Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society (전기화학회지)

The Korean Electrochemical Society (한국전기화학회)
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Recent Progress and Perspectives of Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

리튬이차전지용 고체 전해질의 최근 진전과 전망

  • Kim, Jumi (Research Division of Reality Devices, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)) ;
  • Oh, Jimin (Research Division of Reality Devices, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)) ;
  • Kim, Ju Young (Research Division of Reality Devices, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)) ;
  • Lee, Young-Gi (Research Division of Reality Devices, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)) ;
  • Kim, Kwang Man (Research Division of Reality Devices, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI))
  • 김주미 (한국전자통신연구원 ICT 창의연구소 실감소자원천연구본부) ;
  • 오지민 (한국전자통신연구원 ICT 창의연구소 실감소자원천연구본부) ;
  • 김주영 (한국전자통신연구원 ICT 창의연구소 실감소자원천연구본부) ;
  • 이영기 (한국전자통신연구원 ICT 창의연구소 실감소자원천연구본부) ;
  • 김광만 (한국전자통신연구원 ICT 창의연구소 실감소자원천연구본부)
  • Received : 2019.07.16
  • Accepted : 2019.08.04
  • Published : 2019.08.31
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Abstract

Nonaqueous organic electrolyte solution in commercially available lithium-ion batteries, due to its flammability, corrosiveness, high volatility, and thermal instability, is demanding to be substituted by safer solid electrolyte with higher cycle stability, which will be utilized effectively in large-scale power sources such as electric vehicles and energy storage system. Of various types of solid electrolytes, composite solid electrolytes with polymer matrix and active inorganic fillers are now most promising in achieving higher ionic conductivity and excellent interface contact. In this review, some kinds and brief history of solid electrolyte are at first introduced and consequent explanations of polymer solid electrolytes and inorganic solid electrolytes (including active and inactive fillers) are comprehensively carried out. Composite solid electrolytes including these polymer and inorganic materials are also described with their electrochemical properties in terms of filler shapes, such as particle (0D), fiber (1D), plane (2D), and solid body (3D). In particular, in all-solid-state lithium batteries using lithium metal anode, the interface characteristics are discussed in terms of cathode-electrolyte interface, anode-electrolyte interface, and interparticle interface. Finally, current requisites and future perspectives for the composite solid electrolytes are suggested by help of some decent reviews recently reported.

현재 상용화되어 있는 리튬이온전지에 사용하고 있는 비수계 유기 전해액은 가연성, 부식성, 고휘발성, 열적 불안정성 등의 단점 때문에 더욱 안전하고 장수명을 보이는 고체 전해질로 대체하는 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 이것은 전기자동차 및 에너지저장 시스템과 같은 중대형 이차전지에도 효율적으로 활용될 수 있다. 다양한 형태의 고체 전해질 중에서 현재 고분자 매트릭스에 활성 무기 충진재가 포함되어 있는 복합 고체 전해질이 고이온전도도와 전극과의 탁월한 계면접촉을 이루는데 가장 유리한 것으로 알려졌다. 본 총설에서는 우선 고체 전해질의 종류와 연혁에 관해 간단히 소개하고, 고분자 및 무기 충진재 (불활성 및 활성)로 구성되는 고체 고분자 전해질 및 무기 고체 전해질의 기본적 물성 및 전기화학적 특성을 개괄한다. 또한 이 소재들의 형상을 기준으로 입자형 (0D), 섬유형 (1D), 평판형 (2D), 입체형 (3D)의 형식으로 구성된 복합고체 전해질과 이에 따른 전고체 전지의 전기화학적 특성을 논의한다. 특히 리튬금속 음전극을 사용하는 전고체 전지에 있어서 양전극-전해질 계면, 음전극-전해질 계면, 입자간 계면의 특성에 관해 소개하고, 마지막으로 현재까지 보고된 관련 총설들을 참조하여 복합 고체 전해질 기술의 현재 요구조건 및 미래 전망을 알아본다.

Keywords

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