• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2024

This study was attempted to understand the phenomenon in depth by exploring the food craving of hemodialysis patients experienced during hemodialysis. Participants selected seven adult patients diagnosed with end-stage renal failure and receiving hemodialysis treatment from medical institutions. he collected data were analyzed using a phenomenological analysis method. As a result of the analysis the food craving of hemodialysis patients was derived into two categories included craving experience in the cognitive domain craving experience in the emotional domain and five themes: 'Looking for foods that are water and watery as a result of thirst','Food thoughts come to mind all day as a result of a limited diet', 'Always hungry', 'Faced with appetizing situations every hour', 'experiencing negative emotions due to failure to control meals'. The results of this study which sheds light on food craving from the perspective of hemodialysis patients should improve the understanding of hemodialysis patients appetite control water restrictions and dietary compliance and allow them to understand the food craving attributes of hemodialysis patients and provide customized education optimized for that extent when applying dietary education and nursing interventions suitable for them.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.685-698
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• 2023

This study aimed to identify binge-eating behavior and food addiction in Korean population and to determine their associations with obesity, eating behaviors, mental health and cognitive characteristics. We collected clinical questionnaire scores related to eating problems (e.g. binge eating, food addiction, food cravings), mental health (e.g. depression), and cognitive functions (e.g. impulsivity, emotion regulation) in 257 Korean adults in the normal and the obese weight ranges. Binge-eating and food addiction were most frequent in obese women (binge-eating: 46.6%, food addiction: 29.3%) when we divided the participants into 4 groups depending on gender and obesity status. The independence test using the data with propensity score matching confirmed that binge-eating and food addiction were more prevalent in obese individuals. Finally, we constructed the logistic regression models using forward selection method to evaluate the influence of various clinical questionnaire scores on binge-eating and food addiction respectively. Binge-eating was significantly associated with the clinical scales of eating disorders, food craving, state anxiety, and emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) as well as food addiction. Food addiction demonstrated the significant effect of food craving, binge-eating, the interaction of obesity and age, and years of education. In conclusion, we found that binge-eating and food addiction are much more frequent in females and obese individuals. Both binge-eating and food addiction commonly involved eating problems (e.g. food craving), but there was difference in mental health and cognitive risk factors. Therefore, it is required to distinguish food addiction from binge-eating and investigate intrinsic and environmental risk factors for each pathology.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.398-406
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate food carving among hemodialysis patients and to identify factors affecting the food carving. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. Data were collected from 129 patients receiving hemodialysis between March 15 and April 15, 2017. Measurement instruments included the general food craving questionnaire trait, the center for epidemiological studies-depression scale, and stress response inventory-modified form. The statistical analysis included t-test, analysis of variance, pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: Mean food craving score was $53.00{\pm}12.36$. Food craving was higher in patients younger than 40 years (F=4.36 p=.006) and having occupation (t=2.18 p=.031). Patients receiving hemodialysis demonstrated higher levels of depression ($21.37{\pm}9.62$) and stress ($39.68{\pm}15.95$). Factors influencing food craving were depression (${\beta}=.52$, p<.001), stress (${\beta}=.65$, p<.001), and age 50~59 years old (${\beta}=-.28$, p=.001) and 60~69 years old (${\beta}=-.19$, p=.026), which accounted for 25.6% of total variance. Conclusion: Food craving among hemodialysis patients was influenced by patients' depression, stress and age. Assessment and management of depression and stress needs to be incorporated as a nursing strategy for dietary management for hemodialysis patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.393-403
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• 2022

This study tried to derive implications by analyzing the literature related to food psychology to understand the psychological and emotional influence of food. The results of an exploratory study on food psychology are as follows. First, it was found that the perception of taste is related to an individual's state of mind. Second, as the theories for understanding the psychological aspects of food intake, the eating inhibition theory, the emotion regulation theory, and the escape model for binge eating based on the narcissistic theory were confirmed. Third, it was found that tools that can measure symptoms related to binge eating occupy a large portion of food-related diagnostic tools. Fourth, research on food-related psychological disorders was conducted on food cravings, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, eating inhibition, and healthy food obsession. Fifth, it was found that studies related to the treatment of food-related psychological disorders were focused on the cognitive behavioral therapy approach. This study will serve as a basis for understanding and intervening in the emotional impact of food and psychological problems related to food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to measure the influence of premenstrual syndrome coping strategies and food cravings on premenstrual syndrome symptoms among female college students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done with the participation of 509 female college students in D city. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The average scores for PMS coping mechanisms, food cravings, and premenstrual syndrome symptoms were 1.58, 2.32, and 2.82, respectively. There were significant differences in PMS symptoms according to food, menarcheal age, menstrual amount, menstrual pain and whether their mother or sister has dysmenorrhea. The factors influencing premenstrual syndrome symptoms of female college students were identified as avoidance (β=-.16, p<.001), menstrual cycle specific (β=-.11, p=.013), and cognitive restraint on eating (β=.13, p=.026). This factor explained 35% of female college students' premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate stress coping measures for the subjects.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2011

Objectives In the current study, we quantitatively estimated changes in appetite and eating behavior of bipolar disorder patients during the pharmacotherapy. We also investigated their contribution to the weight gain and their association with specific food-craving characteristics of the patients. Methods Subjects included forty-one bipolar disorder patients and fifty-six controls. Currently sustained natures of food craving were assessed using the General-Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (G-FCQ-T) and changes in appetite and eating behavior were measured using the Drug-Related Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DR-EBQ). Results Compared to the control group, the patients' group showed significantly higher body mass index (t=2.028, p=0.045). The patients' group had significantly higher 'Preoccupation with food' factor score of G-FCQ-T (p=0.016) than that of the control group. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that only 'preoccupation with food' factor independently predicted psychotropic medication-induced appetite change. Conclusions Appetite change while receiving psychotropic medication seems to be related to the weight-gain and associated with craving natures of 'preoccupation with food' in bipolar disorder. Appetite and/or eating behavioral changes measured by G-FCQ-T and DR-EBQ could be regarded as an important mediating factor in future studies exploring biological mechanisms of weight gain related with pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2007

Premenstural dysphoric disorder(PMDD) imposing 4-5% of women is possibly caused by an enhanced responsiveness to the changes of sex steroid hormones and the decrease of serotonin, melatonin and GABA. The common clinical features between PMDD and depression, seasonal affective disorder, panic disorder and anorexia nervosa suggest a relatedness between PMDD and each of them. The diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV-Tr for PMDD requires psychological symptoms, that commonly include irritability, anger, depression, mood swing, affect lability, tension, anxiety, fatigue and food craving. As of today, the best pharmacological treatment for PMDD is the selective serotonin reuptake inhibiter, and leuprolide, danazol, estradiol, spironolactone and bromocriptine are possible alternatives. Nonpharmacological treatments for patients with mild to moderate symptom severity are diet, exercise, light therapy, psychotherapy and keeping a diary.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.219-224
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• 2004

Purpose: Through a survey on an Internet homepage, we conducted research concerning the need of patients and their families for information on gastric cancer. We also assessed their interest in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 619 inquiries presented from June 2002 to September 2003 and 524 replies submitted to a questionnaire survey delivered by the Internet homepage (www.gastriccancer.co.kr) from August to October 2003 to gastric cancer patients and their families. Results: Analysis of Inquiries: The classified inquiries listed in order of frequency are as follows: treatment, prognosis, stages, symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, favorable food, etiology, follow-up, etc. Among the inquiries about treatment, the most frequent subgroup was about the scope of surgery or perioperative implications. Next came questions concerning chemotherapy. Among the questions from patients yet to be operated, on those about operability and the prognosis were most frequent. Among the patients who had undergone a resection, questions on complications and the corresponding prognosis were most frequent. The concern from patients with inoperable or recurrent cancers was related to terminal care and/or chemotherapy. Analysis of Questionnaires: The respondents acquired information on gastric cancer from the Internet ($40\%$), doctors ($32\%$), the mass media ($15\%$) and acquaintances ($13\%$). Only $6\%$ of the respondents were sufficiently satisfied with the information provided by doctors. Among the respondents, $89.9\%$ were interested in complementing treatment with folk remedies while only $5\%$ were not. Conclusion: Patients and their families were eager to get information about gastric cancer. However, many of them found the doctors' information to be insufficient. Our suggestion is that the public health, academic societies, medical institutions, and public organizations should endeavor to provide through an activated Internet network correct information on gastric cancer. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2004;4:219-224)