• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-17
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to head injuries among drivers of personal mobility devices and provide insights into safety perceptions. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data of 221 trauma patients obtained from electronic medical records and the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) over one year, from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. The patients, all in their 20s and 30s, presented to a single emergency medical center following personal mobility device accidents (motorcycles, electric scooters, and bicycles). Results: Among motorcycle riders, 18.2% were not wearing helmets, while the percentage of e-scooter riders not wearing helmets was 87.5%. Wearing a helmet was associated with a 71.2% lower likelihood of head injuries (OR=0.288, CI=0.163 to 0.509, p=0.000). Of the personal mobility devices, motorcycles had a 0.431 times lower odds ratio for head injury compared to e-scooters (p=0.009), and there was no significant difference between e-scooters and bicycles (p=0.776). Conclusion: It is imperative to strengthen safety regulations by mandating helmet use for riders of personal mobility devices. A system to enhance driving enforcement for electric scooters, which are increasingly popular among young adults, should also be established.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.309-321
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• 2002

Purpose: A cost analysis for nursing services in operative nursing unit, emergency nursing unit, and ambulatory nursing unit was performed using patient classification system by nursing intensity in order to determine an appropriate nursing fee schedule. Method: The data were collected from 4 secondary hospitals and 5 tertiary hospitals from November 14th 2000 to January 15th 2001. The study was conducted through four phases as follows: 1) Nursing hours of each nursing service in special nursing units were measured using three kinds of patient classification systems by nursing intensity. 2) The nursing cost of nursing services in operative nursing unit, emergency nursing unit, and ambulatory nursing units was estimated based on patient classification system by nursing intensity. Results: As a result, nursing hours by nursing intensity of each special nursing unit were measured, and every nursing cost by nursing intensity in operation room and emergency room was estimated, meanwhile, the cost of nursing services in ambulatory care units was estimated only per visit as shown in chapter 4. Conclusion: Future research on nursing cost should be extended to other special nursing units such as various intensive nursing care units, delivery room, and so on. In addition, the patient classification system should be refined for its appropriateness to apply all levels of medical institutions.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-97
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the development and improvement direction of university education according to job type and investigate the types of knowledge required for employment after graduation for departments of emergency medical technology in preparation for the era of the fourth industrial revolution in a converged society. Methods: From June 3 to June 10, 2019, data were collected through structured questionnaires from 90 paramedics working in firefighting, hospitals, different industries, and emergency patient transportation. Data were analyzed using the software SPSS version 18.0. Results: For employment after graduation in departments of emergency medical technology, character and sincerity education should be strengthened. To prepare for the fourth industrial revolution, educational innovations such as improving the field practice system and devising a convergence curriculum are needed. Preparation for the fourth industrial revolution should be accomplished through the development of convergence subjects such as forensic science, information and communications technology, and safety engineering. Ninety percent of the study respondents indicated their need for convergence subjects. Conclusion: The demands of future society should be responded to flexibly by holding and conducting convergence subjects. Furthermore, preparations should be made in anticipation of a shortage of 120,000 college freshmen for the 2024-2025 school year by increasing the competitiveness of departments of emergency medical technology.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide basic data to aid in the effective adoption of the preceptor system for new paramedics by assessing the preceptor role awareness among senior 119 paramedics in the field. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 182 senior paramedics who each had more than 3 years field experience. The questionnaire measuring preceptor role awareness was composed of 64 items with responses based on a 5 point Likert scale. Data were collected from July 31, 2018 to August 29, 2018, and were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 24.0. Results: The average score for preceptor role awareness was 3.87 (supervisor = 3.95, resource person = 3.88, role model = 3.85, and instruction designer = 3.81). There were significant differences in preceptor role awareness among the participants based on competence (p =.002) and clinical skill (p =.000). Also, there were high positive correlations between preceptor role awareness and its subdivision (p <.01). Conclusion: For effective operation of the preceptor system in the future, the preceptors' role as designers of instruction and role models should be enhanced, Also, future preceptors are very important in the improvement of competence and clinical skill in the preceptor system. Therefore, it is necessary to provide training that enables new preceptors to effectively adopt and operate the preceptor system.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2005

In Korea, EMS Fund Operation seems to move the opposite direction to right way. The most initial EMS fund was consumed loan for some emergency patients without any particular results. Since 2002, the use of EMS fund also has shown a tendency to shift one side. By the results, it was 44.3% to support emergency medical centers, so called hospital EMS system and 28.4% to purchase ambulances and helicopters, and 1.6% to operate Central Medical Center, prehospital base in the EMS fund consumed in 2004. It was never supported for the environmental improvement and development of universities, colleges, and private EMS units having the primary responsibilities. The initial EMS fund using should be used for prehospital base, e.g., prehospital staffs, communications, and facilities and balanced development between public and private EMS units than any other fund using.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2002

This study was designed to develop e-Learning multimedia contents to provide the first aid rescuer with the basic resuscitation, members of the public, corporations and any other institutions who wish to learn this skills. It is carried out from October to December in 2001. This program was constructed on the basic of the network-instructional system Design model, this model has severalprogressive steps, which includes the planning, analysis of the contents, development of the contents, instructional design, development of web-based and multimedia, pilot test, implement, and evaluation. The URL of this site is http://www.cyber.hc.ac.kr named as the cyber education program for the basic resuscitatingskill. This contents consisted of 8 chapters providing as follows : Introduction, anatomy and physiology of heart-ling, Adult Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation, Adult Foregin-body Air-Obstruction, Child Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation, Child Foregin-body Air-Obstruction, Infant Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation, Infant Foregin-body Air-Obstruction. To make the learning more interesting, as much animation and videos were integrated. In conclusion, this e-Learning multimedia contents will be useful for student as well as members of the public. It significantly increases the chances of saving the life of person who has collapsed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2007

This study is a descriptive survey research to know the levels of job satisfaction and influential factors for emergency medical technicians(EMT). This study sampled Level 1 and Level 2 Rescue Members from fire stations and EMT from general hospitals in the Gwangju City and JeollaNamdo area. Interviews for the 75 participants of this convenience sample were conducted for a two month period from July to September 2006. Data was collected on interviewing questionnaires. When looking at the results above internal factions were most influential towards satisfaction and self-responsibility, fulfillment, displays of Aptitude were highest for satisfaction. However, organizational factors were the lowest. There is a need for reform in promotion term periods and policy as well as promotion opportunities. Influential factors for job satisfaction were Role Performance Ability, Intentions for Changing Jobs, and Job Selection Motivation. Therefore, the more insufficient your ability to perform your job the less satisfied you are with it and the more fear you feel from experiences on the job the less satisfied you are with your job. Henceforth, there is a need to reform the educational programs offered to EMT for job training emphasizing job performance ability and the ability to judge for oneself on emergency situations, and reform the promotional system. Finally, there is a need for psychological consultation to offer stability to those after treating an emergency situation and encouragement for personal religion.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2023

Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the occurrence and transfer status of emergency patients at Incheon International Airport in Korea. Methods: This study design included 810 patients for eight years, from July 1, 2014 to June 31, 2022. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS statistics version 25.0. Results: For the demographics, 531 (65.6%) were males, 151 (19.5%) were in the highest age group (in their 50s), and 289 (35.9%) were foreigners. The most common place of occurrence was in protected areas in the passenger terminal, with 341 (42.1%) of cases occurring here. The time of arrival at the site (z=-3.444, p=.001), stay duration at the site (z=-8.145, p=. 001), and transfer time (z=-3.623, p=.000) were all significantly longer. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider a rapid emergency transportation plan, such as developing a system that simplifies immigration procedures when emergency patients move from protected areas to general areas. Moreover, in order to quickly respond to foreign emergency patients, detailed characteristics will need to be identified. Lastly, considering the long transfer time, an instructing doctor should accompany an ambulance and actively perform advanced resuscitation.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.43-59
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess 119 emergency medical technicians' perception of child abuse, attitudes towards mandatory reporting, and perceptions of mandatory reporting system, and to promote early reporting. Methods: The questionnaire was filled out by one hundred ninety 119 EMTs with paramedic or nurse licenses. The questionnaire consisted of 53 items with responses based on a five-point scale. Data were collected from July 10 to July 31, 2018, and were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24.0 software. Results: The average score for 119 EMT's perception of child abuse was 3.76. The average score for positive attitude towards mandatory reporting was 3.63, and the average score for negative attitude towards mandatory reporting was 2.63. The average score for perceptions of the mandatory reporting system was 3.50. There was a significant positive correlation between perception of child abuse and positive attitude towards mandatory reporting (r=.244, p=.001), between perception of child abuse and perceptions of the mandatory reporting system (r=.209, p=.004), and between positive attitude towards mandatory reporting and perceptions of mandatory reporting system (r=.336, p=.000). Conclusion: Systemic educational programs for 119 EMTs on perception of child abuse and reporting are needed. It is very important to establish institutional strategies such as the use of checklist for suspicion of child abuse, procedural simplicity after reporting, and protection of reporter information.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.163-174
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• 2007

Purpose : This study analyzes prehospital care report of emergency service at prehospital stage, examines characteristics of activities of 119 paramedics and its users and aims to provide help for improving emergency system in future. Methods : Data collected were 119 prehospital care report and hospital records with 7,160 patients to emergency room by 119 ambulance from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 2006 and percentage and frequency of the data were obtained. Results : 1) Use of emergency room by 119 ambulance was increased in summer and autumn such as August(9.1%), September(11.2%) and October(13.5%) and it was more frequently used on Monday(17.3%), Saturday(17.2%) and Friday(16.1%) by telephone(98.6%). 2) Using emergency room was most in over sixties(51.8%), men(64.2%), community residents (78.3%), by report of family(50.3%) and at '09:01~12:00'(16.5%). 3) Symptoms of emergency room users included headache, chest pain, stomachache, lumbago and others as 40.6% and places where patients were found were at home(60.1%) due to chronic internal diseases at 49.2%. 4) Most of non-emergency patients(80.2%) arriving at hospital had normal pupil condition (88.4%) and clear consciousness(71.2%) and most of them left hospital after having first-aid treatment. 5) Physiological symptom tests evaluated by paramedics at prehospital stage included blood pressure(56.6%), pulse(22.9%), breathing(13.0%) and temperature(9.2%), and there was no SPo2 case. 6) Classification of severity by paramedics showed difference as emergency patients(18.0%) by paramedics and those(24.9%) by hospital. 7) First-aid treatments by paramedics at prehospital stage were promoting comfort(28.9%), hemostasis(7.7%), fixing cervical vertebrae(4.0%) and ensuring vein route(3.1%). 8) Selectors of medical agency were patients or guardians(86.2%) and emergency medical technicians(73.6%). Conclusion : To sum up the above research, it was found that percentage of using 119 ambulance by non-emergency patients was higher and paramedics performed basic first-aid treatment rather than professional first-aid treatment due to several conditions such as legal problems, range of allowance, etc. Therefore, it is considered that method to reduce frequency of ambulance by non-emergency patients and approaches to alleviate limitations of allowance of paramdeics to make them perform effective first-aid treatment at prehospital stage should be sought in the dimension of individual, organization and government.