• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.220-235
• /
• 2002

Ryuseo(類書) is a type of traditional books and seems like today's encyclopedia. For compilation of this book, the contents with good ideas and the improvement in method of editing are very important. The process of development, basic form, reception and transformation, the method of succession in today were investigated with the traditional Ryuseo through this study. In Korea, the publishing of this book in the beginning was just republishing of Chinese Ryuseo. During the reign of king Sunjo of Chosun dynasty, Ryuseo for Korean, "Daedongeunbugunok(大東韻府群玉)" was published. Also the basic form of Ryuseo had to be changed in this period. Kimyuk increased practical use of this book by summarizing "Samunryuchui(事文類聚)". The first complete Korean Ryuseo was "Kosachalyo(故事撮要)" that was published in 1554, king Myungjong. In the book was included contents about diplomacy and daily life by Eosukkwun. In 1771, king Youngjo, "Kosashinseo(故事新書)" was published. It had more information about actual life than Kosachalyo. Ryuseo should be considered with two things when it is read by modern readers. One is the development of material for study and another is to ensure the readers. So Ryuseo could be a good basic material for developing contents of internet. Reproduction of this book by new one should be considered with increasing its function. Because reforming classical material by digital one is necessary for daily life in today.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.77-98
• /
• 2022

Objectives : This paper intends to examine the essence of Joseon's cultivation techniques as written in the vast encyclopedia Imwon-gyeongje-ji. Methods : Items related to cultivation techniques in the Imwon-gyeongje-ji were brought together and analyzed through various cases that match the theme and structure of this paper, focusing on the relationship of Body-Environment-Society Results & Conclusions : Based on the contents of the Imwon-gyeongje-ji, it could be said that Seo Yu-gu consistently attempted to secure and improve health, well-being, and welfare in all levels of an individual's body, environment, and society while stating to have integrated Buddhist and Daoist methods based on Confucius cultivation. This thought is linked to the ideals of Zhongyong, one of the main scriptures of Confucianism, which could be summarized by the concept of the Heaven-Earth Cultivation. In specific, contents within the 16 treaties of the Imwon-gyeongje-ji such as the Boyang-ji, Inje-ji, Jeongjo-ji, Yewon-ji, Yiwun-ji, Yuye-ji, Yegyu-ji, etc., that could be categorized as personal, environmental and societal cultivation has great implications for people today in that it could lead us to an integrated path of cultivation through the inter-connection of body, environment, and society.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2022

The ascomycete fungus Cordyceps militaris infects lepidopteran larvae and pupae and forms characteristic fruiting bodies. Owing to its immune-enhancing effects, the fungus has been used as a medicine. For industrial application, this fungus can be grown on geminated soybeans as an alternative protein source. In our study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis to identify core gene sets during C. militaris cultivation on germinated soybeans. RNA-Seq technology was applied to the fungal cultures at seven-time points (2, 4, and 7-day and 2, 3, 5, 7-week old cultures) to investigate the global transcriptomic change. We conducted a time-series analysis using a two-step regression strategy and chose 1460 significant genes and assigned them into five clusters. Characterization of each cluster based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases revealed that transcription profiles changed after two weeks of incubation. Gene mapping of cordycepin biosynthesis and isoflavone modification pathways also confirmed that gene expression in the early stage of GSC cultivation is important for these metabolic pathways. Our transcriptomic analysis and selected genes provided a comprehensive molecular basis for the cultivation of C. militaris on germinated soybeans.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.16.1-16.14
• /
• 2021

Even in the current age of advanced medicine, the prognosis of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) remains abysmal. Molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of MPM are still largely not understood. Adopting an integrated bioinformatics approach, this study aims to identify the key genes and pathways responsible for MPM. Genes that are differentially expressed in MPM in comparison with the peritoneum of healthy controls have been identified by analyzing a microarray gene expression dataset. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of these differentially expressed genes (DEG) were conducted to gain a better insight. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the proteins encoded by the DEGs was constructed using STRING and hub genes were detected analyzing this network. Next, the transcription factors and miRNAs that have possible regulatory roles on the hub genes were detected. Finally, survival analyses based on the hub genes were conducted using the GEPIA2 web server. Six hundred six genes were found to be differentially expressed in MPM; 133 are upregulated and 473 are downregulated. Analyzing the STRING generated PPI network, six dense modules and 12 hub genes were identified. Fifteen transcription factors and 10 miRNAs were identified to have the most extensive regulatory functions on the DEGs. Through bioinformatics analyses, this work provides an insight into the potential genes and pathways involved in MPM.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.357-365
• /
• 2022

Schizophyllum commune has emerged as the most promising model mushroom to study developmental stages (mycelium, primordium), which are two primary processes of fruit body development. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been proved to participate in fruit development and sex differentiation in fungi. However, potential lncRNAs have not been identified in S. commune from mycelium to primordium developmental stages. In this study, lncRNA-seq was performed in S. commune and 61.56 Gb clean data were generated from mycelium and primordium developmental stages. Furthermore, 191 lncRNAs had been obtained and a total of 49 lncRNAs were classified as differently expressed lncRNAs. Additionally, 26 up-regulated differently expressed lncRNAs and 23 down-regulated between mycelium and primordia libraries were detected. Further, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs target genes from the MAPK pathway, phosphatidylinositol signal, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, autophagy, and cell cycle. This study provides a new resource for further research on the relationship between lncRNA and two developmental stages (mycelium, primordium) in S. commune.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 2008

The paper aims at showing the subsumption relations of the Wordnet can be captured automatically from a dynamic encyclopedia such as Wikipedia with a meaningful precision. The idea behind the proposal is that a knowledge base in the form of Wordnet can be dynamically obtained and maintained accordingly to the online dictionaries so that the scalability of knowledge base construction may be achieved to some degree. To show the plausibility of dynamic ISA construction, we have tested how well the ISA relations among the 100 technology terms selected from the Wordnet can be saved from the ISA construction by the wiki definitions of the selected terms. As a result the wiki definition led to the ISA relations of the Wordnet with the precision of 80%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.10
• /
• pp.1496-1511
• /
• 2015

The study aimed to compare the necrotic enteritis (NE)-induced transcriptome differences between the spleens of Marek's disease resistant chicken line 6.3 and susceptible line 7.2 co-infected with Eimeria maxima/Clostridium perfringens using RNA-Seq. Total RNA from the spleens of two chicken lines were used to make libraries, generating 42,736,296 and 42,617,720 usable reads, which were assembled into groups of 29,897 and 29,833 mRNA genes, respectively. The transcriptome changes were investigated using the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) package, which indicated 3,255, 2,468 and 2,234 DEGs of line 6.3, line 7.2, and comparison between two lines, respectively (fold change ${\geq}2$, p<0.01). The transcription levels of 14 genes identified were further examined using qRT-PCR. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the RNA-seq data. All of the DEGs were analysed using gene ontology terms, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and the DEGs in each term were found to be more highly expressed in line 6.3 than in line 7.2. RNA-seq analysis indicated 139 immune related genes, 44 CD molecular genes and 150 cytokines genes which were differentially expressed among chicken lines 6.3 and 7.2 (fold change ${\geq}2$, p<0.01). Novel mRNA analysis indicated 15,518 novel genes, for which the expression was shown to be higher in line 6.3 than in line 7.2 including some immune-related targets. These findings will help to understand host-pathogen interaction in the spleen and elucidate the mechanism of host genetic control of NE, and provide basis for future studies that can lead to the development of marker-based selection of highly disease-resistant chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.782-792
• /
• 2016

As the most common neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the main health concerns for the elderly population. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as biomarkers of infectious, genetic, and metabolic diseases in humans but they have not been well studied in domestic animals. Here we describe a computational biology study in which human AD- and PD-associated miRNAs (ADM and PDM) were utilized to predict orthologous miRNAs in the following domestic animal species: dog, cow, pig, horse, and chicken. In this study, a total of 121 and 70 published human ADM and PDM were identified, respectively. Thirty-seven miRNAs were co-regulated in AD and PD. We identified a total of 105 unrepeated human ADM and PDM that had at least one 100% identical animal homolog, among which 81 and 54 showed 100% sequence identity with 241 and 161 domestic animal miRNAs, respectively. Over 20% of the total mature horse miRNAs (92) showed perfect matches to AD/PD-associated miRNAs. Pigs, dogs, and cows have similar numbers of AD/PD-associated miRNAs (63, 62, and 59). Chickens had the least number of perfect matches (34). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested that humans and dogs are relatively similar in the functional pathways of the five selected highly conserved miRNAs. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence for better understanding the miRNA-AD/PD associations in domestic animals, and provides guidance to generate domestic animal models of AD/PD to replace the current rodent models.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.25-50
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study is to overview what changes happened on the maritime field during the early Meiji period, how the compilation of 'Japan Fisheries' linked to the changes, and when the 'Japan Fisheries' was launched, completed and published. The trilogy of Japan Fishing Method, Japan Fishery Products, and Japan's Useful Marine Products are called "Japan's Fishery." These were completed in 1895 for almost ten years since the compilation project was launched in 1886 at the Agricultural and Commercial Ministry. Japan Fishing Method selected, improved and recorded excellent fishing and fishing methods in various Japanese regions at that time whereas Japan Fisheries Products chose excellent fish products from various methods of manufacturing and recorded the enactment and sale of fishery products. Japan's Useful Marine Products is not currently passed on, so it is not known what kind of useful marine products are recorded. However, it can be assumed that the classification method of the "Japanese Fishing Classification Table" published in 1889 was based on the Japan Fishing Index. The cited texts in Japan Fisheries Products are up to 55 documents, including Engisiki and Wakansanzaizukai's "Report of the Great Japan Fishery Association," "Ariticle of the Fisheries Fair," "The Western Fishery Manufacturing Technique" and "Trade Situation with China." Completed with extensive research from old books to the latest fishery information, "Japan's Fishery" is Japan's best "Marine Products Encyclopedia" at the time. It is also a valuable literature that can trace fishing and fishing techniques and methods of manufacturing marine products in each Japanese fishing village before the end of the nineteenth century.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 2015

"G protein-coupled receptor 40" (GPR40), a receptor for long-chain fatty acids, mediates the stimulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. We examined the profiles of differential gene expression in GPR40-activated cells treated with linoleic acid, and finally predicted the integral pathways of the cellular mechanism of GPR40-mediated insulinotropic effects. After constructing a GPR40-overexpressing stable cell line (RIN-40) from the rat pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell line RIN-5f, we determined the gene expression profiles of RIN-5f and RIN-40. In total, 1004 genes, the expression of which was altered at least twofold, were selected in RIN-5f versus RIN-40. Moreover, the differential genetic profiles were investigated in RIN-40 cells treated with $30{\mu}M$ linoleic acid, which resulted in selection of 93 genes in RIN-40 versus RIN-40 treated with linoleic acid. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway (KEGG, http://www.genome.jp/kegg/), sets of genes induced differentially by treatment with linoleic acid in RIN-40 cells were found to be related to mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase- and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. A gene ontology (GO) study revealed that more than 30% of the genes were associated with signal transduction and cell proliferation. Thus, this study elucidated a gene expression pattern relevant to the signal pathways that are regulated by GPR40 activation during the acute period. Together, these findings increase our mechanistic understanding of endogenous molecules associated with GPR40 function, and provide information useful for identification of a target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.