• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore socio-economic factors as determinants of food behavior and self-evaluation on meeting dietary guidelines. The data were derived from the KNHANES collected in 2007. A multidimensional framework of the determinants of food behavior was used, including age, gender, region, occupation, education, income and nutritional knowledge. The determinants of food behavior and self-evaluation were estimated by ordered logistic regression models. Food behavior was measured by dietary diversity scores including six food groups, which were cereals, vegetables, meats, fruits, milk, and oils. Self-evaluation on meeting dietary guidelines was based on responses from questionnaires for implementing Korean dietary guidelines. In general, the respondents who fulfilled all criteria were few. There were some differences between dietary diversity scores and self-evaluation on meeting dietary guidelines. Age, gender, and educational level showed effect on food behavior and self-evaluation. For dietary diversity scores, the individuals who were younger male, graduated from college were more likely to consume more various foods. The individuals who were older female, graduated from high school were more likely to meet dietary guidelines. Occupation was associated only with self-evaluation. Age and gender were associated with food behavior as well as self-evaluation. Income and marital status were associated only with dietary diversity scores. Reading food label and occupation were associated only with self-evaluation. The food behavior of married individuals was less in line with the dietary diversity scores than singles. In conclusion the differences between objective measure and subjective measure on individuals' diet showed more efforts like segmented nutritional education would be needed to increase the quality of dietary life.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.502-511
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to measure job satisfaction levels of dietitians engaged a in contract food service management company, and to examine the impacts of personal characteristics and organizational characteristics on the job satisfaction of dietitians. The questionnaires developed for this study were distributed to 230 dietitians of contract food service management companies in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas, and a total of 187 (81.3%) questionnaires were used for analysis. Statistical analyses were completed using SPSS (Win 11.5) for descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, t-test and ANOVA. The average job satisfaction score of the dietitians was 2.83, which is lower than "not satisfied" and "not dissatisfied" (3), "Marital status" (p < 0.001), "payroll per year" (p < 0.001), "age" (p < 0.05) and "work experience as a dietitians" (p < 0.05) had significant effects on job satisfaction of work and environmental factors. "Operating group" (p < 0.05), "type of menu" and "type of service" also affected the job satisfaction. Overall, it is important that managers of contract food service management companies establish specified human resource management strategies with understandings of the characteristics of their dietitians and companies to enhance the job satisfaction of dietitians, and to achieve their managerial goals.

• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2008

The species composition and variation of benthic marine algae at Daejin and Jukbyeon on the mid-east coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from August 2006 to April 2007. As a result, the total of 85 species, including 8 chlorophytes, 26 phaeophytes, 50 rhodophytes and 1 sea grass were identified. 52 species were found at Daejin and 74 species at Jukbyeon. Dominant species in importance value were Corallina pilulifera, Chondrus ocellatus, melobesioidean algae, Sargassum horneri, Sargassum yezoense and Phyllospadix japonica at Daejin, and Corallina pilulifera, melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica, Acrosorium polyneurum, Sargassum siliquastrum and Hizikia fusiformis at Jukbyeon, respectively. The vertical distribution of algae were characterized by Corallina pilulifera, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp. (S. siliquastrum, S. yezoense) and Symphyocladia latiuscula at intertidal zone, Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. serratifolium, S. yezoense), melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica and Corallina pilulifera at 1 m depth, melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica and Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. yezoense) at 5 m depth and melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica and Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. micracanthum, S. yezoense) at 10 m depth.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2009

Culture-independent 16S rDNA-DGGE profiling and phylogenetic analysis were used to examine the predominant bacterial communities associated with the two sponges, Dictyonella sp. and Spirastrella abata from Jeju island. The culture-independent approach involved extraction of total bacterial DNA, PCR amplification of the 16S ribosomal DNA using primer pair 341f-GC and 518r, and separation of the amplicons on a denaturing gradient gel. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis banding patterns indicated 8 and 7 bands from the two sponge species, Dictyonella sp. and Spirastrella abata, respectively. There were not common major bands in two different sponges. Comparative sequence analysis of variable DGGE bands revealed from 93% to 98% similarity to the known published sequences. The dominant bacterial group of Dictyonella sp. belonged to uncultured Gammaproteobacteria, while, that of Spirastrella abata belonged to uncultured Alphaproeobacteria and Firmicutes. DGGE analysis indicated predominant communities of the sponge-associated bacteria differ in the two sponges from the same geographical location. This result revealed that bacterial community profiles of the sponges were host species-specific.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.75-87
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the effect of children's dietary quality, dietary habits, food behavior and health-related lifestyles according to the mother's lifestyles of health and sustainability (LOHAS). The subjects were 580 children. Mother's LOHAS attitude index was 66.85 points and 100 points was a perfect score. The mother's high LOHAS attitude items that children perceived were "My mother often communicates with the family"(3.99 points) and "My mother thinks that the family's health is more important than her health"(3.93 points). In contrast, the LOHAS attitude items for "My mother does community service activity on weekends"(2.78 points), and "My mother participates in environmental protection service activity for the local community"(2.78 points) were very low. The high LOHAS behavior index of mothers was "resource saving", whereas "social welfare" scored low. When self-perceived health status and monthly income of children was high, the mother's LOHAS score was high. The LOHAS attitude index of mothers had a meaningful impact on the children's dietary quality, dietary habits, food behavior and health-related lifestyles. The most frequent food behavior variables were "high skipping rate", "frequency of snacks is 2~4 times per week", "speed of eating is rapid", and 'meals' amount is sufficient. The highest daily life habits item was "I try to maintain a pleasant and enjoyable life style"(3.42 points). The highest nutrient intake attitude score was "I tend to eat rice everyday."(3.41 points). They were highly recognized with "moderate physical activity", "high exercise preference", "positive posture exercise", "exercise <2 days per week", and "over 30 minutes exercise time per day" for the exercise performance status items. It was verified that the higher mother's LOHAS lifestyle score is, the higher children's food behavior, daily life habits, nutrient intake, exercise performance state score are.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2011

Objective: The study analyzed degrees of participation in physical activities, demographic and sociological characteristics of middle and high school students, and the relations to mental health related factors, based on "Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey." Therefore, the study can be used as preliminary data for establishing mental health promotion plans for youth and setting contents and directions of health education. Methods: The study analyzed the data, collecting from 75,066 middle and high school students, regarding their demographic and sociological characteristics, mental health, and relations to physical activities by using SPSS Win 15.0. Results: 19.1% of the students answered they had seriously contemplated suicide during the past 12 months, and 43.2% said they are usually under enormous pressure. 55.3% answered that academic achievements and the pressure from future paths are major factors of their stress. The students showed noteworthy differences in whether they think about suicide depending on whether the students live with their father or mother. The study found that the students whose parents' levels of education are low, or their academic records are low, or economic conditions are poor are more likely to think about suicide. The students tend to think more about killing themselves if they spend more time sitting to study than being engaged in physical activities, or spend little time walking. And they are more likely to think about committing suicide if they spend little time exercising, or are not engaged in physical activities on the playground or a gym in PE classes.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the extent of the health behaviors of juveniles with experience in drug and the extent of their oral health behaviors. Then the impact of such factors on the oral health was analyzed. Methods: The analysis in this study used the raw data from 'The Fifth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey' after getting approval for use from the Center for Disease Control. The research subjects of this study were juveniles with experience in drug. Analysis was done by using 8 socio-demographic variables, 6 health behaviors related variables, 4 oral-health behaviors related variables and 1 oral health related variable. All survey data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 17.0 program. as frequency analysis and logistic regression. Results: The factors that give impact on the oral health of juveniles with drug experience were found as: gender, academic year, study grade, school type, school class, city scale, economic status, residential type, experience in alcohol, experience in smoking, obesity, frequency of medium-level physical exercise, eating breakfast frequency, hours of sleeping, number of tooth-brushing in one day, brushing teeth after lunch frequency, experience in dental treatment and experience in oral health training. Conclusions: In order to improve the oral health of juveniles with drug experience, health behaviors such as stop-smoking, stop-drinking and regular physical exercise are recommended. In addition, they should stop using drugs that threats their oral health. The development of nursing intervention to maintain the continuous enhancement of their oral health is also required.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.154-164
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to assign reasonability to importance of weight selection issue in key performance indicator for performance evaluation of Centers for Child-care Foodservice Management (CCFSM) developed by using Balanced Scorecard (BSC), to draw key performance indicator (KPI) by perspective and to analyze differences in recognition on importance. From September 25 to October 9, 2012, we conducted a questionnaire-based study via e-mail, targeting chiefs and team leaders of nationwide 21 CCFSMs (43 persons), officials of local governments where CCFSM was established (21 persons), officials of Korea Food and Drug Administration (2 persons) and foodservice management experts (27 persons) in order to estimate the relative importance on 4 perspectives and 14 KPIs and analyzed its results by using 61 collected data. The results showed that relative importance of perspectives was estimated in order of importance as follows: business performance (0.3519), customer (0.3393), resource (0.1557), learning and growth (0.1531). Relative importance of KPIs was in order of importance as follows: Evaluation of sanitary management level in child-care foodservice facilities (0.1327), Level of customer recognition and behavior improvement (0.1153), performances of round visiting inspection on foodservice, sanitary, safety management, and foodservice consulting (0.0913). Our results showed that the recognition differences exist on the relative importance of perspectives and KPIs between officials of CCFSM, KFDA, local government and foodservice management experts. These observations will form the basis for developing evaluation systems, and it is considered that performance indicators developed on this basis will suggest direction of operation which CCFSM will have to perform.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the salinity of representative Korean foods high in sodium to generate data for use as a fundamental resource for setting salinity standards in foods. Methods: A total of 480 foods from 16 representative Korean foods high in sodium were collected from 10 households, 10 industry foodservice establishments, and 10 Korean restaurants in four regions (Capital area, Chungcheong Province, Gyeongsang Province, and Jeolla Province) and analyzed for salinity. Results: Among the foods, stir-fried anchovies (4.07~4.45%) showed the highest salinity, followed by pickled onion (1.86~2.62%), cabbage kimchi (1.83~2.2%), braised burdock and lotus root (1.79~2.17%), and sliced radish kimchi (1.78~1.89%) (p<0.001). The salinity of kimchi from home meals (2.2%) was significantly higher than that of foodservice (1.83%) and restaurant (1.93%) kimchi (p<0.05). Salinity in each group of food was highest in kimchi (1.83~2.04%), followed by braised dishes (1.54~1.78%), steamed dishes (1.0~1.22%), stir-fried dishes (1.02~1.18%), and soup or stew (0.74~1.02%) (p<0.001). The salinity of soup and stew from restaurants (1.02%) was significantly higher than that of home meal (0.84%) and foodservice (0.74%) soup and stew. Conclusions: Determination of the salinity of representative Korean foods known to be high in sodium by eating place is expected to be useful to establishing guidelines for reduction of salinity.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.40-58
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• 2000

Nurses are medical personnel, who play a key role in supporting patient care, so it is important to supply them adequately in balance with ever increasing medical demand. But there appears severe shortage of nurses in some hospitals because of their uneven distribution, especially in small sized-hospitals and rural-hospitals. As nationwide distorted distribution of nurses in Korea is just like what monopsony model(a kind of market structure model) tells us, it is attempted to explain this situation of nurse labor market in Korea on the basis of monopsony model and presented in this paper. Specifically, determinants of nurse wage and the level of their relative employment were examined, and monopsony impact on their wage and the level of relative employment controlling those determinants were studied. Major results of this study arc as follows. The most important determinant of nurse wage level in this study was the wage level of a local community where each hospital located Hospital owner's characteristics an educational function of each hospital were also important factors. With these factor controlled, it was found that monopsony power of each hospital was negativel associated with nurse wage level as expected. 1% increase in monopsony power of hospital(measured by Herfindah-Hirschman Index) reduced nurse wage by $5,674{\sim}19,19$ won(in Korean currency). With regard to the level of relative employment, the most important determinant wa the capacity for supplying nurses of the local community. Again, hospital owner characteristics and educational function of each hospital were also important. With these factors controlled, it was found that monopsony power of each hospital was negative associated with the number of nurses per bed, as expected. 1% increase in monopsony power of each hospital(again measured by Herfindah-Hirschman Index) reduced the number of nurses per 100 bed as much as $0.46{\sim}0.67$. In conclusion. structural factors of nurse labor market influence the instability of nurse labor supply in Korea. Further consideration for these market structural characteristics needed for policy making related to nurse resource allocation.