• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7789-7794
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a community-based health education and communication programme on reducing liver fluke infections caused by the consumption of uncooked fish among people in a high-risk area of Thailand. Materials and Methods: The study was quasi-experimental in nature, with three-stages. Stage 1 involved a situational and capacity analysis of designated communities in Khon Kaen province. This was followed by the development of a model for community-based health education and communication to prevent liver fluke infections among high-risk people, and, lastly, implementation and evaluation of the model were performed. Data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In total, 390 people were surveyed, and quasi-experimental and comparison groups, each with 90 people, were assessed between May 2011 and April 2012. Analysis was using statistical OR, 95 % CI, the Willcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test, the chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The findings showed that most respondents had a high level of knowledge and understanding of liver fluke disease (89.5%, 95% CI:86.0-92.4), and positive attitudes toward the prevention of the disease (94.4%, 95% CI:91.6-96.4). However, with regard to changes in consumption of uncooked fish, most respondents were still in the pre-contemplation phase (55.1%, 95% CI:50.0-60.1), followed by the contemplation phase, 22.6%. Furthermore, four factors were found to be associated with the consumption of uncooked fish - the consumption of alcohol (OR 4.16, 95% CI:1.79-9.65), gender (OR 3.17, 95% CI:1.53-6.54), smoking (OR 3.03, 95% CI:1.31-7.05), and age 40 years and above (OR 2.68, 95% CI:1.02-7.05). After nine months of the health education and communication programme using local media based on local wisdom, culture and persons, the results showed that, compared to the control group, members of the experimental group had a higher level of knowledge, a better attitude and lower levels of ill-advised consumption behaviour. Also, it was found that consumption of uncooked fish, by an assessment of the level of stage of change, was reduced. (p-value 0.002). Conclusions: The health education and communication programme developed as part of the study was effective in changing the consumption of uncooked fish. Therefore, this approach should be promoted in other high-risk areas in Thailand in the future.

• 한국인구학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.115-141
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 미국 인구의 고령화 과정에서 장기적인 조기퇴직의 경향과 1985년 이후 일어난 그것의 역전현상에 주목하면서, 그것에 기여하는 사회경제적 여건과 사회정책 프로그램의 변화를 검토하는 것이다. 미국인의 조기퇴직, 곧 퇴직연령 하락의 주원인은 장기적인 부(富)의 증대이며, 이것은 고령 노동자들이 소득창출을 위한 유급노동시장 참여를 하지 않고서도 높은 수준의 생활을 가능하도록 하였다. 사회보장 퇴직연금과 기업 연금제도의 확대 성장은 강제퇴직제도의 도입과 아울러 1980년대 중반까지 조직퇴직의 증가추이에 공헌하였다. 본 연구는 최근의 조기퇴직 역전현상을 지속시킬 수 있는 유인책으로서 고령자 사회정책 프로그램 등에 주목한다. 물론, 여기서 과연 조기퇴직의 역전을 가져오는 사회정책이 필요한가에 대한 질문이다. 환언하면, 노동생산성의 증대나 은퇴전의 근면성(勤勉性)의 향상은 미국인들이 평균수명의 신장으로 퇴직, 곧 "제3의 인생" 이 길어진다고 하더라도 보다 높은 사회생활을 유지하는데 아무런 어려움이 없을 것임을 의미한다. 대부분의 미국인은 현행 각종 사회정책 프로그램이 현역 노동자들에게 상당한 부담을 가져다주더라도 조기퇴직을 허용하는 각종 사회정책 프로그램이 유지되기를 원하고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 볼 때, 미국의 고령자 사회정책은 조기퇴직의 역전을 지속하려는 정책을 계속하기보다는 현역 노동자의 근면성 향상이나 노동생산성의 향상에 초점을 맞추는 프로그램의 개발에도 관심을 집중할 필요가 있을 것이다.요가 있을 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the current state of distribution terminology usage by retailers and consumers nationwide, and to suggest a practical improvement plan for its standardization. The Korean distribution industry is closely related to consumers' daily lives. However, in reality, there exists a gap among producers, distributors, and consumers in terms of the definition, understanding, and perception of the terminology. Therefore, standardizing this terminology is essential for more smooth communication. This paper suggests the necessity of committing overall research and survey activities to the actual conditions of using Korean distribution terminology by organizations and their respective management situations, and further, the necessity of probing the problem and its measures in line with the objective and mission of the "Fundamental Law of the Korean Language." Research design, data, and methodology - This study's scope is limited to wholesale and retail including some information systems. First, the study covers most written material including lexicons and glossary of distribution terminology, university textbooks and teaching material for national certificate of qualification, and related laws and ordinances. Second, the survey covers retailers' management situations by store format. The retailers used as the sample for the survey include department stores, discount stores, SSM, and convenience stores. Altogether, 20 specialists were interviewed in their respective sectors or retail formats. Finally, the project team surveyed a sample of 1,300 consumers nationwide on 50 distribution terms mainly used by consumers, including those about awareness, understanding, usage, and attitude. Results - In total, 1,249 terms are drawn through literature research including distribution terminology used in the related literature, glossary and lexicons, distribution terminology in textbooks, and legal terminology. A classified table comprises four large categories including general distribution, distribution marketing, distribution information, and merchandise. The results of the three-step research including literature survey, field survey of retailers, and consumer survey were advised to be screened by academia (retail associations, faculty etc.), retailers (major retail management by store format), retail specialists and consultants, consumers, and Korean linguists. In total, 1,300 questionnaires for 50 terms of the distribution terminology closely associated with consumers were distributed to subjects nationwide. Conclusions - The desired and expected results from this study are summarized from three perspectives as follows: First, from retailers' perspective, a new concept, or coinage of new terms of the distribution industry stems from advanced countries such as America and Europe. However, the original meaning and definition are diluted and distorted with changes in the language users' situations and context. This study provides basic guidelines for standardization of distribution terms used among various retail formats in most daily life situations that consumers encounter. Second, from the nation's perspective, this study suggests optimal choices of distribution terminology in the context of laws and ordinances regarding concerned Ministries. Last, from the consumers' perspective, this paper enables consumers to understand and use distribution terms properly in their daily life.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.123-140
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 7개 대형유통업체 신선식품(농산, 수산, 축산, 가공식품) 구매담당자(Merchandiser, MD)를 대상으로 구매 행태를 분석하였다. 특히 대형유통업체의 산지 공급업체와의 거래 특성과 산지 직구입 특성을 중점적으로 분석하였다. 대형유통업체 구매담당자 설문조사 결과, 산지 공급업체 선정시 안정적인 물량 공급, 품질관리, 적극적인 경영마인드, 저렴한 가격, 차별화 상품 제안 순으로 중요하게 보았다. 산지 직구입과 관련하여 직구입 거래대상에 대한 선호도가 기존의 주요 거래대상인 벤더업체와 도매시장보다 높았고, 직구입 거래대상 중에는 영농조합 법인(농업번인 포함)을 가장 선호하고, 그 다음이 농협중앙회, 단위농협순이다. 공급 업체와의 거래에서 대형유통업체 구매담당자는 2년 이상 장기간 거래를 선호하고, 계약가격 결정시에는 시장시세(50.9%), 생산원가(31.2%) 및 동업계 판매가(18.0%)를 활용하였다. 산지 유통조직이 소비지 유통환경의 변화에 적극적으로 대응하기 위해서는 농산물 생산의 조직화, 규모화 및 유통 채널의 전문화 전략이 필요하다. 공급 시스템의 지속성과 안정성이 요구되어 생산조직 간 연계를 통한 연중 공급 가능한 대응 체계 구축 역시 중요하다. 또한 시장 교섭력 강화를 위한 노력으로 소비지 다양한 시장 정보 수집도 놓치지 말아야 할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.799-812
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• 2000

This study adopts the phenomenological approach in order to explore the experience of urinary felt by the small island women and to find the meaning and structure of their experience, for the further understanding of them. This study succeeded in detecting five topics and three basic structure from eight participants, and followings are the comprehensive statement of them. The five topics include neglect of care after childbirth, unavoidable life in the tidal flat, shame which cannot be expressed even to their husbands, endless anxiety toward the expected future, and sad(dilemmatic) lived experience. The basic structure is that small island women who have urinary incontinence are apt to regard their disease as a natural destiny of women who fail to get adequate care after childbirth, and something to be endured to live in the seashore. They think of urinary incontinence as something so shameful that they cannot reveal it even to their husband and family. They believe that it even changes their personality since they must always stay alert in order to cope with the situation; for example, when it takes place unexpectedly, like too often to go to toilet, to change the underwears, to wake up in the middle of the night to go to toilet, to try not to laugh loudly, or to have showers. In addition, they accept it as a natural process of aging and incurable disease, and they consider themselves already ruined on the way of becoming uglier. They show dilemmatic abandonment: give it up unwillingly but at the same time think it is natural for others too. The unique experience of small island women with urinary incontinence implied in those statement are inseparable with the specific conditions for survival in the island. Unlike other diseases, it is considered the result of traditionally poor care after childbirth. However this misunderstanding that it is a natural phenomena for all the women who experience childbirth and aging and thereby incurable leads to an undesirable attitude toward urinary incontinence. According to the analysis, environmental conditions specific for small islands make the women there have distinct and unique experience concerned with urinary incontinence. Consequently, the future nursing plan for urinary incontinence in the small island area must be made and enforced with the consideration of these specific phenomenological meanings. Modern Korean nursing has basically been centered to hospital or urban areas. Besides, nursing intervention has long depended upon the research of western countries. This research, however, shows how greatly the regional and cultural characteristics influence the understanding of a certain disease, and is expected to make more specific and in-depth nursing approach enable for those who have urinary incontinence in small islands.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.327-337
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• 2006

The major purpose of this study was to develop the nutrition education contents and material through the basic data from the service provider and the consumer. And also, to find out the differences of attitude and needs between the service provider (SP breastfeeding specialist), present consumer (PC, pregnant or lactating women) and future consumer (FC, college women). There were types of questionnaires, which consisted of needs and attitudes toward child and maternal nutrition, as well as the personal characteristics of the study subjects. The subjects consisted of 113 breastfeeding specialists who served at medical related institutions, 197 pregnant or lactating women and 309 college women. The self-administered questionnaires from subjects were collected from October to November 2005 in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. The data was analysed by SPSS Win 12.0, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of this study were as following: 1) The most Important determining factors on breastfeeding was 'medical specialist's support' (3.51) and the next one was 'knowledge of maternity care practice' (3.39). And the importance score of determinating factors on breastfeeding was significantly different between each group (p < 0.001). The groups of consumer (3.50 at PC and 3.59 at FC) considered the service provider (3.32) more important. The service providers considered a more effective determining factor to be 'husband and family support' and 'peer support' than the others (p <0.001). 2) To compare the effective factors of breastfeeding practices between the three groups, the service providers were more significantly considered than the otters such as 'attendance of intervention program' (p < 0.001). But the PC group considered the most effective factors wis 'mother's job after delivery'. 3) The self-evaluated score of the breastfeeding knowledge was the most high in SP; the score was significantly different between groups. The knowledge score of nutritional aspects in human milk was most highly evaluated. But maternity care practice and public acceptance marked the lower evaluation score than other issues. 4) The desirable types of educational material was mass media, and the next was printed matter such as booklets. Two kinds if consumers preferred DVD or VCR tapes than and the service provider group (p < 0.001). 5) The priority contents of nutrition service PC group wanted the information about infant care more than maternal care (p < 0.05), but FC group's priority was significantly different compared with PC group (p < 0.001). The priority of SP group pointed out the information of practical child care methods. The results showed the needs of nutrition service, education channels, and perception toward effective factors on consumer behavior changes were significantly different between each group. Thus the result of this study may suggest that consumer oriented nutrition service programs must be developed.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.243-260
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• 2009

수학교과의 특성상 많은 학생들이 수학 학습에 어려움을 느끼고 있으며 훌륭한 교수 학습 방법이 제시되고 있지만 실제 수학 학습 부진아는 줄어들지 않고 오히려 더 많아지는 것이다. 본 연구는 마인드 맵을 적용했을 때 학습부진아들의 수학 학업 성취와 태도에 어느 정도의 긍정적인 영향을 미치는가에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 이를 위해 충남에 소재하고 있는 C고등학교 1학년 2개 학급 32명의 학습부진아들을 대상으로 사전 수학학습능력검사, 사전 사후 수학태도 설문조사, 사후 수학 학습능력 검사를 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 학습 부진아들의 수학 학습에서의 태도와 수학 학습능력 향상에 마인드 맵을 활용한 수업이 긍정적인 효과를 줄 것으로 예상하였으나 검증결과 유의미한 효과를 나타내지 못하였다. 그러나 마인드 맵을 수학 학습에 활용하는 것과 이의 활용이 학습태도 변화에 긍정적인 영향을 주었음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 학습 부진아에 대한 특성을 먼저 파악한 후 그에 맞는 마인드 맵을 교수 학습에 적용해야하며 학생들이 이 마인드맵을 바르게 인식하고 익숙하게 작성할 수 있도록 충분한 시간적 여유가 제공되어야 한다. 교사의 전문적 지식과 학생에 대한 교사의 배려 속에서 마인드 맵에 대한 후속연구가 장기간에 걸쳐 체계적으로 진행된다면 좋은 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2011

수학적 힘과 수학에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 가진 21세기에 적합한 인간을 육성하기 위해서는 학생 개개인의 능력과 수준에 맞는 균등한 학습의 기회가 제공되어야 하며, 특히 학습 부진아들에게는 이러한 수학 교육이 더욱 절실하다. 본 연구는 각 단계의 최적의 학습 자료라 할 수 있는 교과서를 활용하여 이전 학년의 교과서를 분석하고, 점검하는 활동이 학생의 수학 학습 능력과 수학적 성향에 어떤 변화를 가져오는지에 대해 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 이전 학년의 교과서를 활용한 수학 학습 부진아 지도 방법이 수학 학습 부진아에게 할 수 있다는 신념을 갖게 하고 수학적 연결성을 강화시켜 주며, 핵심적인 내용을 스스로 파악하는 습관을 가지게 하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.873-883
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• 2008

In this study, we assessed consumers' recognition of frozen foods via a survey study, and monitored the contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria and Escherichia coli in imported and domestic frozen seafoods obtained from five whole sale markets in Seoul. A questionnaire used to assess the perception of frozen food safety and the attitude towards frozen food usage was developed and distributed to 350 adults. A total of 324 questionnaires were subjected to frequency analysis and a chi-square test, using SPSS for Windows. The results of our survey study demonstrated that 44.6% of the respondent consumed frozen processed foods two to three times per month, with dumplings being the most frequently purchased. 70.5% of the respondents selected "convenient cooking" as the principal reason for their frozen food purchases. 58% of the respondents believed that frozen processed food is not safe to eat as the result of food additives and changes in quality during the shelf life period. Consumers most profoundly preferred frozen seafood originating from America, and preferred that from China least profoundly (81.2%). Microbiological analyses demonstrated that the aerobic plate counts of frozen seafood, regardless of origin, fulfill the standard requirements except for one frozen clam (6.6 Log CFU/g), which was a heated-frozen domestic product. In addition, E. coli was isolated from frozen cooked mussels, frozen raw clams and squids, thus indicating that more strict hygienic regulation for frozen seafoods will be necessary to protect the consumer in both domestic and foreign markets.

• 한국인구학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.125-139
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• 1993

Korea has successfully achieved a lowered fertility level owing to the strong population control policy and effective family planning program. Along with fertility decline and decreased number of children in family, average number of household members has decreased and nontraditional households such as one person household and households composed of unrelated individuals have prolifirated, even though the absolute number of them are found minimal in Korea. However in recent years several data and survey results suggest that one person households are gradually in the increasing trend. The study aimed at investigating the real state of one person households in Korea and next analyzing the proportional distribution of one person households by a few socioeconomic characteristics, thus providing basic for eatablishing far-singhted population and social welfare policy in the future. Korea has experienced high growth rate of economy through government-led development plans starting from the 1960s. During the past three decades, Korea has shifted from the agricultural state to the industrialized one. In compliance with the economic growth, urbanization and industrialization have brought about rural-to-urban migration and a great bulk of young population migrated to urban areas, who are seeking for educational and job opportunities. Korean society has also been under drastic change in every aspect of life involving norms, tradition, and attitude, etc. Therefore, in spite of the prejudice on 'living alone' still remaining, young people gradually leave parents and home, and further form nontraditional households in urban areas. Current increase in the number of one person households is partly attributable to the increase in high female educational attainment and female participation in economic activities. As the industrial structure in Korea changes from primary into secondary and tertiary industries, job opportunities for service/sales and manufacturing are opened to young female labor force in the process of industrialization. Contrary to the formation of one person households by young people, the aged single households are composed when children in family leave one by one because of marriage, education, employment. In particular, a higher proportion of aged female single households occur in rural areas due to the mortality difference by sex. Based on the data released form the 1990 Population and Housing Census and National Fertility and Family Health Survey in 1985 and 1991, the study tried to examine the state of one person households in Korea. According to Census data, the number of one person households increased to 1, 021, 000 in 1990, comprising 9.0 percent of total households. And the survey reveal that among total 11, 540 households, 8.0 percent, 923 households, are composed of one person households. Generally, the proportion of female single households is greater than that of male ones, and a big proportion of one person households is concentrated in the 25-34 age bracket in urban areas and 65 years and more in rural areas. It is shown than one person householders in urban areas have higher educational attainment with 59.2 percent high schooling and over in 1991, Job seeking proved to be the main reason for leaving home and forming one person households. The number of young female single households with higher education and economic self-reliance are found nil and the study did not allow to analyze the causal realtionship between female education and employment and one person household formation. However more research and deep analysis on the causal facors on one person household formation using statistical method are believed to be necessary.