• 전기화학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2019

리튬은 가장 가벼운 금속일 뿐만 아니라 낮은 환원전위(-3.04 V vs. SHE)와 큰 이론용량($3860mAh\;g^{-1}$)을 가지고 있어 차세대 음극 소재로 연구되고 있다. 리튬 금속을 전극으로 사용하는 리튬이차전지의 경우 전지의 효율과 에너지 밀도 극대화를 위해 얇은 두께의 리튬 전극이 필요하지만 기존의 리튬 박을 제조하는 물리적인 압연 방법으로는 일정수준 이하의 두께를 가지는 리튬 박을 제조하는데 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 물리적인 방법 대신 전해도금법으로 박막의 리튬을 전착하여 전해도금 시 사용되는 전해액의 종류와 전착 조건이 전착 특성 및 전착된 리튬의 전기화학 특성에 주는 영향을 확인하였다. 전착 전해액의 농도가 높을 수록 리튬 덴드라이트(dendrite) 형성 억제에 유리한 크고 둥근 형태의 리튬 입자를 형성하였으며 우수한 stripping 효율 (92.68%, 3M LiFSI in DME) 을 나타냈다. 전착 속도(전류 밀도)의 경우 속도 증가에 따라 리튬이 길이 방향으로 성장하여 길고 끝이 뾰족한 형태를 가지는 경향을 보였으며, 이로 인한 비표면적 증가로 전착된 리튬 전극의 stripping 효율이 감소(90.41%, 3M LiFSI in DME, $0.8mA\;cm^{-2}$)하는 경향을 확인하였다. 두 종류의 염과 용매를 조합하여 얻은 1.5M LiFSI + 1.5M LiTFSI in DME : DOL (1 : 1 vol%) (Du-Co) 전해액에서 전착된 리튬 전극이 가장 우수한 stripping 효율 (97.26%) 및 안정적인 가역성을 보였으며, 이는 염의 분해물로 구성된 전극 표면 피막의 Li-F 성분이 주는 안정성 향상과 피막의 유연성을 부여하는 DOL 효과에 기인한 것으로 추정된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2008

용매 N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP)과 dimethyl acetamide(DMAc)를 각각 사용하고 물을 비용매로 사용하는 상반전 기법에 의해, 실리카($SiO_2$)와 티타니아($TiO_2$) 나노입자가 각각 충진된 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) 고분자 전해질을 제조하고, 이를 고용량 양극재료인 $Li[Ni_{0.15}Co_{0.10}Li_{0.20}Mn_{0.55}]O_2$를 주성분으로 하는 양전극과 리튬금속 음전극 사이에 채용하는 리튬금속 고분자 2차전지를 제작하여 그 충방전 특성을 조사하였다. 고분자 전해질 제조에 사용한 용매에 상관없이 실리카 충진재의 함량이 40~50 wt%인 상반전막을 고분자 전해질로 적용하였을 때 가장 높은 방전용량(180 mAh/g)을 나타내었으며, 이 경우 대개 80 사이클까지 초기용량의 99% 정도의 지속성을 보이다가 그 이후 급격한 용량 감소를 보였다. 이 용량 감소는 상반전막이 보장하는 용량 유지능력이 더이상 발휘될 수 없는 상태로 고분자 전해질에 리튬 dendrite가 침적되었기 때문이라 생각된다.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2024

There have been continuous requirements for developing more reliable energy storage systems that could address unsolved problems in conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and thus be a proper option for large-scale applications like energy storage system (ESS). As a promising solution, aqueous metal-ion batteries (AMIBs) where water is used as a primary electrolyte solvent, have been emerging owing to excellent safety, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly feature. Particularly, AMIBs adopting mutivalence metal ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Al³⁺) as mobile charge carriers has been paid much attention because of their abundance on globe and high volumetric capacity. In this research trend review, one of the most popular AMIBs, zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), will be discussed. Since it is well-known that ZIBs suffer from various (electro) chemical/physical side reactions, we introduce the challenges and recent advances in the study of ZIBs mainly focusing on widening the electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes as well as improving electrochemical properties of cathode, and anode materials.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2019

현재 상용화되어 있는 리튬이온전지에 사용하고 있는 비수계 유기 전해액은 가연성, 부식성, 고휘발성, 열적 불안정성 등의 단점 때문에 더욱 안전하고 장수명을 보이는 고체 전해질로 대체하는 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 이것은 전기자동차 및 에너지저장 시스템과 같은 중대형 이차전지에도 효율적으로 활용될 수 있다. 다양한 형태의 고체 전해질 중에서 현재 고분자 매트릭스에 활성 무기 충진재가 포함되어 있는 복합 고체 전해질이 고이온전도도와 전극과의 탁월한 계면접촉을 이루는데 가장 유리한 것으로 알려졌다. 본 총설에서는 우선 고체 전해질의 종류와 연혁에 관해 간단히 소개하고, 고분자 및 무기 충진재 (불활성 및 활성)로 구성되는 고체 고분자 전해질 및 무기 고체 전해질의 기본적 물성 및 전기화학적 특성을 개괄한다. 또한 이 소재들의 형상을 기준으로 입자형 (0D), 섬유형 (1D), 평판형 (2D), 입체형 (3D)의 형식으로 구성된 복합고체 전해질과 이에 따른 전고체 전지의 전기화학적 특성을 논의한다. 특히 리튬금속 음전극을 사용하는 전고체 전지에 있어서 양전극-전해질 계면, 음전극-전해질 계면, 입자간 계면의 특성에 관해 소개하고, 마지막으로 현재까지 보고된 관련 총설들을 참조하여 복합 고체 전해질 기술의 현재 요구조건 및 미래 전망을 알아본다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2020

Due to its characteristics of light weight, high energy density, good safety, long service life, no memory effect, and environmental friendliness, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in various portable electronic products. The capacity and performance of LIBs largely depend on the performance of electrode materials. Therefore, the development of better positive and negative materials is the focus of current research. The application of metal organic framework materials (MOFs) derivatives in energy storage has attracted much attention and research. Using MOFs as precursors, porous metal oxides and porous carbon materials with controllable structure can be obtained. In this paper, rod-shaped Co-MOF-74 was grown on Ni Foam (NF) by hydrothermal method, and then Co-MOF-74/NF precursor was heat-treated to obtain rodshaped Co₃O₄/NF. Ni Foam was skeleton structured, which effectively relieved. The change of internal stress changes and destroys the structural volume of the electrode material and reduces the capacity attenuation. Co₃O₄/NF composite material has a specific discharge capacity of up to 1858 mA h/g for the first time, and a reversible capacity of up to 902.4 mA h/g at a current density of 200 mA/g, and has excellent rate and impedance performance. The synthesis strategy reported in this article opens the way to design high-performance electrodes for energy storage and electrochemical catalysis.

• Nano
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1850141.1-1850141.11
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• 2018

Sodium ion batteries based on the more sodium source reserve than that of lithium have been designed as promising alternatives to lithium ion batteries. However, several problems including unsatisfied specific capacity and serious cyclic stability must be solved before the reality. One of the effective approaches to solve the abovementioned problems is to search for suitable anode materials. In this work, we designed and prepared $FeSe_2$ nanoflakes via a simple hydrothermal method which can be adjusted in composition by Fe precursor. As a potential anode for sodium storage, the optimized $FeSe_2$ electrode was further evaluated in different electrolytes of $NaClO_4$ in propylene carbonate/fluoroethylene carbonate and $NaCF_3SO_3$ in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The capacity was about $470mAh\;g^{-1}$ and $535mAh\;g^{-1}$ at $0.5A\;g^{-1}$, respectively, in the voltage between 0.5 V and 2.9 V in the cycle of stabilization phase. Superior performance both in capacity and in stability was obtained in ether-based electrolyte, which affords the property without plugging the intermediates of transition metal dichalcogenides during charge/discharge processes.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.162-173
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• 2023

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are considered as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for energy storage owing to their safety and cost efficiency. However, their lifespan is limited by the irreversibility of Zn anodes because of Zn dendrite growth and side reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction and corrosion during cycling. Herein, we present a strategy to restrict direct contact between the Zn anode and aqueous electrolyte by fabricating a protective layer on the surface of Zn foil via phosphidation method. The Zn₃(PO₄)₂ protective layer effectively suppresses Zn dendrite growth and side reactions in aqueous electrolytes. The electrochemical properties of the Zn₃(PO₄)₂@Zn anode, such as the overpotential, linear polarization resistance, and hydrogen generation reaction, indicate that the protective layer can suppress interfacial corrosion and improve the electrochemical stability compared to that of bare Zn by preventing direct contact between the electrolyte and the active sites of Zn. Remarkably, MnO₂ Zn₃(PO₄)₂@Zn exhibited enhanced reversibility owing to the formation a stable porous layer, which effectively inhibited vertical dendrite growth by inducing the uniform plating of Zn²⁺ ions underneath the formed layer.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2002

SnCo alloy powder prepared by high energy ball milling is examined as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. As the ball-milling time increased, the crystallinity of SnCo decreased. XRD and TEM SADP showed that nanocrystalline and amorphous phase coexisted after 16 h ball-milling. As the crystallinity decreased, the cycleability increased. At first cycle, there are 4 plateau potentials. The observation of voltage plateau at about 0.68 V confirms the formation of Sn-Li alloy and Co metal. It is considered that The plateau potentials below 0.68 V were reaction between Li and Sn. The change of chemical diffusion coefficient showed that the structure of SnCo alloy abruptly changed at first cycle, and maintained after 2nd cycle.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1363-1364
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• 2007

The composites such as Sn-CNTs, $SnSb_{0.5}$-CNTs and $CoSb_3$-CNTs have attracted much attention in the past years owing to their good overall properties. In these samples, intermetallic compounds show high specific capacities. Recently, interest in metal oxides such as $Al_{2}O_{3}$, MgO and $TiO_2$ has been largely stimulated by the realization that they can improve the cycling stability of the Li-ion battery electrodes. The reversible capacity of the $TiO_2$/CNTs composite reaches 168 mAh $g^{-1}$ at the first cycle and remains almost constant during long-term cycling. In this study, a nanocomposite of $TiO_2$/CNTs was prepared by sol-gel method and its electrochemical properties as anode materials for Li-ion batteries were studied by galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammograms (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2019

The effect of various lithium sources such as LiCl, LiOH, and Li-metal on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of granulated $SiO_x$ powders were investigated. Various lithium sources were metallurgically added for a passive pre-lithiation of $SiO_x$ to improve its low initial coulombic efficiency. In spite of using the same amount of Li in various sources, as well as the same process conditions, different lithium silicates were obtained. Moreover, irreversible phases were formed without reduction of $SiO_x$, which might be from additional oxygen incorporation during the process. Accordingly, there were no noticeable electrochemical enhancements. Nevertheless, the $Li_4SiO_4$ phase changes the initial electrochemical reaction, and consequently the relationship between the microstructure and electrochemical properties of metallurgically pre-lithiated $SiO_x$ could provide a guideline for the optimization of the performance of lithium ion batteries.