• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 1996

This study was done to investigate whether cholic acid derivatives have anti-stress activity and what is a cause of this anti-stress effect. Seven cholic acid derivatives (cholic acid, taurocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxychoic acid, chenodeoxy cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid) were used, silymarin and valproic acid were used as positive controls. Stress was induced by restraint immobilization technique plus water immersion (24hrs) and adrenal weight, spleen weight, adrenal ascorbic acid, serum cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), adrenal cholesterol, glucose and corticosterone levels were measured as stress indicators. Most cholic acid derivatives markedly decreased the adrenal weight, and TUDCA and DHCA increased the spleen weight. The restraint stress induced increments in serum LDH, ALP and cholesterol were attenuated by most cholic acid derivatives. Cholic acid, taurocholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid only increased the content of adrenal ascorbate. While valproic acid showed an inhibitory effect against stress, silymarin did not. Our findings suggest that most cholic acid derivatives have anti-stress effect and that their anti-stress effect is, in part, related to choleretic activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 1999

Both ethanol and water extracts of unossified velvet antler were found to exhibit a significant immuno-stimulating activity as measured by carbon clearance test in mice, a remarkable anti-fatigue effect in weight-loaded forced swimming performance in mice, a significant anti-stress effect on immobilization in rats. The antler extracts also showed a weak but significant anti-thrombotic activity. These findings are indicative of adaptogenic properties of antlers and their normalizing effects during stressful condition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.604-611
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• 1999

The effects of anti-stress chrysanthemum flower (ASCF) extract drink (ASCF-0.1% and ASCF-0.5% concentrations) were tested for the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2 g) were fed with basic experimental diets and given free access to water containing these ingredients for 18 days. Psychological stress/sociopsychologcal stress exposed by foot-shock for 1 hour for 3 days. Both ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups in the sociopsychological stress resulted in a significant decrease of 28.1% and 27.3% in plasma corticosterone (CS) secretion compared with psychological stress (control group). Noradrenaline (NA) secretions in the brain were significantly increased 49.7% and 53.9%, respectively, in ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups compared with control group. MHPG-SO4 (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethy-leneglycol sulfate) levels in the brain resulted in a marked decreases of 12.9% and 16.6%, respectively in ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups. NA/MHPG-SO4 ratios in the brain of ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups resulted in a significantly increase of 71.3% and 81.0%, respectively, compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-stress chrysanthemum flower (ASCF) drink can effectively ridded the sociopsychological stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.596-603
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• 1999

The effects of anti-stress mind tonic (ASMT) drink (ASMT-0.1% and ASMT-0.5% concentration) were tested for the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2 g) were fed with basic experimental diets free access to water containing these ingredients for 18 days. Psychological stress/sociopsychological stress were exposed by foot-shock for 1 hour for 3 days. Both ASMT-0.1 and ASMT-0.5 groups in the sociopsychological stress resulted in a significant decrease of 19.1% and 41.9% in plasma corticosterone (CS) secretion compared with psychological stress (control group). Noradrenaline (NA) secretions in the brain were significantly increased 23.4% and 35.9%, respectively, in ASMT-0.1 and ASMT-0.5 groups compared with control group. MHPG-SO4 (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate) levels in the brain resulted in a marked decreases of 27.1% and 19.6%, respectively in ASMT-0.1 and ASMT-0.5 groups. NA/MHPG-SO4 ratios in the brain of ASMT-0.1 and ASMT-0.5 groups resulted in a significantly increase of about 70% compared with control group. These suggest that mind tonic anti-stress drink can effectively ridded the sociopsychological stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.612-619
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• 1999

The effects of anti-stress rose fruit (ASRF) extract drink (ASRF-0.1% and ASRF-0.5% concentrations) were tested for the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2 g) were fed with basic experimental diets and given free access to water containing these ingredients for 18 days. Psychological stress/sociopsychological stress exposed by foot-shock for 1 hour for 3 days. Both ASRF-0.1 and ASRF-0.5 groups in the sociopsychological stress resulted in a significant decrease of 24.3% and 38.0% in plasma corticosterone (CS) secretion compared with psychological stress (control group). Noradrenaline (NA) secretion in the brain were significantly increased 35.9% in ASRF-0.5 group, but NA secretion in ASRF-0.1 group could not be obtained significant result compared with control group. MHPG-SO4 (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethy leneglycol sulfate) levels in the brain resulted in a marked decreases of 16.5% and 18.9% respectively in ASRF-0.1 and ASRF-0.5 groups. NA/MHPG-SO4 ratios in the brain of ASRF-0.1 and ASRF-0.5 groups resulted in a significantly increase of 16.5% and 67.0%, respectively, compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-stress rose fruit (ASRF) drink also can effectively ridded the sociopsychological stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.277-290
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• 1996

This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-pain effect of Kamikuibitang in acetic acid method and the anti-ulceration effect of Kamikuibitang in indomethacin, aspirin and immobilization stress method in rats. The results were follows; 1. The anti-pain effects of Kuibitang and Kamikuibitang were decreased compared with those of control group. 2. In indomethacin and aspirin method, the anti-ulcerative effects of experimental groups were shown compared with those of control group. 3. In immobilization stress method, the anti-ulcerative effect of experimental groups was significantly shown compared with that of control group. 4. The serum gastrin levels of Kuibitang groups showed very significant decrease in indomethacin-induced and immobilization stress-induced ulcers. The serum gastrin levels of Kamikuibitang groups showed very significant decrease in indomethacin-induced, aspirin- induced and immobilization stress-induced ulcers. 5. The serum $V_{B12}$ levels of Kuibitang groups showed very significant increase in both indomethacin-induced and immobilization stress-induced ulcers. The serum $V_{B12}$ levels of Kamikuibitang groups showed significant increase in aspirin-induced and immobilization stress-induced ulcers whereas very significant increase in indomethacin-induced ulcer. According to the above results, it was concluded that Kamikuibitang had very significant anti-ulceration effect as well as anti-pain effect on gastric ulcer in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-184
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate how much students stress have, how they cope with this stress, differences between problem behaviors and personality changes based on stress, and stress differing levels when coping with the situation either actively or passively The hypotheses were stated as follows. 1. There will be differences between problem behaviors and personality problems based on sex. 2 There will be differences between problem behaviors and personality problems based on grade. 3. There will be differences between problem behaviors and personality problems based on stress level. 4. There will be differences between problem behaviors and personality problems based on a student's ability to cope with stress. 5. Upper level students under lower stress and lower level students under higher stress will have more problems behaviors and more personality problems. 300 male/female high school students throughout the Seoul area were randomly selected. Of the 300 subjects that were sampled, 294 (Male=145, Female=149) actually participated in this study. The Stress Scale developed by Lazarus & Folkman (1984) Problem Behavior Scale, Personality Problem Scale, and Checklist were used and the conclusions are stated as follows. First, male students have more anti-social behavior and higher anti-social tendencies than female students and female students have more self-depreciation than male students. Second, upper level students have more anti-social behavior, self-ego, fabrication, and higher personality problems than lower level students. Third, students having too much stress have more anti-social behavior, self-ego, and fabrication and personality problems than students having less stress. Fourth, students coping with stress actively showed less self-ego and fabrication and less thought disturbance, anti-social tendencies, and self-depreciation than students coping with stress passively. Finally, upper level students under lower stress and lower level students under higher stress have more fabrication behaviors and more thought disturbance and self-depreciation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.232-241
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• 1998

This study was done to investigate whether cholic acid derivatives have anti-stress activity in various stress models. Two cholic acid derivatives, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (WDCA), were used. physical, psychological, chemical and environmental stress models were performed. Adrenal weight, serum glucose levels and ALP activity were elevated in restraint stress model, but this elevation was prevented by UDCA treatment. Moreover, UDCA and TUDCA inhibited exploratory and spontaneous movements in oscillation stress model. In alcohol-induced stress model, TUDCA improved rotarod performance. UDCA and TUDCA significantly reduced the involution of lymphoid organs and the increment of WBC counts in cold stress model. These findings suggest that choric acid derivatives have antistress effects in various stress models.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2005

When we carried out an anti-stress study using the extracts of A. senticosus, R. coreanus, F .japonica root, and A. fruticosa fruit grown in Korea, the results showed that blood cell counts returned to normal levels fastest with R. coreanus after stress application. The total WBC count was decreased in mice due to stress, whereas the number of lymphocytes was increased. The serum glucose level was higher in the control group compared with the comparative stress group. The weight of each organ to returning to normal level was significantly faster in those mice treated with the extracts compared with those in control groups. Especially, it even return to that of normal level with R. coreanus extract, suggesting that the administration of the plant extracts in this study would affect hormonal activities in the body to increase immune activities. F. japonica root that showed the highest anti-stress activities maybe effective for lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. These results would provide basic data to examine anti-stress effects of natural plants. Further in-depth studies could contribute in the development of functional plant materials with anti-stress activities.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 2010

We tested whether ginsenosides $Rg_3$-standardized ginseng extract (RGE) has anti-stress effects in restraint-stressed animals. RGE increased time spent in the open arms and open arm entries in the elevated plus-maze test. In addition, RGE blocked the reduction of center zone distance and stereotypes behaviors in the open-field test. RGE also increased head dips in stressed mice, indicating anxiolytic-like effects. Stress decreased movement distance and duration, burrowing, and rearing frequency but increased face washing and grooming. RGE significantly reversed burrowing and rearing activity in stressed mice. In addition, we measured sleep architecture in restraint stressed rats using EEG recorder. Stress increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but total sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep were not changed. RGE did not affect sleep architecture in stressed rats. These behavioral experiments suggest that RGE has anti-stress effects in restraint-stressed animal models.