• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 1985

0.1%-Merthiolate solutions were applied to rats with or without sodium selenite. Rat organs were excised under ether anesthesia. Mercury contents in rat tissues were determined by quartz tube combustion gold amalgamation method. Mercury contents were accumulated at about 3-fold in the brain, 143-fold in the kidney, 62-fold in the blood cell, 22-fold in the liver than those of untreated rats respectively, on the 1st day after application of mert iolate for 7 days. On the other hand, the addition of sodium selenite caused a shift in the tissue mercury distribution. Our study showed that simultaneous administration of sodium selenite increased the accumulation of mercury in the brain, but became to decrease it after 9 days, while decreased it in the kidney, but grew to increase it, respectively.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.90-111
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• 1992

Community involvement is to be the keystone of primary health care, Unfortunately, efforts to promote it failed in many countries. Author inquired into the reasons why such efforts fail, and the alternative strategies for effectively promoting it in Korean situation today. In doing so, the concept of community involvement is clarified as an amalgamation of two different concepts; one is that of the community development, and the other is that of approaches for overcoming the alienation of the people from the health care process. Stategies of community involvement in Korea so far followed the line of the community development, e.g. village health worker. It loses, however, the feasibility as Korea has experinced so cial and economic developpment. The strategies of the second line of thought is now more feasible; empowering the people by providing more information and enhancing comitment to health, improving acceptabilty of community involvemt on the part of the health professionals and the bureaucrats, and building the mechanism of community involvement into the health policy-making process.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.327-335
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• 2022

Let R be a commutative ring with identity. We call the ring R to be an almost weakly finite conductor if for any two elements a and b in R, there exists a positive integer n such that aⁿR ∩ bⁿR is finitely generated. In this article, we give some conditions for the trivial ring extensions and the amalgamated algebras to be almost weakly finite conductor rings. We investigate the transfer of these properties to trivial ring extensions and amalgamation of rings. Our results generate examples which enrich the current literature with new families of examples of nonfinite conductor weakly finite conductor rings.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.1387-1408
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• 2022

Let R be a commutative ring with a non-zero identity, S be a multiplicatively closed subset of R and M be a unital R-module. In this paper, we define a submodule N of M with (N :_R M)∩S = ∅ to be weakly S-prime if there exists s ∈ S such that whenever a ∈ R and m ∈ M with 0 ≠ am ∈ N, then either sa ∈ (N :_R M) or sm ∈ N. Many properties, examples and characterizations of weakly S-prime submodules are introduced, especially in multiplication modules. Moreover, we investigate the behavior of this structure under module homomorphisms, localizations, quotient modules, cartesian product and idealizations. Finally, we define two kinds of submodules of the amalgamation module along an ideal and investigate conditions under which they are weakly S-prime.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.705-714
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• 2023

Bennis and El Hajoui have defined a (commutative unital) ring R to be S-coherent if each finitely generated ideal of R is a S-finitely presented R-module. Any coherent ring is an S-coherent ring. Several examples of S-coherent rings that are not coherent rings are obtained as byproducts of our study of the transfer of the S-coherent property to trivial ring extensions and amalgamated duplications.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.983-992
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• 2023

Let A be a ring and 𝓙 = {ideals I of A | J(I) = I}. The Krull dimension of A, written dim A, is the sup of the lengths of chains of prime ideals of A; whereas the dimension of the maximal spectrum, denoted by dim _𝓙A, is the sup of the lengths of chains of prime ideals from 𝓙. Then dim _𝓙A ≤ dim A. In this paper, we will study the dimension of the maximal spectrum of some constructions of rings and we will be interested in the transfer of the property J-Noetherian to ring extensions.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.363-372
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• 2024

In this paper, we introduce a weak version of coherent that we call regular coherent property. A ring is called regular coherent, if every finitely generated regular ideal is finitely presented. We investigate the stability of this property under localization and homomorphic image, and its transfer to various contexts of constructions such as trivial ring extensions, pullbacks and amalgamated. Our results generate examples which enrich the current literature with new and original families of rings that satisfy this property.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.953-973
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• 2024

Let R = ⊕_α∈Γ R_α be a commutative ring graded by an arbitrary torsionless monoid Γ. A homogeneous prime ideal P of R is said to be strongly homogeneous prime if aP and bR are comparable for any homogeneous elements a, b of R. We will say that R is a graded pseudo-valuation ring (gr-PVR for short) if every homogeneous prime ideal of R is strongly homogeneous prime. In this paper, we introduce and study the graded version of the pseudo-valuation rings which is a generalization of the gr-pseudo-valuation domains in the context of arbitrary Γ-graded rings (with zero-divisors). We then study the possible transfer of this property to the graded trivial ring extension and the graded amalgamation. Our goal is to provide examples of new classes of Γ-graded rings that satisfy the above mentioned property.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.257-266
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• 2017

Objectives: The hazardous metals content of medicinal herbs distributed in the Daegu area was investigated, and the place of origin and the content of herbicides and medicinal components were studied. Methods: An analysis of hazardous metals content (10 types) was carried out on 164 samples of 99 types of herbal medicines. Among the total samples, 45 were domestic and 119 were imported. Hg was analyzed by the amalgamation method. Other hazardous metals content (nine types) was digested using the microwave method and measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results: The mean values of the hazardous metals content in the herbal medicines were Pb 1.0833 mg/kg, As 0.0136 mg/kg, Cd 0.0840 mg/kg, Cr 3.7120 mg/kg, Cu 4.2666 mg/kg, Mn 40.080 mg/kg, Ni 1.4330 mg/kg, Sb 0.1053 mg/kg, Al 202.64 mg/kg and Hg 0.0062 mg/kg. Three of the samples violated the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) regulatory guidance on cadmium (less than 0.3 mg/kg). The measured values of heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Hg) showed levels below the recommended levels for herbal medicines in MFDS regulatory guidance. In the comparison of domestic samples with imported herbal medicines, it was found that one domestic and two imported samples surpassed the maximum residue limits for cadmium. The median values of the hazardous metals detected in the three medicinal parts of the root, leaf (branch), and flower (seed and fruit) were as follows. Cr, Ni, Sb and Al were highly detected in roots, Pb, Cd, Mn, Hg in leafs (branch), and As, Cu in flowers (seed and fruit). Conclusion: There were various kinds of hazardous metals which were detected at high levels according to the place of origin of the medicinal herb and the parts the plant. For hazardous metals for which no acceptance criteria have been established, safety standards should be further studied and managed to ensure the safety of herbal medicines.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

This study has attempted to establish an analysis method through validation against heavy metals in the body (Pb, Cd and Hg) using ICP-MS and Gold amalgamation and find out the relevance between heavy metal and Alzheimer's disease after analyzing the distribution of heavy metal concentration (Pb, Cd and Hg) and correlations between a control group and Alzheimer's disease group. In this study, Pb and Cd levels in the blood and serum were validation using ICP-MS. For analysis of Hg levels in the blood and serum, the gold amalgamation-based 'Direct Mercury Analyzer' has been used. According to an analysis on the heavy metal concentration (Pb, Cd and Hg concentration) in the blood, Cd concentration was high in the Alzheimer's disease group. In the serum, on the contrary, Pb and Hg were high in the Alzheimer's disease group. For analysis of correlations between heavy metal levels in the blood and serum and Alzheimer's disease, t-test has been performed. Even though correlations were observed between the blood lead levels and Alzheimer's disease, they were statistically insignificant because the concentration was higher in a control group. No significance was found in Cd and Hg. In the serum, on the other hand, no statistical significance was found between the heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Hg) and Alzheimer's disease. In this study, no statistical significance was observed between heavy metal and decrease in cognitive intelligence. However, it appears that a further study needs to be performed because the results of the conventional studies were inconsistent.