireless devices with a Wi-Fi communication environment within domestic NPPs.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.676-683
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• 2018

Cilia are highly specialized antennae-like organelles that extend from the cell surface and act as cell signaling hubs. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a specialized form of intracellular protein trafficking that is required for the assembly and maintenance of cilia. Because cilia are so important, mutations in several IFT components lead to human disease. Thus, clarifying the molecular functions of the IFT proteins is a high priority in cilia biology. Live imaging in various species and cellular preparations has proven to be an important technique in both the discovery of IFT and the mechanisms by which it functions. Live imaging of Drosophila cilia, however, has not yet been reported. Here, we have visualized the movement of IFT in Drosophila cilia using time-lapse live imaging for the first time. We found that NOMPB-GFP (IFT88) moves according to distinct parameters depending on the ciliary segment. NOMPB-GFP moves at a similar speed in proximal and distal cilia toward the tip (${\sim}0.45{\mu}m/s$). As it returns to the ciliary base, however, NOMPB-GFP moves at ${\sim}0.12{\mu}m/s$ in distal cilia, accelerating to ${\sim}0.70{\mu}m/s$ in proximal cilia. Furthermore, while live imaging NOMPB-GFP, we observed one of the IFT proteins required for retrograde movement, Oseg4 (WDR35), is also required for anterograde movement in distal cilia. We anticipate our time-lapse live imaging analysis technique in Drosophila cilia will be a good starting point for a more sophisticated analysis of IFT and its molecular mechanisms.