• School Mathematics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.103-121
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• 2005

This article compares and analyzes mathematics textbooks of North Korea, South Korea, China and Japan and draws meaningful ways for introducing the division algorithm of fractions. The analysis is based on the five contexts: 'measurement division', 'determination of a unit rate', 'reduction of the quantities in the same measure', 'division as the inverse of multiplication or Cartesian product', 'analogy with multiplication algorithm of fractions'. The main focus of the analysis is what context is used to introduce the algorithm and how much it can appeal to students. This analysis supports that there is a few differences of introducing methods the division algorithm of fractions among those countries and more meaningful way can be considered than ours. It finally suggests that we teach the algorithm in a way which can have students easily see the reason of multiplying the reciprocal of a divisor when they divide with fractions. For this, we need to teach the meaning of a reciprocal of fraction and consider to use the context of determination of a unit rate.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.19-37
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• 2018

In this study, the actual state of teaching seven extensive quantities (time, length, capacity, weight, area, angle measure, volume) of measurement domain are analyzed comparatively between the 2015 revised elementary school mathematics curriculum in Korea and the 2017 revised elementary school mathematics curriculum in Japan in terms of comparison in measurement, direct measurement, indirect measurement, and estimation in measurement. From the results of this comparative analysis, some implications for discussion on the development of the next elementary school mathematics textbook and the next elementary mathematics curriculum can be suggested. First, it is necessary to discuss on clarifying the range of handling of comparison, direct measurement, indirect measurement, estimation of seven extensive quantities respectively. Second, it is necessary to discuss on doing direct comparison when intuitive comparison is difficult. Third, it is necessary to discuss on reconsidering indirect comparison of weights. Fourth, it is necessary to discuss on reconsidering measurement using arbitrary units in case of angular measures. Fifth, it is necessary to discuss on dealing with estimating the area of $1cm^2$ and $1m^2$ and the volume of $1cm^3$ and $1m^3$ for the purpose to make rough guesses their size respectively.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.445-459
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• 2005

Statistics education is considered within the mathematics curriculum and, thus, can be integrated into other areas of mathematics. However, statistical concepts and thinking skills have to be considered as very different from those of other areas. It is possible to make statistics more meaningful for the learner by making definitions or explanations of concepts in textbooks more clear and consistent. In 'Math I' and 'Probability & Statistics' of the 7th curriculum, the definitions of sample standard deviation are different, which might confuse students. In this study, firstly, some issues relevant to sample standard deviation concept are discussed through the analysis in terms of didactical situation and curriculum. Secondly, the characteristics of sample standard deviation concept as a scholarly knowledge are examined. Finally, the characteristics of didactic transposition of sample standard deviation concept in Japanese, American, and British textbooks are investigated and some suggestions are elicited.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.135-160
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• 2017

Since mathematics textbooks for 6th graders based on the 2009 revised national curriculum were applied to the site, there has been a note pointing out that the unit of 'ratio and rate' causes some learning difficulties. This implies the necessity of search for desirable methods of organizing the unit of ratio and rate in mathematics textbooks. This study analyzed and compared Korean and foreign mathematics textbooks on ratio and rate longitudinally and horizontally, respectively. For longitudinal analysis, we selected the mathematics textbooks according to the national curriculum since the 5th one. For horizontal analysis, we took the mathematics textbooks of Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Finland. In each textbook, the contents and the order in relation to ratio and rate, the definitions of terminology, and the methods for introducing related concepts are set as the analysis framework. The results of analysis revealed many characteristics and the differences in ways of dealing contents about ratio and rate. Based on these results, we suggested some implications for writing the unit of ratio and rate in elementary mathematics textbooks.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 2019

The picture of the mathematics curriculum should carry the complex role of relieving the difficulties of mathematics while conveying the core of the mathematics contents well. This study examined the precedence of picture and text harmony and the importance of emotional expression. The discussion of children's picture books became an important reference in this process. The understanding of the child's psychology and cognitive characteristics in the long history of picture books and the insight into the relationship between text and pictures will be important guidelines for elementary school textbooks. Based on these previous studies, this study found some impressive examples of Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and American textbooks on the two complementary relationships between paintings and texts and emotional expressions of paintings. If necessary, we compared these textbooks with Korean textbooks. Through this analysis, this study draws some implications for Korean textbook drawing and textbook production process. That is, the process of reading the picture and interpreting its meaning should be treated as part of the study of mathematics. The mathematical concepts to be dealt with or the sentence description of the problem should be concurrent with the design of the picture. The monotonous expressions and dialogues of characters in textbooks should be avoided, and the personality and emotions of characters should be more abundant and freely expressive.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.9-26
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• 1986

The mathematics education circles in Japan has a variety of subjects. I want to speak w generally are considered on those subjects. Some of these subjects are as follows: (1) The ratio of students who go on to high schools is about 95 percent, so that it is h to solve how to design the mathematics curriculum for the poor scholars. (2) Though the effects of instruction at the schools does not betray the nation's trust, JUKU increase in number. Thus all teachers in schools cannot but endeavor to fulfil the responsibility. (3) Some of the junior high school's teachers suffer from the misconducts and violences pupils. Thus researchers of mathematics education in such schools tend to stagnate. 4) The tudents and pupils get good results in the examinations of calculation, but in the examinations such as word problems that require their judgements not so. Etc. t is not easy to solve or cope with the these subjects. or the subjects as (3), all teachers concentrate their efforts on the activation of lessons the heightening the pupil's will to learn. or the subjects as (4), the idea of mathematical thinking has be advocated since about 1960, recently the 'problem solving' are proposed and are studying. Lastly the researchers in the university are theorizing their own works and digest and utilize arge foreign's literatures. Furthermore a great number of teachers make an effort to research their calssrooms. But a great part of the results of their researches are utilized only in country. I hope, hereafter, that the effects of researches in Japan become known and ized to the foreign countries.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2022

Mathematics is a way of thinking. To do mathematics means to think mathematically. In other words, mathematics education and mathematics literacy are related. In elementary and secondary school mathematics education in many countries, teaching of mathematics using textbooks is conducted mostly in their native language. So mathematics education takes place while reading, writing, listening, and speaking mathematics. Analysis of mathematics textbooks for the lower grades of undergraduate mathematics shows that most advanced countries in mathematics use excellent undergraduate mathematics textbooks written in their native language. However, the ratio of using imported textbooks from foreign countries is particularly high in the case of textbooks for mathematics majors at Korean universities. In this article, the effect of language used in university mathematics education is analized. In particular, the importance of high-quality leading-edge university mathematics textbooks in native language is introduced by analyzing the case of Bourbaki in France and 'War of language' at the Israel Institute of Technology. The innovation of French university mathematics education in the 20th century began with Bourbaki's 'Fundamentals of Mathematics', a French textbook written in his native language. Israel's Technion and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem continue to teach all subjects in their mother tongue. This has led to produce many Nobel Prize and Fields medal winners in these two countries. This study shows that textbooks and languages used in university mathematics education has affected mathematical literacy.

• School Mathematics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.547-565
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• 2009

This study presents the examination system, contents, and types of items in mathematics in the examination subjects at a nationwide level that are applied to examination materials for college entrance through analyzing such system, contents, and types of problems. Based on the results of this analysis, this study draws certain issues on the contents that are to be included in large-scale national examinations used for materials for college entrance, types of items which are able to appropriately present such content, and specific issues on the examination system in order to effectively perform the examination through proper configurations in all these issues. Thus, this study will provide some basis to determine the examination system in mathematics for the College Scholastic Ability Test according to future educational curriculum.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Since western mathematics and astronomy had been introduced in Chosun dynasty in the 17th century, most of Chosun mathematicians studied Shu li jing yun(數理精蘊) for the western mathematics. In the last two decades of the 19th century, Chosun scholars have studied them which were introduced by Japanese text books and western missionaries. The former dealt mostly with elementary arithmetic and the latter established schools and taught mathematics. Lee Sang Seol(1870~1917) is well known in Korea as a Confucian scholar, government official, educator and foremost Korean independence movement activist in the 20th century. He was very eager to acquire western civilizations and studied them with the minister H. B. Hulbert(1863~1949). He wrote a mathematics book Su Ri(數理, 1898-1899) which has two parts. The first one deals with the linear part(線部) and geometry in Shu li jing yun and the second part with algebra. Using Su Ri, we investigate the process of transmission of western mathematics into Chosun in the century and show that Lee Sang Seol built a firm foundation for the study of algebra in Chosun.

• School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.663-690
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to look into the meaning and sub-factors of spatial orientation, compare and analyze mathematics curriculums and textbooks of several countries with respect to spatial orientation and offer suggestions to improve teaching spatial orientation in elementary school mathematics in Korea. In order to attain these purposes, this study examined the meaning and sub-factors of spatial orientation through the theoretical consideration regarding various studies on spatial sense. Based on such examination, this study compared and analyzed mathematics curriculums and textbooks used in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, China, Hong Kong, Finland, United States of America, and Germany with respect to contents of mathematics curriculum and textbooks in grades, sub-factors of spatial orientation, and contexts for spatial orientation. In the light of such theoretical consideration and analytical results, this study provided suggestions for improving teaching spatial orientation in elementary schools in Korea as follows: extending content of spatial orientation in mathematics curriculum, emphasizing spatial orientation across the several grades, especially in the upper grades, providing opportunities to learn the sub-factors of location, direction, coordinates, route, and distance variously, and utilizing various familiar and realistic contexts in the world around students.