• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1895-1904
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• 2015

Foodborne illness associated with food service establishments is an important food safety issue in Korea. In this study, foodborne pathogens (Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and hygiene indicator organisms [total viable cell counts (TVC), coliforms] were analyzed for food and environmental samples from foodservice establishments at schools in Gyeonggi province. Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of detected foodborne pathogens were also characterized. A total of 179 samples, including food (n=66), utensil (n=68), and environmental samples (n=45), were collected from eight food service establishments at schools in Gyeonggi province. Average contamination levels of TVC for foods (including raw materials) and environmental samples were 4.7 and 4.0 log CFU/g, respectively. Average contamination levels of coliforms were 2.7 and 4.0 log CFU/g for foods and environmental swab samples, respectively. B. cereus contamination was detected in food samples with an average of 2.1 log CFU/g. E. coli was detected only in raw materials, and S. aureus was positive in raw materials as well as environmental swab samples. Other foodborne pathogens were not detected in all samples. The entire B. cereus isolates possessed at least one of the diarrheal toxin genes (hblACD, nheABC, entFM, and cytK enterotoxin gene). However, ces gene encoding emetic toxin was not detected in B. cereus isolates. S. aureus isolates (n=16) contained at least one or more of the tested enterotoxin genes, except for tst gene. For E. coli and S. aureus, 92.7% and 37.5% of the isolates were susceptible against 16 and 19 antimicrobials, respectively. The analyzed microbial hazards could provide useful information for quantitative microbial risk assessment and food safety management system to control foodborne illness outbreaks in food service establishments.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to investigate the microbial contamination assessment of raw Jinmichae to cook and to establish its control. Three kinds of Korean Jinmichae products(K1, K2, K3) and three kinds of imported Jinmichae products(Chile: F1, Peru: F2, Mexico: F3) were collected from markets and department stores in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The results were as follows; Aerobic mesophilic bacteria in raw Jinmichae(F2) was detected $7.20{\times}10^7$ CFU/g, which exceeded the acceptable standard level, $1.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/g. The rest of raw groups fell up to $1.0{\times}10^3{\sim}1.0{\times}10^4$ CFU/g. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria were detected in blanched and fried Jinmichae groups. Boiled Jinmichae group did not exceed the acceptable standard level of $1.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/g. However, all the fried groups exceeded the level. E. coli were detected in raw Jinmichae but it was able to be controlled by blanching. Unlike this, E. coli was not completely controlled by roasting for 20 seconds relative to 40, 60 seconds. S. aureus were effectively controlled by boiling, however, it was not controlled by roasting. After roasting Jinmichae for 60 seconds, S. aureus were detected in the half of all groups. In this study, Jinmichae were found to be favorable one of side dishes in school meal service. Jinmichae can be contaminated by microbial pathogens such as S. aureus, E. coli, etc. Therefore, further studies are needed to monitor microbial pathogens and to provide their control.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.867-879
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• 2016

Since the 1970s, the region of its own pedestrian center and environmental pollution caused by exhaust gases have been reduced gradually in a continuous increase of the vehicle, school route the central business district, around the school, the sidewalk where the vehicle do not pass, facilities of minimum for the safety of pedestrians and systematic management of an area where an unspecified number and alleys impassable is insufficient. Recently, in response to the "Law for convenience enhancing safety and walking" is enforced in Korea, research on Pedestrian only Street has been actively about the government, the standard for calculating the weights of evaluation associated with it. it is a actuality, however, there are insufficient, evaluation for business promotion is being conducted evaluation polite manner by using, for example, scale residence time and purpose of the passengers as there is no car that has been carried out on a voluntary basis through the municipality have. In this study, by suggesting a method for the selection of the street without a car, make a survey by placing a purpose in the selection method presentation of the street with no car to be construction future, was researching. F.G.I (Focus Group Interview) survey, professors, staff in urban, traffic field of experts in order to present the weights for the evaluation of the Pedestrian only Street by using the evaluation index by type of Pedestrian only Street, was interviewed about the evaluation index for the conducted for professionals engaged in the engineering company, and randomly selected 200 peoples, weighted evaluation of the street with Pedestrian only Street was proposed. By classifying the items purpose and goals of the evaluation type by this by applying the weight, and present the weight of the detailed indicators each corresponding to each item, and scored on the basis of the result, in this paper it can be so that one methodology for the selection standard for the construction as Pedestrian only Street, and the weight of the evaluation of the type that has been derived, the selection and evaluation methods and then added to these criteria to settle careful study of the reference should be performed further.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2010

In this study, monitoring of food additives as an artificial sweetener on favorite foods of children, which are deal at retail store and stationery store around eliminatory school, was performed. We analyzed aspartame, potassium acesulfame, sodium saccharin, and cyclamate from candys, biscuits, chocolates and others. Total 604 items as targeted food were collected from the other country; 285 items of candys, 131 items of biscuits, 74 items of chocolates., 114 items of others. Targeted foods were classified by manufacture nation; 308 samples from domestic products, 211 from China, 26 from Indonesia, and 59 items from other nations. Artificial sweeteners were detected from 75 cases of food stuff which were 38 native product, 25 China, 9 Indonesia, and 3 others. The percentage of detected artificial sweeteners was aspartame 7.8% (47 cases), potassium acesulfame 3.0% (18 cases), sodium saccharin 1.8% (11 cases), and cyclamate 2.6% (16 cases). The detected concentration were followed [average(minimum-maximum) mg/kg]; aspartame 817 (21-4,988), potassium acesulfame 192 (24-1,136), sodium saccharin 91 (5-326), and cyclamate 926 (8-4,680). Aspartame was detected mainly on Korea foods, and cyclamate and sodium saccharin were detected from Indonesia food, artificial sweeteners were detected Chinese food, broadly. As a result, 17 cases were violated against regulatory standard of cyclamate, and sodium saccharin. Considering average body weight (36.9 kg) and daily intake of biscuits (15.6 g) for elementary student, ratio of estimated daily intake and acceptable daily intake was 0.86% for aspartame, 0.54% for potassium acesulfame, 0.77% for sodium saccharin, and 3.56% for cyclamate.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.215-231
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• 2018

Attitudes to the health and dietary life of teachers affect their students. The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary and education awareness, eating habits and dietary management competency of the preliminary teachers and teachers. Data was collected from 812 pre-service teachers and teachers in South Korea using a 5-Likert self-administrated questionnaire in October to December of 2017. Data was analyzed using factor analysis, reliability, one-way analysis of variance, and correlation. The results of this study are as follows. Dietary and education awareness was classified into dietary concern and dietary management stress. Eating habits composed of healthy eating habit and bad eating habit. Dietary management competency was sub-grouped into dietary knowledge, cooking, dietary sanitation and safety, and environment. The all factors of pre - service teachers and teachers showed a significant difference except for the environmental ability factor (p <0.01). All factors were significantly different according to the age and the number of meal preparation (p <0.05). The eating habits were not significantly differences from sex. The major and health condition showed significant differences except dietary management stress and cooking factors (p <0.01). The obesity index showed significant difference in the dietary concern, bad eating habits, and cooking factors (p <0.01). In conclusion, it was required to education and develop education materials that can help the STEAM education using the dietary area. The dietary education program for the pre - service teachers and the teachers should increase the number of participating in the meal preparation considering the difference according to the general characteristics, so that the dietary management competency and the healthy eating habits should be formed.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the direction of dietary education in school. A questionnaire that identified nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior, help degree to real-life of dietary education, and dietary education satisfaction were developed based on a review of the literature. The subjects consisted of 409 high school female students in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. The total mean score of nutrition knowledge was 9.2/15.0. The score of nutrition knowledge was correlated with school type, grade, number of brothers and sisters, and school record(p<0.05). The dietary behavior was 3.30/5.00, showing difference from school type, father's occupation, and economic level(p<0.05). It was also found that the higher the score in nutrition knowledge, the higher the score in dietary behavior(p<0.001). The total mean score of the dietary education satisfaction and help degree to real-life of dietary education for high school female students were same as 3.39/5.00. The biggest reason of unsatisfaction on dietary education was lack of class time. The form of instruction they want to get was the class for experiment and practice. The score of the dietary education satisfaction was correlated with help degree to real-life of dietary education, nutrition knowledge, and dietary behavior(p<0.01). Therefore, more active dietary education should be give to high school female students to meet the intellectual need and successful dietary behavior. Also dietary education would be needed to relate with their home.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.407-420
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• 2014

A survey was carried out regarding university students' recognition of high-caffeine energy drinks in an effort to identify and improve problems as well as provide basic data. Most of the subjects had previous experience of energy drink consumption. Studies showed that most students consumed energy drinks when studying. Regarding frequency of energy drink consumption, most students' responded "1~6 times a year"; female students showed lower frequency of energy drink consumption than male students. Both male and female students used convenience stores to purchase energy drinks. In most cases, students became aware of energy drinks through advertisements on TV, radio, newspapers, and magazines. The most important factor affecting their energy drink purchase and consumption status was taste. The most frequent adverse effect they experienced after drinking an energy drink was unusual heart-pounding, whereas the biggest problem caused by energy drink consumption was addiction. This study indicates that students should have a better understanding of the problems associated with excessive and prolonged high-caffeine intake. In addition, instructions for proper purchasing and consumption of high-caffeine energy drinks should be provided as well as education and campaigns concerning symptoms caused by high-caffeine energy drink consumption so that students may refrain from excessive consumption. Further, civil organizations and the government need to devise effective measures for proper regulation of high-caffeine energy drink consumption.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.29-33
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• 2004

Until early 1980s we have lived without thinking that radon ruins our health. But, scientists knew truth that radon radioactive danger is bedeviling on indoor that we live for a long time. Specially, interest about effect that get in danger and injury for Radon and human body is inactive in our country. Recently, with awareness for Radon contamination, We inform about importance and danger of Radon in some station of the Seoul subway, indoor air of school facilities and We had interest with measure and manages. Usually, Radon gas emitted in base of building enters into indoor through building floor split windage back among radon or indoor air of radon daughter nucleus contamination is increased. Therefore, indoor radon concentration rises as there are a lot of windages between number pipe of top and bottom and base that enter crack from estrangement of the done building floor, underground to indoor. Thus, Radon enters into indoor through architecture resources water as well as, kitchen natural gas for choice etc., but more than about 85% from earth's crust emit. Danger and injury of health by Radon and Radon daughter nucleus that is indicated for cause of lung cancer incerases content of uranium of soil rises specially from inside pit of High area and a mine, cave, hermetical space with house. Safe sub-officer of radon concentration can not know and danger always exists large or small during. So, Important thing reduces danger of lung cancer by lowering concentration of Radon within house and building. Therefore, is thought that need general house Radon concentration measurement, measured Radon concentration monthly using Sintillator radon monitor. Study finding appeared high all underground market 1 year than the ground, and the winter appeared high than the summer. Specially, month that pass over 4pCi in house that United States Environmental Protection Agency advises appeared in underground, and appeared and know Radon exposure gravity by 4 months during 12 months. Therefore, Thinking that establishment and regulation of norm and preparation of reduction countermeasure about Radon are pressing feels, and inform result that measure Radon concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of noodles prepared with the addition of nanofiltered (NF) powder of sunmul. Noodles were prepared with different levels $(0\%,\;1.5\%,\;3\%\;and\;5\%,\;w/w)$ of NF powder and physico-chemical properties were examined. Results of rapid visco analyzer showed that peak, trough, final viscosity and set back decreased as the NF powder level increased. The weight and volume of cooked noodles increased with the addition of NF powder. Turbidity of soup also increased as the amount of NF powder increased, indicating higher cooking loss. The color of wet and cooked noodles became greenish yellow as the NF powder level increased. Hardness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness of cooked noodles decreased with the increasing amount of NF powder. Results of sensory evaluation showed that noodles prepared with up to $3\%$ addition of NF powder was considered to be as acceptable as noodles prepared without NF powder.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.175-205
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find the distribution of the variables on the quality of life and the determinants of the sexual attitude and behavior of the unmarried female workers. This study was surveyed to the 306 unmarried women who worked in the small and medium scale industries in Kyungin area and analyzed the respondent's knowledge of sex, sexual behavior, health behavior, health status, satisfaction of working condition and recognition of working environment. The result of this study could be summarized as follows: The respondent's age are mostly early of twenties and their education level are high school and more. They recognize that their health condition is not so good but they hardly try to improve health condition. They think that their working condition are mostly unsatisfied and they also believe that they expose themselves to the toxic working environment. Although their knowledge of sex are low they have few chances for the education of sex and family planning. Their attitude of premarital sex are conservertive but the rate of approval of living together before marriage are high and the rate of premarital sex is around 15 percent. The premarital sex behavior are positively related with family size, living condition, knowledge of sex and working period but the sex experiences are negatively related with working period and knowledge of sex. As a result we suggest that the sex education and consultative program are necessary for improving the quality of life of the unmarried working women in small and medium scale industries.