• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.513-526
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the Traditional Play-centered Obesity Control Cooperative Learning Program based on the cooperative learning theory on obesity rate, physical fitness, self-esteem, and body image specifically in obese elementary school children. Methods: The research design for this study was based on a non- equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted from September, 5 to November 30, 2012. The subjects included 74 obese children ($Exp.=25^{(a)}$, $Com.=24^{(b)}$, $Cont.=25^{(c)}$) with an obesity rate above 20% at an elementary school in G City. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 18.0, using Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe test. Results: The obesity rate (F=4.033, p<.022) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the group (Com, Cont), in which the Traditional Play-Centered Obesity Control Cooperative Learning Program was not implemented. Self-esteem (F=4.310, p<.017) also caused significant differences. However, physical fitness (Muscular endurance F=1.545, p=.220; Flexibility F=.671, p=.514; Agility F=1.594, p=.210; Speed F=5.386, p<.007, scheffe (a,b

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.5-15
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• 2002

For the noise reduction measures in a construction field where noise sources such as blasting and pile driving works exist, the construction of the sound barrier near the noise source or receiver is often the most economic measure in order to exclude the propagated sound. The dimension of the barrier is decided by the noise and construction design, and the constructive quality of a soundproof panel shall be secured in accordance with KS F4770 to guarantee the safety of sound barriers. In this paper the problems included in the KS F4770-1 that is the regulation for the metallic sound barrier of the absorption type are identified and it is suggested what to be corrected or improved. Through a series of the analyses, conclusion were reached that it is required to improve test methods in KS F4770-1 as well as to break down loads for building more cost-effective sound barrier. In addition, KS F4770-1 was compared with ZTV-Lsw 88 which is the german regulation for sound barrier design. As a result, it was found that the Korean regulation is more conservative than that of Germany.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2012

The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite combination treatments of radiation and chemotherapy, the survival periods are very short. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the potential of ginsenoside $F_2$ (F2) to treat GBM. In in vitro experiments with glioblastoma cells U373MG, F2 showed the cytotoxic effect with $IC_{50}$ of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ through apoptosis, confirmed by DNA condensation and fragmentation. The cell population of cell cycle sub-G1 as indicative of apoptosis was also increased. In xenograft model in SD rats, F2 at dosage of 35 mg/kg weight was intravenously injected every two days. This reduced the tumor growth in magnetic resonance imaging images. The immunohistochemistry revealed that the anticancer activity might be mediated through inhibition of proliferation judged by Ki67 and apoptosis induced by activation of caspase-3 and -8. And the lowered expression of CD31 showed the reduction in blood vessel densities. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 for invasion of cancer was also inhibited. The cell populations with cancer stem cell markers of CD133 and nestin were reduced. The results of this study suggested that F2 could be a new potential chemotherapeutic drug for GBM treatment by inhibiting the growth and invasion of cancer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1241-1255
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• 2021

This study was carried out to explore a non-chemical strategy for enhancing productivity by employing some antagonistic rhizobacteria. One hundred eighteen bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizospheric zone of various crop fields of Gangwon-do, Korea, and screened for antifungal activity against Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae) in lettuce crop under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In broth-based dual culture assay, fourteen bacterial isolates showed significant inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporium f. sp. lactucae. All of the antagonistic isolates were further characterized for the antagonistic traits under in vitro conditions. The isolates were identified on the basis of biochemical characteristics and confirmed at their species level by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Arthrobacter sulfonivorans, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas proteolytica, four Paenibacillus peoriae strains, and Bacillus subtilis were identified from the biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The isolates EN21 and EN23 showed significant decrease in disease severity on lettuce compared to infected control and other bacterial treatments under greenhouse conditions. Two bacterial isolates, EN4 and EN21, were evaluated to assess their disease reduction and growth promotion in lettuce in field conditions. The consortium of EN4 and EN21 showed significant enhancement of growth on lettuce by suppressing disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae respectively. This study clearly indicates that the promising isolates, EN4 (P. proteolytica) and EN21 (Bacillus siamensis), can be commercialized and used as biofertilizer and/or biopesticide for sustainable crop production.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.415-422
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• 1995

Twenty-four flavones were synthesized with various hydroxyl and/or methoxyl groups on A and B rings. Their antimutagenic properties were evaluated against ben:w(a)pyrene (BaP) and a pool of mutagenic urine concentrate (U) using a modified liquid incubation method of Ames test. The tester strain was Salmonella typhimurium TA98+S9 Mix. The antimutagenic activities were calculated by non linear regression analysis and the doses of flavones (in nmoles) required for a 50% reduction of induced revertants with BaP and U were defined as the inhibition doses (TEX>$ID_{508}{\;}and{\;}ID_{508}$ respectively). Seventeen flavones possessed significant antimutagenic activity against BaP. $ID_{508}$ ranged from 15.1 nmoles (F22) to 1000.6 nmoles (F13). Eighteen f1avones showed significant antimutagenic activity against U. $ID_{50U}$ ranged from 23.5 nmoles (F22) to 354.6 nmoles (F3). The 2',3',4'-trihydroxyflavone (F22, $ID_{508}=15.1$ nmoles, $ID_{50U}=23.5$ nmoles) and the 2',3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavone (F20, $ID_{508}=37.8$ nmoles; $ID_{50U}=62.3$ nmoles) had antimutagenic activities similar to those of chlorophyllin ($ID_{508}=19.6$ nmoles and $ID_{50U}=44.2$ nmoles) and were evaluated against B(alP 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide. Against this last mutagen, the flavones which included three OH in B ring showed the highest activity and this property seemed independent of the substituent groups on A ring.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

To define the functions of the rpf genes in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which regulates pathogenicity factors in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), marker-exchange mutants of each rpf gene were generated. When the mutants were inoculated on a susceptible cultivar, the lesion lengths caused by the rpfB, rpfC, rpfF, and rpfG mutants were significantly smaller than those caused by the wild type, whereas those caused by the rpfA, rpfD, and rpfI mutants were not. Several virulence determinants, including extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, xylanase production, and motility, were significantly decreased in the four mutants. However, the cellulase activity in the mutants was unchanged. Complementation of the rpfB and rpfC mutations restored the virulence and the expression of the virulence determinants. Expression analysis of 14 virulence genes revealed that the expression of genes related to EPS production (gumG and gumM), LPS (xanA, xanB, wxoD, and wxoC), phytase (phyA), xylanase (xynB), lipase (lipA), and motility (pitA) were reduced significantly in the mutants rpfB, rpfC, rpfF, and rpfG. In contrast, the expression of genes related to cellulase (eglxob, clsA), cellobiosidase (cbsA), and iron metabolism (fur) was unchanged. The results of this study clearly show that rpfB, rpfC, rpfF, and rpfG are important for the virulence of Xoo KACC10859, and that virulence genes are regulated differently by the Rpfs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.375-383
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the protective role of polyherbal feed supplement (Growell) during induced mycotoxicosis in broilers. A total of 240 Vencobb broilers were divided at day old stage into eight equal groups. Group A served as control and was given plain feed, group B, D, F and H were given Growell at 0.35 g/kg of feed. Group C, D, G and H were given dietary aflatoxin $B_1$ at 0.2 ppm and groups E, F, G and H were given ochratoxin A at 0.2 ppm in feed to study effect of Growell on individual aflatoxicosis, ochratoxicosis and combined mycotoxicosis of broilers. The chicks were given their respective feeds from 1st day to 6th week of age and were vaccinated at 7th and 28th day of age with Lasota strain of Newcastle disease virus. There was no statistically significant effect of mycotoxins individually or in combination on body weight of broilers. However, body weights were highest in group B and lowest in co-mycotoxicated group G. Feed conversion ratio was best in group B followed by A, D, F, E, H and G. Significant improvement in haemoglobin values was observed in broilers due to feeding of Growell in ochratoxin and co-mycotoxicated groups. There was no significant effect of mycotoxin treatment on PCV, TEC and TLC of broilers. Due to single and combined mycotoxicosis, there was reduction in serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride and rise in alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and uric acid levels. Supplementation of diets with Growell reduced the alterations induced due to mycotoxins. There was a significant rise in per cent organ weight of liver and reduction of that of spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus of broilers fed mycotoxins. Protection from alteration in per cent organ weight of these organ by supplementation of Growell was recorded. The observed impaired immune response and histopathological changes in liver, kidney, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus of broilers given mycotoxins were protected by supplementation of Growell.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.367-383
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• 2016

The influence mechanism of mean value components, noted as $P_0$, on POD applications for complete random fields $P_C(t)$ and fluctuating random fields $P_F(t)$ are illustrated mathematically. The critical philosophy of the illustration is introduction of a new matrix, defined as the correlation function matrix of $P_0$, which connect the correlation function matrix of $P_C(t)$ and $P_F(t)$, and their POD results. Then, POD analyses for several different wind pressure fields were presented comparatively as validation. It's inevitable mathematically that the first eigenmode of $P_C(t)$ resembles the distribution of $P_0$ and the first eigenvalue of $P_C(t)$ is close to the energy of $P_0$, due to similarity of the correlation function matrixs of $P_C(t)$ and $P_0$. However, the viewpoint is not rigorous mathematically that the first mode represents the mean pressure and the following modes represent the fluctuating pressure when $P_C(t)$ are employed in POD application. When $P_C(t)$ are employed, POD results of all modes would be distorted by the mean value components, and it's impossible to identify $P_0$ and $P_F(t)$ separately. Consequently, characteristics of the fluctuating component, which is always the primary concern in wind pressure field analysis, can only be precisely identified with $P_0$ excluded in POD.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sageretia thea is traditionally used as a medicinal herb to treat various diseases, including skin disorders, in China and Korea. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Sageretia thea fruit on melanogenesis and its underlying mechanisms in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. The active chemical compounds in anti-melanogenesis were determined in Sageretia thea. MATERIALS/METHODS: Solvent fractions from the crude extract were investigated for anti-melanogenic activities. These activities and the mechanism of anti-melanogenesis in B16F10 cells were examined by determining melanin content and tyrosinase activity, and by performing western blotting. RESULTS: The n-hexane fraction of Sageretia thea fruit (HFSF) exhibited significant anti-melanogenic activity among the various solvent fractions without reducing viability of B16F10 cells. The HFSF suppressed the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1). The reduction of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression by the HFSF was mediated by the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta ($GSK3{\beta}$) signaling pathway, which promotes the reduction of ${\beta}-catenin$. Treatment with the $GSK3{\beta}$ inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) restored HFSF-induced inhibition of MITF expression. The HFSF bioactive constituents responsible for anti-melanogenic activity were identified by bioassay-guided fractionation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis as methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that HFSF and its constituents, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, could be used as whitening agents in cosmetics and have potential for treating hyperpigmentation disorders in the clinic.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2013

Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum cause yield losses in numerous economically important crops. To develop a bio-control agent, cell free extracellular compounds (ECs) of 5 bacterial strains Burkholdria sp. L1, Pseudomonas sp. L4, Pseudomonas chlororaphis VN391, Bacillus subtilis VN21 and Enterobacter sp. VN99 from Vietnamese fields, which reduced levels of R. solani root rot in lettuces and F. oxysporum root rot in tomatoes, were investigated. In a growth chamber, ECs of all antagonists markedly enhanced the biomass of lettuces (10 to 14.1%) and tomatoes (11.38 to 13.88%). In greenhouses, the disease's severity on both crops treated with ECs of the antagonists was reduced significantly and biomass losses in the plants decreased markedly. The reduction level of R. solani root rot in lettuces was 75, 66.7, 50, and 16.7% by ECs of strains L1, L4, VN21 and VN391, respectively. The biomass of lettuces increased markedly by 29.13%, 21.67%, and 23.4% by ECs of strains L1, L4 and VN21, respectively. Similarly, the reduction levels of F. oxysporum root rot in tomatoes was 76.3, 75, 41.7 and 25% by ECs of strain L1, L4, VN21 and VN391, respectively, and the biomass was significantly enhanced by 14.42, 12.7 and 13%, respectively. The ECs of strain L1 exhibited the most effective bio-control agents to suppress R. solani and F. oxysporum.