• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

School bullying has become a major social problem in Korea after the emergence of media reports on children who committed suicide after being victimized by bullies. In this article, we review the characteristics of bullying, and investigate the role of the pediatrician in the prevention of and intervention against bullying and school violence. Bullying can take on many forms such as physical threat, verbal humiliation, malicious rumors, and social ostracism. The prevalence of bullying in various countries is approximately 10% to 20%. In Korea, the prevalence of school violence is similar but seems to be more intense because of the highly competitive environment. From our review of literature, we found that children who were bullied had a significantly higher risk of developing psychosomatic and psychosocial problems such as headache, abdominal pain, anxiety, and depression than those who were not bullied. Hence, it is important for health practitioners to detect these signs in a child who was bullied by questioning and examining the child, and to determine whether bullying plays a contributing role when a child exhibits such signs. Pediatricians can play an important role in the prevention of or intervention against school violence along with school authorities, parents, and community leaders. Moreover, guidelines to prevent school violence, such as the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, KiVa of the Finish Ministry of Education, and Connected Kids: Safe, Strong, Secure of the American Academy Pediatrics, should be implemented.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2014

본 연구는 청소년의 가족기능, 충동성, 스트레스가 집단따돌림 유형에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 중 고등학생 627명으로, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 program을 사용하여 평균과 표준편차, t-test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient 및 stepwise multiple regression analysis으로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 집단따돌림 유형(가해 및 피해)은 가족기능, 충동성, 스트레스와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 집단따돌림 가해에 영향을 미치는 요인은 가족기능의 하부요인에서 정서적 반응성, 충동성의 하부영역에서 무계획 충동성, 스트레스의 하부요인에서 친구관련 스트레스, 일반적 특성에서 음주경험(있음), 부모 우울문제 경험(있음)로 확인되었으며, 34.1%의 설명력을 나타내었다. 집단따돌림 피해에 영향을 미치는 요인은 가족기능의 하부요인에서 의사소통, 충동성의 하부영역에서 운동 충동성, 스트레스의 하부요인에서 친구관련 스트레스, 일반적 특성에서 성별(남학생), 학년(중학생)으로 확인되었으며, 30.9%의 설명력을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 청소년의 집단따돌림 유형(가해 및 피해)에 가족기능, 충동성, 스트레스의 역할을 실증적으로 확인하였다는 점과 청소년의 집단따돌림 유형에 따른 중재방안의 기초 자료를 제공하였다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of self-esteem and self-resilience while identifying the relationship between bullying victimization (being bullied) and depression based on a longitudinal study design. Methods: Participants were adolescent cohort of 1,971 middle school students participating in 2013 and 2014 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey conducted by National Youth Policy Institute. Data were analyzed by Pearson's Correlation and regression. Results: The major findings are as follows. First, self-esteem and self-resilience were positively related to each other and negatively related to depression and bullying victimization. Second, bullying victimization effected the level of depression of adolescents and self-esteem played a mediating role between bullying victimization and depression while self-resilience did not. Conclusion: The results suggest that emotional factors continue to play an important role in promoting psychological adjustment of victims of bullying. Therefore, interventions are more likely to be successful if they focus on emotional skills development of adolescents.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.12-27
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• 2020

Purpose: Bullying is a global problem, and various programs are under way to prevent it. The purpose of this study was to review school bullying interventions for Korean school-age children and adolescents. Methods: Online databases such as RISS, KISS, DBpia, NDSL and KMBASE were searched, identifying 32 intervention studies published from January 2009 to November 2018. Results: Thirty-two intervention studies were identified: 23 included school bullying prevention and 9 included school bullying treatment for victims or youth at high risk for bullying. The main purpose of preventive intervention was to decrease the bystander's attitude toward group bullying and treatment program was to improve the psychosocial adaptation of bullying victims. The school bullying interventions varied from group counseling, social skills training, art therapy, bibliotherapy using role-play, game & activities. Classroom environment variables and self-esteem, peer-related variables improved significantly after the school bullying prevention programs and school bullying treatment programs, respectively. Conclusion: There is potential for enhancing the outcomes of the behavioral, interpersonal psychological variable. Integrated interventions considering the individuality, gender and physical health of children and adolescents will also be needed. However, a rigorous study design is required to compensate for the methodological limitations.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

Purpose: To examine whether three, specific maternal and paternal parenting are associated with school bullying. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted among 1585 seventh and eighth-grade students in two middle schools participated in the study between 2000 and 2001. The instruments were the Korean Peer Nomination and Childrearing Behavior Questionnaire (measuring three dimension of parenting practice: Warmth/acceptance, rejection/restriction, and permissiveness-nonintervention). Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The ORs of perpetrator with maternal rejection/restriction parenting was 1.065 (confidence interval: 1.008~1.126). Conclusion: Adolescents who were experiencing maternal rejection/restriction was at significantly increased risk for being perpetrators. Development of preventive and intervention programs with the goal of improving parenting skills may help to reduce adolescent school bullying.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2012

Objectives : The current study was conducted in order to investigate teachers' recognition of school bullying using a nationwide database of adolescents in middle and high school in Korea. Methods : Students in the 7th to 12th grades at 23 secondary schools participated in the current study during the fall of 2009. Subjects completed the self-report form of the Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Screening Questionnaire-II (AMPQ-II) and Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R). In addition, relevant teachers used the teachers' rating scale of the AMPQ-II to report their students' status. Differences in the number of bullied students between teachers' recognition and students' report were explored. Results : A total of 2270 subjects provided relevant responses to the questionnaire. While the one-month prevalence of victimization according to students' self-reports was 28.9%, the recognized prevalence by teachers was only 10.6%. For prediction of the presence of school bullying according to students' self reports on the AMPQ-II, item 7 of the teachers' report on the AMPQ-II showed a sensitivity of 16%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictability of 44%, a negative predictability of 72%, a false positive rate of 8%, a false negative rate of 84%, and an accuracy of 69%, respectively. No significant differences in subscores of students' self reports of the AMPQ-II and SCL-90-R were observed between bullied students who were recognized by teachers and those who were not recognized. In stepwise discriminant analysis, classification of teachers' item 2 and item 7 on the AMPQ-II with respect to school bullying according to students' reports showed an accuracy of 63.4%. Using this model, 75.2% of non-victimized subjects were classified correctly, while only 35.2% of victimized subjects were classified correctly. Conclusion : Despite the high prevalence in Korea, teachers' recognition of school violence among their students remains low. Pre-professional and continuing education to improve teachers' understanding of school bullying and knowledge of effective classroom-based prevention activities should be encouraged.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of victims of bullying and the demographic characteristics of victims, and their related psychopathology, in a Korean nationwide sample of youths in middle and high school over a one month period. Methods : During the autumn of 2009, students in the 7th to 12th grades at 23 secondary schools participated in a nationwide, cross-sectional study. The study subjects completed the Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Screening Questionnaire-II (AMPQ-II) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R). Based on the data acquired, descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. Results : Among the 3364 participants, 2272 (67.54%) completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of victimization was 28.9%. Male gender was positively associated with victimization, and grade level was negatively related to victimization. The AMPQ-II bullying score (Factor 4) was significantly (p<.001) and positively correlated to the AMPQ-II student total score (r= 0.50), Worry and thought (Factor 1 ; r=0.38), Mood and suicide (Factor 2 ; r=0.31), Academic and Internet-related problems (Factor 3 ; r=0.24), Rule violations (Factor 5 ; r=0.23), and AMPQ-II teacher total score (r=0.11). Somatization (r=0.23), Obsessive-compulsive behavior (r=0.24), Interpersonal sensitivity (r=0.30), Depression (r=0.33), Anxiety (r=0.26), Hostility (r=0.30), Phobic anxiety (r=0.22), Paranoid ideation (r=0.36), and Psychoticism (r=0.31) results from the SCL-90-R were also found to be positively related to the AMPQ-II bullying score, and remained significant after adjusting for age and gender. A total of 26% of the victims reported suicidal ideations as compared to 9% of non-victims over the month prior to the evaluation ($x^2$=119.595, df=1, p<.001). The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the AMPQ-II bullying score significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation [Exp(b)=1.55, df=1, p<.001] after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion : School bullying was highly prevalent among Korean middle and high school students. This study provided strong evidence that suicidal ideation and psychopathology were serious problems among the victims of bullying.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2012

Objectives : We developed the short form of the Mentalization Improvement Program for Adolescent-Community Model (MIPAdo-CM-S), based on the concept of the mentalization. Methods : The MIPAdo-CM was composed of 6 sessions and was applied to 133 students in the 1st grade of a middle school for six weeks during their regular school hours. After 6 weeks, we compared the endpoint changes of Adolescent Mental Problem Questionnaire-Revised (AMPQ-R), Emotional Empathy Test, Peer Aggression Scale, Peer Bullying Scale, School Adjustment Scale, Test Anxiety Inventory and Visual Analogue Scale between the subject and the control group. Results : On the Visual Analoge Scale, students in the trial classes reported an increased understanding and respect for others, as well as themselves. Conclusion : The efficacy of MIPAdo-CM was subjective improvement of understanding and respect for both others and themselves. To prove objective usefulness of this program, further studies should be administered in the form of long-term, regular and structured courses.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.349-359
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 학교폭력 가해 청소년의 가해 경험에 대한 본질과 의미를 탐색하고 깊이 있게 이해하는 것이다. 자료는 심층적인 면담을 통해 수집하였고, Colaizzi의 현상학적 분석 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구 참여자는 학교폭력으로 인해 특별교육을 받고 있는 청소년 16명을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료수집은 2018년 5월부터 8월까지 심층면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 분석결과는 학교폭력의 원인과 지속하게 하는 요인, 사건 이후의 경험을 중심으로 13개의 주제모음과 5개의 범주로 구조화되었다. 5개의 범주는 '타인을 공감하기 어려움', '통제되지 않는 분노행동', '미래에 대한 희망이 없음'. '폭력을 통해 이득을 얻음'. '일상이 주는 어려움'으로 구성되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 학교폭력 가해 청소년에게 실질적인 도움과 지원을 마련하기 위한 기초자료를 제공한 것에 의의가 있다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제10권spc호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

청소년의 문제행동 연구는 청소년이 미숙하고 의존적이기 때문이 아니라, 주위의 부정적 영향으로 그들이 누릴 수 있는 권리의 훼손을 방지하기 위한 것이다. 가정, 학교와 사회 등 환경이 청소년 행동에 미치는 영향을 고찰하고, 인터넷게임, 채팅, 운전과 같은 활동영역에서 접근한 청소년 행동연구를 살펴보며, 그리고 자살, 일탈행동과 같은 청소년의 위험행동 원인분석을 통하여 청소년 행동을 이해해 보려고 했다. 청소년 행동의 이해를 위해서는 다양한 접근방법과 학제간 연구가 필요하다는 사실을 고찰하였다.