• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of the Flammulina veluipes media by-product(FMB) in laying hens(Hy-Line Brown). A total of three hundreds sixty were fed corn-soy based experimental diets containing 0(control), 5.0(T1), and $10\%(T2)$ FMB for 12 weeks. There were no significant differences among the treatments in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion and viability during the experimental period. Feed intake was significantly(P<0.05) lowered in control(120.5g) than 72(123.9g). There were no significant differences among the treatments eggshell breaking strength, thickness and haugh unit, whereas the yolk color of T1 and T2 were significantly love. than control(p<0.05). In conclusion, the FMB can be used as resource of feed in laying hen feed at $5.0\%$ level without effect on performance and egg qualify. However, dietary pigments must be added when the FMB was used as a feed ingredients more than $10\%$ in diets.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

Broken eggs not only cause the economic loss in the egg producing industry, but also may not be good for the consumer's health. In order to identify the causes of eggshell breakage in laying hen houses, analyses on the status of eggshell breakage in the step of egg conveyer system of the laying hen house were conducted. The survey of eggshell breakage rate was implemented by four different stages egg conveying system. In the results, the breakage rate showed 4.7% in the egg collection belt, 2.5% in the egg elevator, 1.7% in the egg grading system and 0.9% in the egg conveyor belt. In particular, to Hy-line Brown variety, as the hens' raising week old increased, the breakage rate of eggshell increased while the strength of eggshell decreased. In the regression analysis between the breakage rate of eggshell and the strength of eggshell, the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) by the test of significance was computed as 0.7, therefore the changes of the strength of eggshell affects the breakage rate of eggshell. However, between the strength of eggshell and thickness of egg shell, and between the strength of eggshell and strain of eggshell, there was no significant difference detected in the regression analysis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.827-833
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• 1996

Along with the increased necessity for an efficient utilization of Korean wild edible plants growing in fields and mountains, attempts were made to investigate the patterns of flavor changes accompanied hy various conditions of dispersion medium. The effect of various pH values and concentration of sucrose or NaCl of dispersion medium on volatile flavor patterns was investigated to evaluate the applicability of flavor components extracted from Capsella bursa-pastoris for food industry. Essential oils from this wild plant were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction (SDE) method using diethyl ether as solvent. Concentrated samples were analyzed s chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Most volatile flavor components of Capsella bursa-pastoris showed good recovery when steam distilled at pH 7 by SDE method. Increasing concentration of sucrose and 15% by NaCl, resulted in greater numbers of identified flavor components from Capsella bursa-pastoris.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an unexpected change in housing environment on stress in poultry. Laying hens (Hy-line Brown), adapted to a free-range housing system for more than a month, were randomly divided into two groups to be subjected to an unexpected change of their housing environment: one half of them were individually housed into conventional battery cages and the other continually left in the same housing system throughout the entire period of the study. The sudden change resulted in an increase in egg production and albumen height (P<0.05), but decrease in eggshell thickness (P<0.05). The change had tendency to increase Haugh unit ($P{\leq}0.061$) and to decrease eggshell color ($P{\leq}0.074$), but did not affect body weight for 5 days thereafter. No significant changes were detected in liver color. Plasma concentrations of corticosterone was acutely increased one day after the change (P<0.05), then returned to similar control levels. The results of the present study indicate that unexpected changes in housing environment cause acute increase in stress hormone concentrations, but interpretation of the results should be cautious due to the experimental conditions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 1995

Rice is one of the most successful monocot in regenerating fertile and genetically stable transgenic plants. However there is no report of a rice line developed in Korea that can be used for regeneration of fertile and genetically stable transformants. In this paper we first demonstrate that a Korean variety Nakdongbyeo, is suitable to obtain transgenic rice plants. Protoplasts from embryogenic suspension cultures were co-transformed with HPT (hygromycin phosphotransferase) and GUS ($\beta$-glucuronidase) genes in separate plasmids in the presence of PEG (polyethylene glycol). In 5 independent experiment, the average frequency of calli showing hygromycin resistance were 1.73%. Plantlets were regenerated from the Hy $g^{R}$ calli. The average efficiency of plantlet regeneration was apprbximately 27%. Based on the GUS activities of hygromycin resistant calli, ca.35% of the resistant calli carried active GUS genes. The R0 transgenic plantlets were grown to maturity and Rl seeds were obtained. By examining the in siぉ activity of GUS in Rl seeds and seedlings, we confirmed that the GUS transgene driven by a CaMV 35S (cauliflower mosaic virus) promoter showed proper expression patterns. We also confirmed Mendelian segregation of the HPT transgene in the Rl generation.n.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2004

In order to examine the mesh selectivity and optimum mesh size of gill nets for croaker, Milichthys miiuy, the field experiments were carried out during Aug. 10 to 14, 2002 and Aug. 10 to 17, 2003 at the caostal area of Imja-Do, Shinan, Jeonnam province. The experimental fishing gears were used in two set of gill nets, which one set was consisted of 12 sheets of gill nets, and each set was connected alternatively 4 different sheets that were 129mm, 135mm, 144mm and 150mm in mesh size. The analysis of mesh selectivity curve was done by Kitahara's method. The results obtained are summerized as follows : 1. The total number of catch by the experimental fishing of gill nets for croaker was 719, and it was consisted of 526 croakers (73.1%), 168 blue crabs (23.4%), 17 harvest fishes (2.4%) and 8 other fishes (1.1%). 2. The value of maximum 1/m on the mesh selectivity curve was estimated at 6.91. 3. The value of 1/m on the 50% selection range was estimated at 5.62${\sim}$80.3, and the selection width was 2.41. 4. The optimum mesh size of gill nets for croaker was estimated 142mm, and the 50% selection range of total length of croaker was 798${\sim}$1,140mm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted separately to study the effect of astaxanthin on production performance and egg quality in laying hens and meat quality in finishing pigs. In Experiment 1, four hundred Brown Hy-Line layers, 26 weeks of age, were randomly divided into five treatments according to a single factorial arrangement. Each treatment had four replicates comprising 20 birds each. The dietary treatments were: 0, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1.3 ppm of astaxanthin fed for 14 days. Then all the birds were fed an astaxanthin-free diet (0 ppm astaxanthin) for an additional 7 days. The results showed that dietary astaxanthin had no significant effect on layer production performance. There was no significant effect (p>0.05) on egg weight, yolk height and Haugh unit (HU) with increasing dietary astaxanthin level and increased storage time. Yolk color was linearly increased (p<0.01) with the increasing dietary astaxanthin level and significantly decreased with the increasing storage time (p<0.05). The TBARS value in yolk decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing amount of dietary astaxanthin and storage time. When the diets were replaced with the astaxanthin-free feeds, all parameters concerning egg quality decreased with increasing days of measurement, especially the yolk color, and HU significantly decreased (p<0.05). In experiment 2, thirty-six barrows ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$), $107{\pm}3.1kg$ BW, were randomly divided into three treatments according to a single factorial arrangement. Each treatment had three replicates comprising 4 pigs each. The dietary treatments were: 0, 1.5 and 3.0 ppm of astaxanthin fed for 14 days. The results showed that dietary astaxanthin had no significant effects on production performance. There was a linear effect (p<0.05) on dressing percentage, backf.at thickness and loin muscle area with increasing dietary astaxanthin level. There were no significant effects (p>0.05) on the TBARS value, drip loss, meat color, marbling and $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ values. Cholesterol concentration in meat was not affected by dietary addition of astaxanthin. It could be concluded that astaxanthin supplementation was beneficial to improve egg yolk color; egg quality during storage and it also could improve the meat quality of finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1605-1610
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• 2012

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of red pepper (Capsicum frutescens) powder or red pepper pigment on the performance and egg yolk color of laying hens. In Exp. 1, 210, thirty-wk old, Hy-line Brown laying hens were fed one of seven diets containing 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.0, 4.8 or 9.6 ppm red pepper pigment or 0.3 ppm carophyll red. Each diet was fed to three replicate batteries of hens with each battery consisting of a row of five cages of hens with two hens per cage (n = 3). In Exp. 2, 180, thirty-wk old, Hyline Brown laying hens, housed similarly to those in Exp. 1, were fed an unsupplemented basal diet as well as treatments in which the basal diet was supplemented with 0.8% red pepper powder processed in a laboratory blender to an average particle size of $300{\mu}m$, 0.8% red pepper powder processed as a super fine powder with a vibrational mill ($44{\mu}m$) and finally 0.8% red pepper powder processed as a super fine powder with a vibrational mill but mixed with 5% $Na_2CO_3$ either before or after grinding. A diet supplemented with 0.3 ppm carophyll red pigment was also included (n = 3). In both experiments, hens were fed the red pepper powder or pigment for 14 days. After feeding of the powder or pigment was terminated, all hens were fed the basal diet for eight more days to determine if the dietary treatments had any residual effects. In Exp. 1, there were no differences in egg-laying performance, feed consumption or feed conversion ratio due to inclusion of red pepper pigment in the diet. Average egg weight was higher (p<0.05) for birds fed 1.2, 2.4 or 9.6 ppm red pepper pigment than for birds fed the diet containing 0.3 ppm red pepper pigment. On d 14, egg color scores increased linearly as the level of red pepper pigment in the diet increased. In Exp. 2, feeding red pepper powder did not affect egg-laying performance, feed consumption or feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). However, compared with the control group, supplementation with all of the red pepper powder treatments increased egg weight (p<0.05). All the red pepper powder treatments also increased (p<0.05) the yolk color score compared with the control. The results of the present study suggest that both red pepper powder and pigment are effective feed additives for improving egg yolk color for laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1318-1323
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• 2008

Corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a completely new feed ingredient in the Korean feed market. There is an ever increasing need for the Korean feed industry to import and make the best of it as a high protein and high energy feed ingredient. A layer feeding trial was conducted for 10 weeks to investigate the effects of addition of light-colored DDGS to layer diets on laying performance, egg qualities and yolk fatty acid composition. Also, the economics of using DDGS in the Korean situation was analyzed. Nine hundred Hy-line Brown layers, 24 weeks of age, were employed in a feeding trial consisting of four dietary treatments (0, 10, 15, and 20% DDGS), and five replicates per treatment. All experimental diets were prepared as iso-protein (17%) and iso-calorie (TMEn 2,780 kcal/kg). The use of DDGS up to 20% in layer diets did not exert any influence on feed intake, laying rate, total egg mass, mean egg weight and feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). The color and breaking strength of eggshell, as well as the albumin height and Haugh unit were not affected by the addition of DDGS up to 20% in the diet. The yolk color was significantly increased by DDGS supplementation (p<0.05). As the DDGS level increased, the oleic acid content decreased, and the linoleic acid increased (p<0.05) in egg yolk. The degree of saturation of yolk fatty acids was not affected by DDGS supplementation. The inclusion of light-colored DDGS up to 20% in layer diets resulted in a decrease of feed cost per kg without any undesirable effect on laying performance. In conclusion, the light-colored DDGS (L* 56.65) could be used up to 20% in layer diets without any harmful effect on laying performance, and possibly provide economic benefits to the Korean poultry industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 1996

To evaluate the feeding effect of oriental medicine on the functional properties of pork, male pigs(Sus scrofa var. domesticus L.) were fed commercial basic diets containing 1.0%, 3.0% and 7.0% of oriental medicine complex from 30 or 45 days before slaughter. The growth pattern and physical conditions of pigs during the feeding period were checked, and after slaughter, the taste of pork and biological characteristics of serum were analyzed. Body weight gain was significantly increased in case of 45 day feeding groups of 3.0 and 7.0% compared with control group (p<0.05), whereas food intakes were slightly decreased in these groups. Triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were effectively decreased in the same feeding groups compared with control group (p<0.01~0.001). Three percent feeding group not only effectively decreased the LDL-cholesterol levels, but also sig-nificantly decreased the atherogenic index in 30 days(p<0.001). Malondialdehyde levels and hy-droxyl radical formations were effectively inhibited in all oriental medicine feeding groups. Superoxide dismutase activities were effectively increased only in 3.0% feeding groups, HDL-cholesterol levels almost did not change in 3.0% and 7.0% feeding groups in 30 days. External and sensory evaluations make satisfactory results in all oriectal medicines feeding groups. According to the experimental results, the growth pattern and physical nomditions of the pigs fed oriental medicine without feeding any antibiotics were relatively superior to those of control group. The authors suggest that, if more than 3.0% of oriental medicine were fed to the pigs from more then 30 days before slaughter the pork is reatively better than those of general pork not only for the modulating the chronic degenerative diseases, but also for its qualities and tastes.