• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.253-264
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the practice of scientists from the perspective of Ian Hacking's 'creation of phenomena'. Scientific phenomena, according to Hacking, are regular and do not exist in nature without the intervention of scientists or experimental tools. This study tries to derive scientific educational meaning by analyzing the thoughts and episodes of the 'Sontanda (inter-individual variability)' phenomenon experienced by four life scientists. The Sontanda phenomenon is a common term used by scientists to describe phenomena in which findings do not appear consistently even when studies are carried out using the same experimental procedure and materials. The following four educational implications were discovered as a result of the research. First, we confirmed the importance of embodied knowledge, or non-verbal knowledge, which solves issues by making appropriate judgments and reactions at all times, rather than simply becoming accustomed to the experimental method. This argues that propositional knowledge and non-verbal knowledge should be handled equally in order to provide students with a practical scientific inquiry. Second, we tried to reconsider the picture of the experiment. The phenomenon revealed in the interviews of scientists is rare, and it takes a long time to stabilize the phenomenon. On the other hand, the image of school experiments is always positive and consistent, necessitating a shift in perspective. Third, the precise meaning of scientific practice could be confirmed. This study confirms that scientists use their knowledge effectively in line with the circumstances, and we examined strategies to apply scientific practice to school instruction based on this. Finally, by provoking uncertainty, the Sontanda phenomena may give students with an opportunity to engage in meaningful scientific involvement. By breaking away from the cookbook experiment, this study expects school experimental education to help in efforts to experience scientific practice.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.153-170
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• 2021

This study was attempted to derive strategic implications for activating professional sports by conducting in-depth interviews with professional sports officials such as players, teams, federations, agencies, etc., by searching for factors that cause match fixing and deriving preventive strategies based on them. Eight people with more than 3 years of experience working in professional sports were selected using the snowball sampling technique. Data were collected and analyzed by applying a semi-structured in-depth interview method for them. As a result of the analysis, five core categories (the learning effect from the cartel for entering university, the culture learned in a camp training, the manifestation of the latent learning effect, the negative effect of the human network, the personal disposition) were derived as factors causing match-fixing. As for the strategy to prevent match fixing, first, improving the college entrance examination system oriented on individual capability, second, improving the education system for student athlete, third, establishing a prevention system, fourth, continuing education, fifth, and activating the agent system as the core categories. Implications for the derived research results and future research directions were discussed.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.13-24
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• 2022

SNS has become a very close service to our daily life. As marketing is done through SNS, places often called hot places are created, and users are flocking to these places. However, it is often crowded with a large number of people in a short period of time, resulting in a negative experience for both visitors and service providers. In order to improve this problem, it is necessary to recognize the congestion level, but the method to determine the congestion level in a specific area at an individual level is very limited. Therefore, in this study, we tried to propose a system that can identify the congestion level information and the characteristics of visitors to a specific tourist destination by using the data on the SNS. For this purpose, posting data uploaded by users and image analysis were used, and the performance of the proposed system was verified using the Naver DataLab system. As a result of comparative verification by selecting three places by type of tourist destination, the results calculated in this study and the congestion level provided by DataLab were found to be similar. In particular, this study is meaningful in that it provides a degree of congestion based on real data of users that is not dependent on a specific company or service.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

Currently, the shipping and port industries are implementing strategies to improve port processing capabilities through the expansion and efficient operation of port logistics resources to survive fierce competition with rapidly changing trends. The calculation of the port's processing capacity is determined by the loading and unloading equipment installed at the dock, and the port's processing capacity can be improved through various methods, such as additional deployment of logistics resources or efficient operation of resources in use. However, it is difficult to expect an improvement effect in a short period of time because the additional deployment of logistics resources is clearly limited in time is clear. Therefore, it is a feasible way to find an efficient operation method for resources being used to improve processing capacity. Domestic ports are also actively promoting informatization and digitalization with the development of the 4th industrial revolution technology. However, the calculation of the number of Y/T (Yard Tractor) assignments in the current unloading process depends on expert experience, and related previous studies also focus on the allocations of Y/T or Calculation of the total number of Y/T required. Therefore, this study analyzed the factors affecting the number of Y/T allocations using the loading and unloading information of incoming ships, and based on this, cluster analysis, regression analysis, and deep neural network(DNN) model were used.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.289-301
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• 2021

When investigating old, printed documents, determining whether a work is printed on a woodblock or using a movable metal type is crucial. It is because the history of printing in Korea and across the world relies on determining the relevant printing invention used and the time of use of the movable metal type. Deciphering details from woodblock and metal prints requires various kinds of information regarding the imprint and the work's printing background, such as information on the characters in the printed document, the outline of the pages, the type of ink used, the production period of the ink, and the production period of the Korean paper. Analyzing such information can generally reveal the production period and the methods used on the old document. However, as such information is not documented systematically, relying on the researcher's judgment based on their experience and perception becomes inevitable. This study conducted an experimental investigation of the printing characteristics of woodblock prints using a replicated woodblock of the Wanpanbon edition of the Shimcheongjeon. Subsequently, the various phenomena and characteristics appearing on the woodblock prints were documented for future reference to determine the printing method of old documents. Finally, woodblock novels without an imprint may be used as a reference to estimate the printing dates by determining the degree of wear on the woodblock.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2021

This study is a study to systematize the R&D activities of social enterprises to derive a logical model of the R&D support policy, and aims to systematize the R&D activities based on the R&D demand survey and R&D activity analysis of social enterprises. R&D activities of social enterprises are at an early stage or are not systematic compared to general enterprises, so the process modeling method is used to group detailed activity elements to standardize and systemize them. As a result of the research, social enterprises are aware of the necessity and importance of R&D activities to secure competitiveness of products and services to increase social value, and because of their lack of R&D experience and capabilities, R&D specialized institutes (R&D planning institutes, government-funded research institutes), Universities, etc.) and are expected to improve R&D capabilities. The performance indicators of social enterprise R&D activities are derived in units of input-process-performance indicators through demand survey, activity analysis, and in-depth interview (FGI), and the logical model of R&D support policy is in the areas related to business strategy and performance.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-135
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to identify the components of kindergartener horticultural education by deriving objective components of horticultural education using the Delphi survey method, and then to provide basic data that can be used when creating horticultural programs in the regular curriculum. Methods: A total of 32 experts including professors of early childhood education, kindergarten directors, horticultural therapy professors, and horticultural therapists were selected as the Delphi panel. Of the 32 selected, only 29 answered all three rounds of the surveys. For the first round of the survey, an open-ended questionnaire, was used, and in the second and third rounds closed-ended questionnaires were used. Results: Results indicated that under the category of the goals of horticultural education, there were 7 items related to the current problems of horticultural education, 16 items related to the need for horticultural education in the smart age, 18 items related to the direction of horticultural education, and 5 items related to the areas most suitable for horticulture education for young children in the Nuri Curriculum. Results in the category of the implementation of horticultural education indicated that 2 items related to horticultural education hours, 3 items related to the venue for horticultural education, 2 items related to the activity types applicable to the Nuri Curriculum, and 4 items related to the objects of horticultural activities were derived. As the current problems of horticultural education, the following items were identified: event-oriented activity (M = 4.24) and lack of kindergarten teachers' opportunities for systematic gardening education (M = 4.21). The results related to the necessity of horticultural education indicated the following items: education on respect for life through caring (M = 4.59), emotional intelligence and stability (M = 4.55), directly experience of the growth process of plants (M = 4.55), and development of the five senses (M = 4.55). Finally, within the direction of horticultural education: nurturing the desire to live with nature (M = 4.50), and learning about life (M = 4.44) was identified, which had higher averages. Within the areas of the Nuri Curriculum, which is most consistent with horticultural education, nature exploration (M = 4.69) and the integration of all areas (M = 4.59) were derived as priorities. Also, regarding the implementation of horticultural education, the following items were derived as the priority from the expert group: 30-40 minutes (M = 4.14) and 40-50 minutes (M = 4.14) for class periods, outdoor garden in a kindergarten(M = 4.66) for the venue of gardening education, outside play (M = 4.59) for the activity type, and vegetable crops (M = 4.55) for the objects of gardening activities. Conclusion: It is significant that the goal and implementation of kindergartner horticultural education were objectively derived through collecting opinions of expert panels. Based on the results of this study, a horticultural education program for kindergarten teachers should be implemented.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 2022

In this paper, we introduce a novel real-time, interactive animation system which uses real-time motion inputs from a low-cost motion-sensing device Kinect. Our system generates interaction motions between the user character and the counterpart character in real-time. While the motion of the user character is generated mimicking the user's input motion, the other character's motion is decided to react to the user avatar's motion. During a pre-processing step, our system analyzes the reference motion data and generates mapping model in advance. At run-time, our system first generates initial poses of two characters and then modifies them so that it could provide plausible interacting behavior. Our experimental results show plausible interacting animations in that the user character performs a modified motion of user input and the counterpart character properly reacts against the user character. The proposed method will be useful for developing real-time interactive animation systems which provide a better immersive experience for users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.322-334
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• 2022

This study attempted to understand the difficulties experienced in program development and class operation of instructors in the hands-on science class and the needs for training based on them. For this study, an online survey was conducted on 193 instructors in the hands-on science class in 2022, and interviews were conducted on 13 instructors. As a result, the difficulties of developing programs for hands-on science class instructors were due to lack of class content, lack of program development budget, lack of equipment necessary for class operation, and difficulty in applying various educational methods such as discussion and practice. The preferred training contents were in the order of the latest science and technology, reconstruction methods of existing programs, and regional specialization technology. In addition, it was found that the difficulties experienced by instructors in class management stemmed from the method of operating hands-on science classes using experience kits. Accordingly, instructor education should be provided in the direction of helping instructors to provide the best education in the situation of the hands-on science classroom.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.357-370
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• 2022

In this paper, we developed an augmented reality learning tool suitable for chemical bond learning and proposed a process-oriented guided inquiry learning using mobile augmented reality (POGIL-MAR) to find out how it affects science achievement, science learning motivation and learning flow. Participants were 139 10^th-grade students from a coeducational high school in Gyeonggi-do, and they were randomly assigned to the control group (TL), the treatment group 1 (POGIL), and the treatment group 2 (POGIL-MAR). They learned the concept of the chemical bond from the Integrated Science subject for four class periods. Results of two-way ANCOVA revealed that the POGIL-MAR group scored significantly higher than the other groups in a science achievement test, science learning motivation test, and learning flow test, regardless of their prior science achievement. In addition, in the case of the low-level group, the POGIL-MAR group showed a statistically significant improvement in achievement compared to the TL and POGIL groups. The MANCOVA analysis for sub-factors of science learning motivation show that the POGIL-MAR group had significantly higher scores in intrinsic motivation, career motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy, and grade motivation. In particular, the interaction effect between the teaching and learning method and the level of prior achievement was significant in the intrinsic motivation. Meanwhile, the MANCOVA analysis for sub-factors of learning flow show that the POGIL-MAR group had significantly higher scores in clear goals, unambiguous feedback, action-awareness merging, sense of control, and autotelic experience. Based on the results, educational implications for effective teaching and learning strategy using mobile augmented reality are discussed.