• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 2005

In this paper I tried quantitative measures of the rent-seeking for budgetary allocations in Korean fisheries. There is a great deal of ignorance about the level of rent-seeking that takes place as a consequence of government expenditures and the potential for influencing their allocation, and so the attempt by Kats and Rosenberg(1989) to measure this in terms of the extent of annual changes in these allocations was a significant step forward. The opportunity to concentrate net public expenditure benefits within the fiscal function of the state gives rise to rent-seeking by special interest taxpayer-citizens through government budget allocations, special interest groups and coalitions of special interest groups. There are several important implications of budgetary rent-seeking. Budgetary rent-seeking is composed of 'income' and substitution effects, the budgetary 'income' effect is the general increase in government expenditures from one period to another. According to result of this analysis, average expenditures were 17.0% of total fisheries budget in 1966-2005. Therefore, distribution of fisheries budget should be converted by indirect support systems to reduce these rent-seeking behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.169-186
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• 1998

The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of wife's employment to the family expenditures. The data used in the study was 28,329 husband-wife families taken from 1994 Expenditure Survey of Urban Families. The results showed that total expenditure for employed-wife families was 1,171,651won, which is more than 1,078,788won for non-employed-wife families. After controlling other income(total family income minus wife's income), employed-wife families spent more than non-employ-wife famillies for all expenditure categories. Also, when family income and other characteristics to be constant, expenditures of employed-wife families were more on food way from home, domestic services, public transportation, personal care services, and fees, but less on food at home, utilities, health care, and communication, compared to those of non-employed-wife families. Families with high-income-employed wife spent more on clothing services, but less on education, than those with non-employed-wife families.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.93-105
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with health insurance expenditures of the employed in the US. The data were from the 1994 Consumer Expenditure Surrey and the sample selected was admits aged 18 to 64 who were either a single head of household or part of a married couple. Results of Tobit regression indicated that age, education, and occupation of household head, region of residence, number of earners, homeownership(as a proxy for wealth), total expenditure(as a proxy for income), health care expenditures(as a proxy for health status) are significantly related to out-of-pocket health insurance expenditures by the employed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of economic uncertainty on MNC investment in Malaysia from 2009 to 2019 by employing an ARDL method. The results revealed that Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) has a positive association with the capital expenditures of Nestle, British American Tobacco, and Public Bank in the long run. In a similar period, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is positively significant with the capital expenditures of British America Tobacco and Heineken. However, inflation is negatively related to the capital expenditures of British America Tobacco and Heineken. Additionally, the exchange rate has a significant and negative relationship with the capital expenditures of Nestle and Petronas, while the ECT value is negative and significant in the short run, hence confirming that co-integration exists. In view of this, it is imperative that the government plays a prerogative role to support MNC operations, as MNCs foster the developing countries' economic development through facilitating full employment. This study sets to enhance the personal knowledge of those with a strong interest in the Malaysian financial market. As long as MNCs believe that the Malaysian market has the potential to grow, they will continue to invest for the benefit of the country.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.87-103
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to provide basis data to understand the urban housewives' assets management behavior. The result can be summarized as follows: 1. The more urban housewives were educated, the more they were satisfied with methods of assets management. So it turned out that the educational improvement of husbands and wives brought forth the satisfaction of their lives. From this result, we can conclude that more improved education is essential to us. 2. Specifically, age is an important factor of the reasons of assets management. Among housewives below 40 years old. the preparation for purchasing durable goods and more leisure was the main reason for assets management. Among housewives from 40 to 50, the preparation for expenditures of education and marriage of their children was the main reason. Among housewives above 50, the preparation for their retirement was the main reason. As results, we can notice that they don't make a long-range plan positively but they usually prepare expenditures for their seasonable needs. So we have to emphasize on educating them to make a long-range plan.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.315-331
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine current situations about and factors related to expenditures of private education among pre-school children and to provide policy implications useful for future pre-school children education. The subjects of the study were parents of pre-school children under seven years of age, who lived in Seoul and Incheon area. The survey was conducted using parent questionnaire. The major findings of the study are: First, 86.8% of parents of pre-school children use private education and the average expenditure on it was 154, 446 won. Second, major factors determining their private education expenditure are educational level of parents, parents' job characteristics, household income, and region. Third, the most important reason for using private education among parents is to improve and excel in academic performance of their children. Forth, the higher the parents' expected returns from private education are, the higher the expenditure level of private education is. Fitth, the results of the logistic regressions showed that parents' attitudes toward private education was the most important factor in determining household economic burden associated with private education. The odds were 5 times greater for the parent group with strong desire for private education than for the parent group without it and 1.2 times greater for the parent group with high-expected returns from private education than the parent group without it. In conclusion, systematic, universal educational policies need to be developed to provide and support all the parents with pre-school children, given that their current economic burden is substantial. By providing such support, we can help parents focus on public education. This study examining current situations about and determining factors related to private education expenditures among pre-school children collected data limiting only Seoul and Inchoen area, therefore, future studies need to include data collected nationwide for generalizability of the findings. As well, development of more elaborated survey instruments and analytical methods would advance our understanding in the field.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2009

In this study, we conducted a survey on 12,000 parents of general high school students to analyze the users of EBS lectures the CSAT(College Scholastic Ability Test) and the reducing effect of private educational expenditures. Most of parents encouraged their children to study the EBS lectures, and actually the students listened to the EBS lectures. Also, there were a lot of suggestions which the EBS lectures helped to reduce private educational expenditures. 25% of whole respondent was reduced their private education expense, and 65% of them answered that educational opportunities were provided uniformly by the EBS lectures. Finally many of them opposed to the monetization of EBS lectures with internet.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.185-198
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to examine a causal relationship and interaction among payment of education expenses, economic growth, imports and exports. The results of 'the Granger causality test' suggest that payment of education expenses are affected by imports and exports; and the other factors are not related. In addition, payment of education expenses and the relationship among variables confirmed by IRF show that payment of education expenses has a minus(-) effect on exports at the beginning and then it turns into plus(+) as a certain time passes. On the other hand, it has a minus(-) effect on imports at the beginning, and this gradually changes to zero(0). Lastly, it turns out that it has a plus(+) effect on GDP. It is therefore estimated that the demand for high-quality manpower is expected to grow and new investments for education to rise with increases in imports and exports with initial acceleration. The findings show that government education investment in foreign languages and research manpower must take precedence in order to meet the demand for high-quality manpower.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between householder's education level and the education expenditure for children. The Family Income and Expenditure Survey data of the 2005 National Statistical Survey were used to examine the hypothesis. For data analysis, ANOVA and regression method were applied. The results are as follows: House-holds in Seoul spent 533,000 won for child education per month on the average, and 64% of the expenditure was for private education. Households whose householder's education level was high spent more expenditures on public and private education for children than the households whose householder's education level was low. When the household income level was controlled, householder's education level affected only private education expenditure.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.415-428
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• 1997

In the present study we examined clothing expenditure patterns and related variables in Korea. In addition we analyzed the differences of clothing expenditure patterns between overall overspenders and non-overspenders. We use the Family Income and Expenditure Study published by the National Statistical Office of Korea. Double logarithm functional forms were used to adjust the normality of sample distribution and multiple regression analyses and t-test were utilized as a statistical tools. The present study was divided into four folders. First the income elasticity of clothing expenditures was examined by different groups such as age job and education levels of households as percentage change of clothing expenditures to a percentage change of income. Second to analyze the effects of demogtraphic and socio-economic variables on clothing expenditure we utlized the standardized coefficients in the separate regression equation by demographic and socio-economic variables. Third using spending to income ratio we investigated the differnces of the clothing expenditure patterns between overall overspenders and non-overspenders. Fourth the effects of independent variables by ovespenders and non-overspenders werediscussed.