• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2002

A number of techniques may be employed to reduce the discomfort of syringe or needle for dental care. The use of topical anesthesia is one such method. Topical anesthetics are applied to alleviate pain during many clinical procedures, such as injection of local infiltration anesthetics, primary tooth extraction, X-ray taking of sensitive patients, reducing gag reflex prior to impression taking. In children, placement of a rubber dam clamp, however, may cause significant discomfort for purpose of pit and fissure sealant and preventive resin restoration(PRR). A topical anesthetic would be beneficial to aid in rubber dam placement for this purpose. It has been suggested that all intra-oral topical anesthetics are equally effective on reflected mucosa, however EMLA(an acronym for eutectic mixture of local anesthetics), which was developed in the 1980s and produces surface anesthesia of skin, has been shown to be more effective than conventional topical anesthetics when used on attached gingivae. This report is topical anesthesized 4 case by EMLA cream, who showed better effect in reducing the pain of infiltration anesthesia, extraction of deciduous teeth, rubber dam clamp placement and reducing the pain of preformed crown adaptation.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.566-571
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• 2012

Marginal and internal fit are very important factor for the clinical long-term success of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). A variety of methods have been applied to the measuring marginal and internal fit of FDPs. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal and internal fit of 2 different measuring methods silicone replica technique [SRT] and die cutting technique (DCT). SRT, the space between die and FDPs were filled with light-body silicone, then stabilized by medium-body silicone. DCT, the FDPs were cemented on definitive dies and embedded into epoxy. The silicone replicas and epoxies were sectioned mesio-distal and measured 4 locations (margin, rounded chamfer, axial, occlusal) and using a digital microscope at a magnification $\times$160. For the SRT the mean${\pm}$SDs fit (${\mu}m$) recorded were: margin $88.7{\pm}22.2$, rounded chamfer $90.6{\pm}25.0$, axial wall $61.5{\pm}21.8$, occlusal $134.9{\pm}30.8$. For the DCT the mean${\pm}$SDs fit (${\mu}m$) recorded were: margin $85.3{\pm}18.0$, rounded chamfer $85.4{\pm}24.7$, axial wall $62.0{\pm}21.3$, occlusal $131.7{\pm}30.5$. The mean${\pm}$SDs size (${\mu}m$) of SRT margin was $88.7{\pm}22.2$ and of DCT margin was $85.3{\pm}18.0$. There were no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of the four parts between SRT and DCT. It is considered an appropriate case to use SRT at fit of FDPs.

• Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

Purpose: Intense multidisciplinary team effort is required for the intestinal rehabilitation of patients afflicted with the short bowel syndrome (SBS). These include enteral and parenteral nutrition (PN) support, monitoring of complications related to treatment, and considering further medical or surgical options for intestinal adaptation. Methods: In the Intestinal Rehabilitation Team (IRT) at the Samsung Medical Center, we have experienced 20 cases of adult SBS requiring multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation. This study is a retrospective review of the collected medical records. Results: Of the 20 subjects treated, 12 patients were male and 8 patients were female. At the time of referral to the IRT, the mean age was 51.5 years, and the mean body weight was 50.1 kg, which was 90% of the usual body weight. The diseases or operative managements preceding massive bowel resection were malignancy in 11 cases, cardiac surgery in 2 cases, trauma in 2 cases and one case, each of tuberculosis, corrosive esophagitis, atrial fibrillation, simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation, and perforated appendicitis. Of these, there were 14 survivals and 6 mortalities. The fatalities were attributed to progression of disease, intestinal failure-associated liver disease, and sepsis (unrelated to intestinal failure) (2 cases each). Among the 14 surviving patients, 8 patients have been weaned off PN, whereas 6 are still dependent on PN (mean PN dependence 36%). Conclusion: This paper reports the results of multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation of adult short bowel patients treated at the Samsung Medical Center. Further studies are required to improve survival and enteral tolerance of these patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.263-275
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• 2022

The loss of posterior occlusal support leads to further complications such as collapsed occlusal plane and reduced vertical dimension, and it may cause problems such as facial appearance change, reduced chewing efficiency, and temporomandibular joint disorders. In such case, it is necessary to re-establish occlusal plane and vertical dimension properly through accurate diagnosis and predictable treatment plan. This case report presents a 71-year-old female, whose occlusal plane was collapsed and posterior restorative space was insufficient. To perform a patient-friendly full mouth rehabilitation, proper vertical dimension and occlusal plane were decided by evaluation of interocclusal space at her physiologic mandibular rest position, swallowing, pronunciation, facial appearance, and the average length of anterior teeth. And then, the fixed provisional restorations were fabricated with the new occlusal position, and evaluated for 5 months with checking adaptation of masticatory muscles and any kind of clinical symptoms occurs or not. After confirmation of functional stability and esthetic satisfaction with the newly established occlusion, final definitive restorations were fabricated and inserted in the mouth. Through the above process, the treatment result was functionally and aesthetically satisfactory.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 2022

Objectives : Single oral dose toxicity test of Lythri Herba water extracts (LHWE) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat was performed to determine approximate lethal dose (ALD) of LHWE. Methods : This test was progressed according to OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals : acute oral toxicity. After adaptation of 7 days, SD rats were divided into 2 groups : vehicle control and 5000 mg/kg LHWE-treated group. Each group consisted of 5 female rats and 5 male rats. Vehicle or 5000 mg/kg LHWE was orally administrated once a day. Survival rates, general toxicity, and changes of body weight were investigated for 14 days after administration. On the last day of examination, the weight of all animals was measured and an autopsy was performed. All internal organ abnormalities were checked macroscopically and their findings were recorded. Results : In both groups, dead animals were not observed. During 14 days of administration, abnormal clinical signs were not detected. There was also no significant difference in weight gains between each group. Autopsy analysis showed that one case of the LHWE-treated female group had retention of clear fluid in the uterus; however, it was not considered to be affected by LHWE administration. Moreover, abnormal findings were not discovered in the control male group and the LHWE-treated male group. Conclusions : These results suggest that the ALD of LHWE exceed 5000 mg/kg and single oral administration of LHWE below 5000 mg/kg is nontoxic.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2023

Pathological wear across the entire dentition causes problems such as collapsed occlusal plane, reduced vertical dimension, anterior premature contact, inadequate anterior guidance, and tooth migration, thereby induce symptoms such as temporomandibular joint disorder, reduced masticatory efficiency, and tooth hypersensitivity. For the treatment of patients with excessive wear, evaluation of vertical dimension should be preceded along with analysis of the cause. The patient in this case was a 45-year-old female with a history of orthognathic surgery. Through clinical examination, radiographic examination, and model analysis, overall tooth wear, interdental spacing in the anterior maxillary region, retruded condylar position, and insufficient interocclusal space for prosthetic restoration were confirmed. Full mouth rehabilitation with increased vertical dimension was planned, the patient's adaptation to the new vertical dimension was evaluated with a removable occlusal splint and temporary prosthesis, and cross-mounting was performed based on the temporary restoration to fabricate the definitive zirconia prosthesis, maintaining the adjusted vertical dimension. It showed satisfactory functional and esthetic results through stable restoration of the occlusal relationship.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.825-833
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• 2017

Purpose .This study aims to assess the influence factors on the level of satisfaction with hospital training and to provide basic data for more efficient hospital practice of students' public health administration . Methods . We have conducted a survey on students satisfaction with their hands on practice against 200 students in Busan, Kyeongnam and Kyungbook area, who have completed their practice in public health administration. We have identified the general characteristics of the target respondents, the current training status of the department for the hospital practice and training venue; also analyzed the characteristics composed of the apprentice student's attitude before the practice, satisfaction with the department training program and hospital for practice, as well as their practice at hospital. The general characteristics of the target respondents and clinic practice status at the hospital were measured in percentage and frequency analysis; the average and standard deviations of hospital size were also measured; and the correlations between satisfaction with the department, attitude towards the practice and satisfaction with the hospital were analyzed. Results . Most public health administration students experienced their practice at the hospital after the first semester on the $2^{nd}$year and they have received the foundation training for the practice. The survey allowed multiple responses and the results are as follows: medical terminology 49.5%, medical coordinator 36.7%, Hospital administration 26.5%, Health insurance 17.3%, and medical recording and practice 13.8% respectively. In terms of each individual student's attitude towards the practice at the hospital, the respondents answered as follows: I have completed the obligatory subjects for the practice before the practice 89.5%; I have been fully informed on the hospital for my practice. 74.5%; I responsibly practiced and worked with professionalism and sense of belonging to the hospital as a member of staff 90%; I have actively learned and adopted 95%; My knowledge and skills from the practice was relevant to the theory and practice from my course 83.5%. The findings of satisfaction by size of hospital were in order of a small clinic($3.24{\pm}0.63$), medium sized clinic($3.27{\pm}0.65$), hospital ($3.20{\pm}0.61$), and large sized comprehensive hospital ($2.93{\pm}0.74$). Consequently the satisfaction rate shows no significant difference by size of hospital. In relations between practice attitude and satisfaction with subject, the matter of acquiring information and fully understanding of the hospital for practice before practice(p=0.04), the matter of a sense of belonging and responsibility at hospital during practice(p=0.33). the matter of active adaptation attitude during practice (p=0.42), and the matter of correlations with school curriculum during practice(p=0.00) showed significant results. In relations between practice attitude and satisfaction with the hospital for practice, the matter of acquiring information and fully understanding of the hospital for practice before practice(p=0.01), the matter of a sense of belonging and responsibility at hospital during practice(p=0.04), and the matter of correlations with school curriculum during practice(p=0.00) showed significant results. Conclusion . The most essential subject for the practice in public health administration is medical terminology and there is no significance in satisfaction with the practice by size of hospital. Students were content with the hospital where they can experience as much as possible. Students content with their major show positive attitude towards the practice and so do those content with the hospital. Those with the positive attitude towards the practice show the high correlation of satisfaction with both the major and hospital. As a result, the satisfaction with the major is the significant attribute to the practice in the hospital.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.166-179
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• 1999

Apical sealing is essential for the success of surgical endodontic treatment. Root-end cavity is apt to be contaminated with moisture or blood, and is not always easy to be dried completely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of dry methods of retrocavity on the apical seal in endodontic surgery. Apical seal was investigated through the evaluation of apical leakage and adaptation of filling material over the cavity wall. To investigate the influence of various dry methods on the apical leakage, 125 palatal roots of extracted human maxillary molar teeth were used. The clinical crown of each tooth was removed at 10 mm from the root apex using a slow-speed diamond saw and water spray. Root canals of the all the specimens were prepared with step-back technique and filled with gutta-percha by lateral condensation method. After removing of the coronal 2 mm of filling material, the access cavities were closed with Cavit$^{(R)}$. Two coats of nail polish were applied to the external surface of each root. Apical three millimeters of each root was resected perpendicular to the long axis of the root with a diamond saw. Class I retrograde cavities were prepared with ultrasonic instruments. Retrocavities were washed with physiologic saline solution and dried with various methods or contaminated with human blood. Retrocavities were filled either with IRM, Super EBA or composite resin. All the specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 7 days in an incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. The teeth were dissolved in 14 ml of 35% nitric acid solution and the dye present within the root canal system was returned to solution. The leakage of dye was quantitatively measured via spectrophotometric method. The obtained data were analysed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. To evaluate the influence of various dry methods on the adaptation of filling material over the cavity wall, 12 palatal roots of extracted human maxillary molar teeth were used. After all the roots were prepared and filled, and retrograde cavities were made and filled as above, roots were sectioned longitudinally. Filling-dentin interface of cut surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Cavities dried with paper point or compressed air showed less leakage than those dried with cotton pellet in Super EBA filled cavity (p<0.05). However, there was no difference between paper point- and compressed air-dried cavities. 2. When cavities were dried with compressed air, dentin-bonded composite resin-filled cavities showed less apical leakage than IRM- or Super EBA-filled ones (p<0.05). 3. Regardless of the filling material, cavities contaminated with human blood showed significantly more apical leakage than those dried with compressed air after saline irrigation (p<0.05). 4. Outer half of the cavity showed larger dentin-filling interface gap than inner half did when cavities were filled with IRM or Super EBA. 5. In all the filling material groups, cavities contaminated with blood or dried with cotton pellets only showed larger defects at the base of the cavity than ones dried with paper points or compressed air.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.409-419
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• 2008

Statement of problem: At all times people have tried to fabricate tooth restorations using tooth colored materials. Recently, demands for esthetics, even in restorations requiring strength, has brought a revolution to dentistry and increased use of zirconia. The basic color of zirconia is white to ivory. The color can be partially adapted by veneering it with ceramic materials. However, it would be better if the substructure could already be adapted to the basic color shade of neighboring teeth. By adaptation to the basic shade, it can help to reduce the necessary layer thickness of the veneer ceramic to achieve the desired color. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to spectrophotometrically evaluate the influence of shading of zirconia core on the final shade of all-ceramic restorations using the CIE $L^{*}a^{*}b^{*}$ system. Material and methods: Core specimens (n = 20 per group) of Lava Frame Zirconia, KaVo Everest Zirconia, Digident CAD/CAM Zirconia were fabricated at 20 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness. Halves of each groups were shaded in A3 color. These core specimens were veneered with A3 porcelain of the recommended manufacturer at thickness of 0.5 mm. CIE $L^{*}a^{*}b^{*}$ coordinates were recorded for each specimen with a spectrophotometer (Model CM-2600d, Minolta, Japan) at 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm in thickness. Color differences were calculated using the equation ${\Delta}E^{*}=[({\Delta}L^{*})2+({\Delta}a^{*})2+({\Delta}b^{*})2]1/2$. Results: 1. In the case where porcelain layer has a thickness of 0.5 mm, Lava Frame Zirconia and KaVo Everest group did not show clinically perceived color difference, however Digident CAD/CAM Zirconia group showed clinically perceived color difference according to shade allowed on core. 2. When the thickness of porcelain layer decreased from 0.5 mm to 0.4 mm, Lava Frame Zirconia and KaVo Everest group did not show clinically perceived color difference, on the other hand Digident CAD/CAM Zirconia group showed clinically perceived color difference according to shade allowed on core. 3. When the thickness of porcelain layer decreased from 0.5 mm to 0.3 mm, clinically perceived color differences were observed from all three groups. Conclusions: Ziroconia system, which is possible to allow shade on core, are thought to be much more favorable to reproduce natural shade compared to systems that is impossible to give shade. Therefore, clinicians ought to choose adequate system for certain clinical situation by considering above specific character.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

Nowadays, CAD/CAM is broadly used in dentistry for inlays, crowns, implant abutments and its spectrum is expanding to complete dentures. Utilizing CAD/CAM to fabricate complete dentures is expected to decrease chair time and the number of visits, thus decreasing total fabrication time, expenses and errors caused during fabrication processes. One of the systems using CAD/CAM, DENTCA$^{TM}$ CAD/CAM denture (DENTCA Inc. Los Angeles, USA) scans edentulous impressions, designs dentures digitally, fabricates try-in dentures by 3D printing and converts them into final dentures. Patients can wear final dentures after only 2 - 3 visits with satisfying adaptation. This case report introduces a 71-year-old male patient who visited to consult remaking of existing old dentures. Residual teeth with bad prognosis and root remnants were extracted and the patient used reformed existing mandibular denture for 2 months. And then DENTCA system started. One-step border molding was done using conventional tray of adequate size provided by DENTCA system and wash impression was taken. Gothic arch tracing was completed based on the vertical dimension of existing dentures. Both maxillary and mandibular trays were placed to the resultant centric relation and bite registration was taken. Then DENTCA scanned the bite registration, arranged the teeth, completed the festooning and fabricated the try-in dentures by 3D printing. The try-in dentures were positioned, occlusal plane and occlusal relations were evaluated. The try-in dentures were converted to final dentures. To create bilateral balanced occlusion, occlusal adjustment was done after clinical remounting using facebow transfer. The result was satisfactory and it was confirmed by patient and operator.