• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.2111-2111
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• 2001

A chemoinfometrical method for evaluating the quantitative determination of crystallinity one polymorphs based on fourie-transformed near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was established. A direct comparison of the data with the ones collected from using the and compared with the conventional powder X-ray diffraction method was performed. [Method] The pPure a and g forms of indomethacin (IMC) were prepared by reportedusing published methods. Six kinds of standard samples obtained by physically mixing of a and g forms. After the powder X-ray diffraction profiles of samples have been measured, the intensity values were normalized to against the intensity of silicon powder as the as an external standard. The calibration curves for quantification of crystal content were based upon the total relative intensity of four diffraction peaks from of the form g crystal. FT-NIR spectra of six calibration sample sets were recorded 5 times with the NIR spectrometer (BRAN+LUEBBE). Chemoinfometric analysis was performed on the NIR spectral data sets by applying the principal component regression (PCR). [Results] The relation between the actual and predicted polymorphic contents of form g IMC measured using by the X-ray diffraction method shows a good straight linen linear relation., and it has slope of 0.023, an intercept of 0.131 and a correlation coefficient of 0.986. PCR analyses wereis was performed based on normalized NIR spectra sets offer standard samples of known content of IMC g form. IMC. A calibration equation was determined to minimize the root mean square error of the predictionthe prediction. Figure 1 shows a plot of the calibration data obtained by NIR method between the actual and predicted contents of form g IMC. The predicted values were reproducible and had a smaller standard deviation. Figure 2 shows that the plot for the predicted transformation rate (%) of form a IMC to form g as measured by X-ray diffractomeoy against to those as measured by NIR method. The plot has a slope of 1.296, an intercept of 1,109, and a correlation coefficient of 0.992. The line represents a satisfactory correlation between the two predicted values of form g IMC content. Thus NIR spectroscopy is an effective method for the evaluation to the pharmaceutical products of quantitative of polymorph.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.259-265
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• 2004

A quicker method was developed for foliar analysis in diagnosis of nitrogen in apple trees based on multivariate calibration procedure using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR) to establish the relationship between reflectance spectra in the near infrared region and nitrogen content of fresh- and dry-leaf. Several spectral pre-processing methods such as smoothing, mean normalization, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and derivatives were used to improve the robustness and performance of the calibration models. Norris first derivative with a seven point segment and a gap of six points on MSC gave the best result of partial least squares-1 PLS-1) model for dry-leaf samples with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) equal to $0.699g\;kg^{-1}$, and that the Savitzky-Golay first derivate with a seven point convolution and a quadratic polynomial on MSC gave the best results of PLS-1 model for fresh-samples with RMSEP of $1.202g\;kg^{-1}$. The best PCR model was obtained with Savitzky-Golay first derivative using a seven point convolution and a quadratic polynomial on mean normalization for dry leaf samples with RMSEP of $0.553g\;kg^{-1}$, and obtained with the Savitzky-Golay first derivate using a seven point convolution and a quadratic polynomial for fresh samples with RMSEP of $1.047g\;kg^{-1}$. The results indicate that nitrogen can be determined by the near infrared reflectance (NIR) technology for fresh- and dry-leaf of apple.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.227-239
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• 2014

This paper proposes an enhance prediction for conventional near-lossless coder to effectively lower external memory bandwidth in image processing SoC. First, we utilize an already reconstructed green component as a base of predictor of the other color component because high correlation between RGB color components usually exists. Next, we can improve prediction performance by applying variable block size prediction. Lastly, we use minimum internal memory and improve a temporal prediction performance by using a template dictionary that is sampled in previous frame. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm shows better performance than the previous works. Natural images have approximately 30% improvement in coding efficiency and CG images have 60% improvement on average.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 1984

The structure of rapidly solidified Al-Si-based alloys and its relationship to subsequent anodic film growth in near neutral and acid solutions have been investigated. Solidification of the alloys proceeds via pre-dendritic nuclei, associated with rugosity of the casting surface, from which cellular-type growth, comprised of aluminium-rich material surrounded by silicon-containing material, emanates. Observation of ultramicrotomed sections of the alloys and their anodic films reveals the local oxidation of the silicon-rich phase and its incorporation into the anodic alumina film, formed in near neutral solutions. Such incorporation occurs but resultant isolation of the silicon-rich phase is not possible for anodizing in phosphoric acid, and a three-dimensional network of the oxidized silicon-containing phase, with continuing development of porous anodic alumina, is observed.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2007

In this paper we introduce the notion of strongly regular near-subtraction semigroups (right). We have shown that a near-subtraction semigroup X is strongly regular if and only if it is regular and without non zero nilpotent elements. We have also shown that in a strongly regular near-subtraction semigroup X, the following holds: (i) Xa is an ideal for every a $\in$ X (ii) If P is a prime ideal of X, then there exists no proper k-ideal M such that P $\subset$ M (iii) Every ideal I of X fulfills $I=I^2$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1991

Suspended sediment budget in Gwangyang Bay was investigated using the data of suspended sediment concentration and vertical distribution of tidal currents at the mouth of the bay in the Yeosu Sound (Yeosu Haeman) . At the mouth of the bay suspended sediment concentration shows much higher value of approximately 17.80mg/l on the average near the bottom than the concentration near the surface where the average is 4.7mg/l. Tidal currents also show an asymmetry in magnitude between flood and ebb. Near the surface ebb is stronger than flood, while flood is stronger than ebb near the bottom. Due to the higher concentration and stronger flood current near the bottom, transport of suspended sediment near the bottom plays a major role to the sediment budget in the bay, and the bay is in net-depositional environment. The western part of the bay seems to gain the suspended sediment of approximately $5.66\times10^8g/day$, which corresponds to a sedimentation rate of about 1.15m/1,000years.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

In binary-modulation non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), there has been rare researches for the 1+1 capacity region to be achieved; how much total power is required and what power allocation is assigned for this total power. In this paper, the average total transmitted power to achieve 1+1 capacity region of binary pulse amplitude modulation (2PAM) NOMA is investigated, with a tolerable loss. Then, based on the sufficient average total transmitted power, we calculate the power allocation coefficient to achieve 1+1 capacity region. Furthermore, it is shown by numerical results that with the tolerable loss less than 0.008, near 1+1 capacity region is achieved. We also calculate numerically the power allocation coefficient for both users to achieve near 1+1 capacity region. As a result, for 2PAM NOMA to operate near 1+1 capacity region, proper total power with appropriate power allocation could be calculated in design of NOMA systems.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 1982

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.135-140
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• 1998

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.287-295
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• 2001