• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.573-597
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• 2016

Recent fMRI and EEG research for neural representations of action concepts insist that processing of action concepts evoke the simulation of sensory-motor information. Moreover, there are several behavioral studies showing that understanding of action verbs or sentences describing actions interfere or facilitate current action performance. However, it is unclear that online interaction between processing of action concepts and current action is based on the simulation of sensory-motor information, or other neural mechanisms. The present research aims to explore the underlying neural mechanism that how the perception of action language influence the performance of current action using high-spacial temporal resolution EEG and multiple source analysis techniques. For this, participants were asked to perform a cued-motor reaction task in which button-pressing hand action and pedal-stepping foot action were required according to the color of the cue, and we presented auditorily action verbs describing the responding actions (i.e., /press/, /step/, /stop/) just before the color cue and examined the interaction effect from the semantic congruency between the action verbs and the current action. Behavioral results revealed consistently a facilitatory effect when action verbs and responding actions were semantically congruent in both button-pressing and pedal-stepping actions, and an inhibitory effect when semantically incongruent in the button-pressing action condition. In the results of EEG source waveform analysis, the semantic congruency effects between action verbs and the responding actions were observed in the Wernicke's area during the perception of action verbs, in the anterior cingulate gyrus and the supplementary motor area (SMA) at the time when the motor-cue was presented, and in the SMA and primary motor cortex (M1) during action execution stage. Based on the current findings, we argue that perceived action verbs evoke the facilitation/inhibition effect by influencing the expectation and preparation stage of following actions rather than the directly activating the particular motor cortex. Finally we discussed the implication on the neural representation of action concepts and methodological limitations of the current research.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.70-81
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• 2020

Living in the modern world, we can easily access large marts and outlets, and live convenient mobile shopping and same-day and early morning shipping. It is called 'shopping addiction' when the purpose of such shopping is not to be attributed to the original purpose of the goods, but to be purchased by an irresistible impulse. According to past studies, 5.8% of American adults and 15.5% of Korean college students were found to be purchase poisoning[3]. The study identified the relationship between interpersonal anxiety, public-consciousness and self-control among the various factors leading to purchase addiction and confirmed their impact on consumers internal psychology. The study found that although Interpersonal anxiety did not directly affect purchasing addiction, it was influenced by self-control and public-consciousness that increased the tendency to purchase addiction. The results of the group comparison between men and women showed that the self-control of men and the public-consciousness of women has increased their purchasing addiction. Such differences in psychology between men and women suggested related implications, such as the need to apply purchase addiction prevention management and treatment methods differently.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.315-327
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• 2017

This study was carried out to examine the converging factors related to academic burnout in students from health-related majors who are involved in studying for the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC). Research subjects included 291 randomly selected students from the J-region, who were enrolled in TOEIC classes. Data collection took place from April 3, 2017 to April 14, 2017, using anonymous self-administered questionnaires. The results of a multiple regression analysis in female students showed higher academic burnout pertaining to studying for the TOEIC when sleeping hours, self-worth, self-efficacy, school adaptation resilience, and study immersion were low, and job-seeking stress and test anxiety were high. The explanatory power of this model was 65%. Based on these results, to reduce academic burnout pertaining to studying for the TOEIC in health majors, it is first necessary to increase sleeping hours, self-worth, self-efficacy, school adaptation resilience, and study immersion, and to make efforts to manage self-competence, job-seeking stress, and test anxiety. The results of this study may be used to decrease the academic burnout caused by studying for the TOEIC in health major students and to increase their aptitude for studying English, to cultivate globalized capabilities. Future studies need to conduct an effect analysis on the control and mediation effect that these factors have on academic burnout.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.225-237
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• 2016

This study is to investigate actual condition of passenger terminals, public facilities which are used by unspecified individuals, with high spread effect of certification system of Barrier Free introduced in 2007, evaluate possibility of the certification and prepare an effective way for certification in order to spread and settle the certification system. According to the investigation on the facilities' equipment level of 349 passenger terminals, which being nationally operated, 217 terminals could be certified and non-certified were 58. And, 29 was evaluated as the passenger terminals with high possibility to get Barrier Free certification by small scale of remodeling. The level of Barrier Free of investigated passenger terminals, according to the actual condition with certification index, were 40~55 percent. While the level of Barrier Free of internal facilities of the terminals was over 90percent, the level of sanitary facilities, information facilities, etc. fell short of 50 percents. In this study, pilot project of Barrier Free certification is proposed for enhance of passenger terminal facilities. Moreover, the selection of passenger terminals with high possibility of certification, local governments' strong will as the targets of pilot project for improvement of amenity level and Barrier Free certification and monitoring the project results are the way of the project.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.151-178
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• 2016

The primary goal of the current study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between household income, main caregiver depression, and youth aggression from the interactionist perspective. The data were derived by combining the 2006, 2009 and 2012 survey waves from the Korean Welfare Panel Study. This data set covered the full span of adolescence from elementary to high school. The study utilized 561 families as the final sample and conducted autoregressive cross-lagged analysis. As a result, the early income status, main caregiver depression and youth aggression were likely maintained over time. Second, the results provided support for a reciprocal relationship between income and main caregiver depression. On the other hand, the reciprocal relationship between main caregiver depression and youth aggression was not found in the current study. Finally, the mediating effect of main caregiver depression between income and youth aggression was not found in the present study. In conclusion, the results of this study support the interactionist model in that the association between family income and main caregiver depression involves reciprocity and mutual influence across time. These findings have major implications for policy and interventions in regards to low-income families.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2022

This study analyzed the effect of internal audit on the performance of the IATF 16949 automotive quality management system to understand the internal audit of companies and propose measures to activate the company's internal audit process. It was identified with the empirical analysis that 'The internal auditor competence, internal audit planning, internal audit implementation, infrastructure, culture/environment, and CEO support' to characterize IATF 16949 internal audit of automotive quality management system affects the internal performance and business performance of the company. In addition, I checked the size of the company and the period of certification period as moderating variables according to the sales based on the presented as factors that can improve the performance of the company, and how the moderating effects are seen in the relationship with the performance of the organization. I did analysis of technical statistics, exploratory factors, reliability, and multi-regression analysis with SPSS program. I summarized the results of the study, as a result of that, it was found that the internal audit planning, internal audit implementation, culture/ environment, and CEO support of independent variables affected the parameter and dependent variables (the internal performance and management performance of companies).

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-36
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• 2020

This study is to reveal the acceptance factors of the Market Sentiment Index (MSI) created by reflecting the investor sentiment extracted by processing unstructured big data. The research model was established by exploring exogenous variables based on the rational behavior theory and applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The acceptance of MSI provided to investors in the stock market was found to be influenced by the exogenous variables presented in this study. The results of causal analysis are as follows. First, self-efficacy, investment opportunities, Innovativeness, and perceived cost significantly affect perceived ease of use. Second, Diversity of services and perceived benefits have a statistically significant impact on perceived usefulness. Third, Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have a statistically significant effect on attitude to use. Fourth, Attitude to use statistically significantly influences the intention to use, and the investment opportunities as an independent variable affects the intention to use. Fifth, the intention to use statistically significantly affects the final dependent variable, the intention to use continuously. The mediating effect between the independent and dependent variables of the research model is as follows. First, The indirect effect on the causal route from diversity of services to continuous use intention was 0.1491, which was statistically significant at the significance level of 1%. Second, The indirect effect on the causal route from perceived benefit to continuous use intention was 0.1281, which was statistically significant at the significance level of 1%. The results of the multi-group analysis are as follows. First, for groups with and without stock investment experience, multi-group analysis was not possible because the measurement uniformity between the two groups was not secured. Second, the analysis result of the difference in the effect of independent variables of male and female groups on the intention to use continuously, where measurement uniformity was secured between the two groups, In the causal route from usage attitude to usage intention, women are higher than men. And in the causal route from use intention to continuous use intention, males were very high and showed statistically significant difference at significance level 5%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.500-508
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• 2024

Recently, there has been increasing interest in enhancing the indoor air quality, particularly in response to the growing utilization of public facilities. The focus of this study was on assessing the efficacy and safety of an air sterilizer equipped with electrolytic salt catalysts. To that end, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the vapor spraying from the air sterilizer and its cytotoxicity in condensed form on human cell lines (HaCaT, BEAS-2B, and THP-1). Against the test organisms, which comprised five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans), the air sterilizer exhibited relatively high antimicrobial activities ranging from 10.89 to 73.98% following 1 and 3 hr of vapor spraying, which were notably time-dependent. Importantly, cytotoxicity assessments on human cells indicated no significant harmful effect even at a 1.0% concentration. Comprehensive safety evaluations included morphological observations, gene expression (Bcl-2, Bax) tests, and FACS analysis of intracellular ROS levels. Consistent with previous cytotoxicity findings, these estimates demonstrated no significant changes, highlighting the air sterilizer's safety and antimicrobial activities. In a simulated 20-hr operation within an indoor environment, the air sterilizer not only showed an 89.4% removal of total bacteria but also a 100.0% removal of Escherichia sp. and fungi. This research outlines the potential of the developed electrolytic salt catalyst air sterilizer to effectively remove indoor microbial pollutants without compromising human safety, underscoring the solution that it offers for improving indoor air quality.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.233-244
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to improve awareness of network marketing business in South Korea, which takes a quite negative view of network marketing, to raise awareness of "starting up a business" as independent business owners, to assist them in building their own subjecthood in network business and entrepreneurial identity, and ultimately to give some suggestions on how to improve their self-directed entrepreneurial competency and the quality of their business management. To make an empirical analysis of 121 independent business owners of Korean native network marketing, the personal and background variables of the entrepreneurs were selected as independent variables, and entrepreneurship was selected as a mediator variable. The selected dependent variables were financial and non-financial business performances. A multiple regression analysis was conducted by inputting the variables. The findings of the study were as follows: It produced an effect of more financial performance when the innovation of the independent business owners of network marketing was better, and this innovation was possible to have only when they improved in entrepreneurial efficacy and locus of control. In contrast, only authenticity had an effect on boosting non-financial business performance among the factors of entrepreneurship. To have authenticity, it's necessary to strengthen achievement needs and awareness of locus of control among the personal characteristics of the independent business owners of network marketing. Among the factors of entrepreneurship, there was better authenticity when their personal networks were broader among their background characteristics. In addition, self-efficacy that was one of personal characteristics made a direct contribution to the enhancement of non-financial performance. As a result, independent business owners of network marketing are required to hold a strong belief in their own business, to be active in business activities and to have a high efficacy as spontaneous principal agents, and they also are required to have more adventurous, planned, active and propulsive achievement needs that enable them to attain the goals of their business and keep moving forward. Besides, they should foster their locus-of-control competency that is to control, endure and be responsible for a variety of phenomena or incidents that they face, and there will be better financial performance or non-financial performance only when they demonstrate their self-belief and confidence and when they have faith in and conviction about themselves. For independent business owners of network marketing, a consumer-centered thinking that entails authenticity and trustworthiness and touches the hearts of customers is a more effective marketing strategy than an egocentric thinking as sellers when they approach customers. And they are expected to make progress in terms of the quality of business management when their business attachment or enthusiasm is great enough to match their own efficacy with entrepreneurial identity or strike a balance between them.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of stress and personality on sleep patterns, and further, to identify potential correlations between stress and personality characteristics. Methods: A total of 174 healthy college students were subjects for this study. Participants filled out the Daily Stress Inventory before sleep and the Modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index after sleep on three consecutive days. They also filled out the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16-PF), BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) and STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Results: Minor stresses highly correlated with subjective sleep quality and symptoms of non-restorative sleep. However, total sleep time, sleep latency, awakening frequency, and frequency of dreams were not explained by stress scores. The O (guilty feeling), C (low ego strength) and Q4 (high anxiety) factors of the 16-PF also highly correlated with symptoms of non-restorative sleep and significantly affected sleep patterns. BDI and STAI scores also correlated with the above personality factors and minor stresses. Conclusion: This study showed that minor stresses impaired the restorative effects of sleep. Personality characteristics such as low ego strength, high levels of anxiety, and feelings of guilt were vulnerable to minor stresses. Minor stress, various personality characteristics, different coping patterns, and emotional response are highly correlated with each other and affect sleep patterns.