Appraisal is a basic archival function that analyzes values of records and determines the eventual disposal of records based upon their archival values. In Korea, this appraisal concept introduces in earnest through Public Records and Archives Act(PRA, 공공기관의 기록물관리에관한법률) with which Korean record management systems settle inflexibly. In theoreical and methodological area, therefore, it is necessary to analyze appraisal system in this Act with it in archival science. In PRA Act, appraisal system is founded on the Tables of Transaction for Records Scheduling(TRS, 기록물분류기준표) through which disposal activities of all records are definited in a concrete form. In this system, selection of archival materials which has been recognized as a important function of record center is carried out by record creators and archival institutions; Primary value between semi-currenty and non-currenty are reflected at the same time. In view of values, this appraisal system intends to separate reasonably consideration for continuing utility of achives from current use of records throughout agencies duration. Ultimately, appraisal based upon TRS makes up not separated management course but organic courses reflecting the Continuum of Care. Of course, this appraisal system makes up the deficiency partially. TRS regarded as 'mainboard' of current appraisal system will have to be enacted elaborately. And appraisal strategies of electronic records must set up in detail in PRA Act and TRS. Lastly, arrangement and description concepts immanent in TRS will have to supplement in archival institutions.

Electronic environment affects archival community to a great extent. It redefines virtually every stage of archival management form creation to current and semi-current use, to appraisal, and to preservation of records. Faced with the problems caused by ever increasing electronic records, the community is forced to reconsider traditional concepts, approaches, methodologies, even the basic paradigm embedded in archival theory and practice. The present paper discusses the need to reexamine principles and techniques of archival management in the light of digital environment. It also urges archives and archival institutions, the archival profession, or the archival community at large, to participate in this critical enterprise. Success in this endeavor will, eventually, pave the road toward creating, organizing, providing access to, preserving reliably and authentically electronic records and designing proper system for the societal collective memory in recorded digital information.

Aural archival description has been rarely discussed, although it is one of the important process in managing and using aural archives. Aural archives not being cataloged are difficult to access; moreover they require tools and a lot of time to search appropriate records. This study concerning characteristics of archival description and aural archives analyzed rules for aural archival description in United Kingdom, Canada and United States of America Comparing and analyzing rules, a rules for aural archival description in Korea was proposed and arranged into eight areas modified from seven areas of ISAD(G). This study focused on developing rules for description covering all aspects of aural archives in Korea. The rules for aural archival description will offer a base of Korean Rules for Archival Description and building aural archival databases.

This paper reports the project of arranging archives of Administrative Headquarters of the Jogye Order. It illustrates the whole process of preliminary survey, arrangement, appraisal and description of the archives. One of the distinctive features of the project lies in its focus on practical considerations. In other words, it has avoided blindly following theoretical recommendations made by previous efforts. First step of the project has been to review the current state of the archives through preliminary survey as well as analysis of related regulations. Second step has followed to establish actual process of classifying, appraising, describing, filing and designing storage facility management as well as a computerized archival management system. In this process, every concern has been given to prevent records and archives from physical damage and to ensure their intellectual order kept so that archival information could be re-constructed and usability and efficiency of the records could be secured. Major contributions made by the project can be found in that it has reviewed the volume of administrative archives created and held by Jogye Order and improved the overall efficiency of as well as information sharing among personnel at the Headquarter. The most notable accomplishment could be, however, found in that the project has helped the personnel to rediscover their own history from their records, rather than from their memory. From the theoretical perspective of archival science, the meaning of the project can also be found in that it has provided with the starting point toward establishing organizing methodology for organizational archives including religious archives. Arranging archives of an organization requires archivists to respect theories and principles, but at the same time, adequate attention should be paid to reflect idiosyncratic characteristics of the organization. General methods applicable to a wider range of archives could be derived from the very endeavor. Though impossible in a short period of time, it could be accomplished by accumulating theoretical and practical knowledge and experience.

Let me conclusion the regulation of the archival management organizations and it's development From the 1894(甲午改革) First, the archival management organizations(記錄局, 總務局) had been made in the office of prime ministry(議政府) and each ministry, which had managed the records and archives in the era of 1894. Second, the archival management organizations had been changed by the beginning of cabinet system from the march of 1895. They had been divided into three parts. One(參事官室) had managed the current records Another one(記錄局) had managed the compilation. Third, from the 1896(俄館播遷) to 1904(露日戰爭), the archival management organizations had been returned to old system of the era of 1894. I mean that the records management ministry(文書課) and the one (記錄局) had been reduced to the small office each other. For more effect research, I studied from the archival aspect. So I focused the archival institution (記錄局, 記錄課) and the related regulations(各府各衛門通行規則)in the era of 甲午改革. My conclusion is they had introduced directly from the regulations(各省官制通則) of Japan. And I did find the related regulations of some agencies (內部, 度支部, 宮內府 奎章閣). From the research of these regulations, I concluded these had been introduced directly from the regulations of Japan, too.

Chief Consultant Archives Government Archives & Records Service -table of contents- 1. Introduction 2. Relationship of Historical Studies and Archive 3. Relationship of Archives and Archives 4. Conclusion; Historians, Archives, and Archivists, and Their Roles This essay is mainly written for historians who may have "little or limited experience" in dealing with archives and archivists in their course of historical research. It may sound very ridiculous to say that "historians have little or limited experience" in using archives but it is also true that many Korean historians have depended on various compiled editions of historical materials or personally donated and/or collected materials when they do research, rather than they would visit archives and search for the materials by themselves. This is the main reason for that the public archives in Korea have not served historians well and effectively, and vice versa, that historians have not visited archives sometime with no knowledge of archives, and have not requested opening of archives for their research. It is a simple fact that historian's study depends on the records he/she uses. Without records, there should be no history. Use of archives for historical research is a common thing and a must in modern archives. Records are selected to be preserved in archives for their preservation as well as their future use. Who select the records as archives? Archivists do mostly. Then, what are the criteria for the archivists to chose records as permanent preservable archives? Answers to this fundamental question have been provided by many historians and archivists. The closest answer may be that selecting archivists would be better trained and equipped with historical research and knowledgeable of the major trends in historical research. With his/her own experience of historical research and tracing the trends of historical studies and materials used in the historiography, they could chose better and appropriate records for future use using their prudence and discretion. It also means that historians have had influence on archivists in their selecting archives by providing the theme and context of historical studies of the time. Though not necessarily becoming a historian themselves, selecting or appraising archivists should understand the process of creating the records and should know how they become archives. This is a precondition to become a good archivist. But that's not all. They must know how the archives are used and what archives are used for what purposes. Among many other roles of modern archivists, selecting and describing the archives are the foremost tasks of an archivist. Archivists therefore developed modern methods to select future archives based on functional analysis and records series concept rather than a record file or item as a unit of selection. Historians are users or consumers of the archives held in the archives building or repository. The quality of their study depends on the "quality" of the materials they use. With the help of archivists not to mention of reference service, historians owe much to archivists in having an access to the materials they need, intellectually and physically. Too many closed archives and too long closed archives in the archives repository would benefit neither historians nor archivists. However, archivists can mostly react only to archive requests and demands made by historians for more wide accessibility. Using the FOIA, as in the U.S., or the Information Opening Act, as in case of Korea, historians can promote the use of historical materials as well as promoting accountability and transparence for the benefit to society as whole. In this context, it is vary desirable to establish a close professional relationship between historians and archivists even in the age of information society. At present, historians need more understanding of operation and importance of archives while archives administration need to realize the potential archival demands from research community and civil movement for clean government.