• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the potential health impacts and improve the quality of the free immunization program in Jinju City by maximizing the predicted positive health gains and minimizing the negative health risks. Methods: A steering committee was established in September 2010 to carry out the health impact assessment (HIA) and began the screening and scoping stages. In the appraisal stage, analysis of secondary data, a literature review, case studies, geographic information systems analysis, a questionnaire, and expert consultations were used. The results of the data collection and analyses were discussed during a workshop, after which recommendations were finalized in a written report. Results: Increased access to immunization, comprehensive services provided by physicians, the strengthened role of the public health center in increasing immunization rates and services, and the ripple effect to other neighboring communities were identified as potential positive impacts. On the other hand, the program might be inaccessible to rural regions with no private clinics where there are more at-risk children, vaccine management and quality control at the clinics may be poor, and vaccines may be misused. Recommendations to maximize health gains and minimize risks were separately developed for the public health center and private clinics. Conclusions: The HIA provided an opportunity for stakeholders to comprehensively overview the potential positive and negative impacts of the program before it was implemented. An HIA is a powerful tool that should be used when developing and implementing diverse health-related policies and programs in the community.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2016

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate for effective strategies to improve home exercise program (HEP) adherence in vestibular rehabilitation (VR). Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify effective strategies used to improve HEP adherence of patients in VR. Six databases, Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PUBMED, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to December 31, 2015. The keywords used for search were 'home program', 'home intervention', 'compliance', 'adherence', 'vestibular rehabilitation', 'motion sickness', and 'motion sensitivity'. Results: A total of eight studies were selected to be included in the review. There was 95.2% agreement between the two reviewers who reviewed the studies using a quality assessment tool. The overall inter-rater agreement (${\kappa}$=0.73) showed good agreement between the reviewers. Strong evidence was identified for 3 major categories of effective HEP adherence strategies, 1) providing patient with written summary of HEP; 2) asking patient to maintain a record of HEP and symptoms; and 3) providing tele-rehabilitation in form of email and/or telephone support along with in person treatment sessions. Also, based on strong evidence, computerized technology was not found to be superior to other strategies for improving patients' HEP adherence in VR. Conclusions: The effective strategies for improving HEP in VR include written summary of exercise, maintenance of log of HEP and symptoms and tele-rehabilitation along with in person treatment sessions.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.226-238
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to assess the effects of nutrition label education in children. The students of three randomly selected sixth-grade classes at an elementary school participated, were classified into a control group, an indirect (written message to parents) education group, and a direct (teaching children) education group. Nutrition label education was conducted in the latter two groups but not in the control group. There were no significant differences between pretest and posttest scores for nutrition knowledge or in the dietary attitudes of the control group and indirect education group. Improvements in test scores for nutrition knowledge and dietary attitudes were observed only in the direct education group. There were significant positive changes in the indirect and direct education groups, such as selecting snacks (cookies) by considering the fat content. Moreover, after the lessons, the percentage of children who chose white milk (regular milk, calcium-enriched milk, and low-fat milk) significantly increased in the direct education group. This study suggests that conducting nutrition label education helps children improve their nutrition knowledge and leads to positive changes in dietary attitudes and eating behaviors. In particular, a direct nutrition education method is more effective than an indirect method such as a written message to parents. Therefore, it is suggested that systematic and constant 'nutrition label education' be performed by nutrition teachers in elementary schools to establish healthy eating habits based on choosing nutritious snacks and processed foods.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권12호
• /
• pp.5237-5242
• /
• 2016

Background: Cancer screening rates are lower in Japan than those in western countries. Health professionals publish procancer screening messages on the internet to encourage audiences to undergo cancer screening. However, the information provided is often difficult to read for lay persons. Further, anti-cancer screening activists warn against cancer screening with messages on the Internet. We aimed to assess and compare the readability of pro- and anti-cancer screening online messages in Japan using a measure of readability. Methods: We conducted web searches at the beginning of September 2016 using two major Japanese search engines (Google.jp and Yahoo!.jp). The included websites were classified as "anti", "pro", or "neutral" depending on the claims, and "health professional" or "non-health professional" depending on the writers. Readability was determined using a validated measure of Japanese readability. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA. Results: In the total 159 websites analyzed, anti-cancer screening online messages were generally easier to read than pro-cancer screening online messages, Messages written by health professionals were more difficult to read than those written by non-health professionals. Claim ${\times}$ writer interaction was not significant. Conclusion: When health professionals prepare pro-cancer screening materials for publication online, we recommend they check for readability using readability assessment tools and improve text for easy comprehension when necessary.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.891-899
• /
• 2020

Objective: To assess the diagnostic performance of a deep learning-based algorithm for automated detection of acute and chronic rib fractures on whole-body trauma CT. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified all whole-body trauma CT scans referred from the emergency department of our hospital from January to December 2018 (n = 511). Scans were categorized as positive (n = 159) or negative (n = 352) for rib fractures according to the clinically approved written CT reports, which served as the index test. The bone kernel series (1.5-mm slice thickness) served as an input for a detection prototype algorithm trained to detect both acute and chronic rib fractures based on a deep convolutional neural network. It had previously been trained on an independent sample from eight other institutions (n = 11455). Results: All CTs except one were successfully processed (510/511). The algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 87.4% and specificity of 91.5% on a per-examination level [per CT scan: rib fracture(s): yes/no]. There were 0.16 false-positives per examination (= 81/510). On a per-finding level, there were 587 true-positive findings (sensitivity: 65.7%) and 307 false-negatives. Furthermore, 97 true rib fractures were detected that were not mentioned in the written CT reports. A major factor associated with correct detection was displacement. Conclusion: We found good performance of a deep learning-based prototype algorithm detecting rib fractures on trauma CT on a per-examination level at a low rate of false-positives per case. A potential area for clinical application is its use as a screening tool to avoid false-negative radiology reports.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.82-96
• /
• 2019

Objective: The aims of this study were to provide the basic data for establishing a precautionary management policy and to develop a methodology for selecting a radon management priority target area suitable for the Korean domestic environment. Methods: A suitable mapping method for the domestic environment was derived by conducting a quantitative comparison of predicted values and measured values that were calculated through implementation of two models such as IDW and RBF methods. And a qualitative comparison including the clarity of information transmission of the written radon map was carried out. Results: The predicted and measured values were obtained through the implementation of the spatial analysis models. The IDW method showed the lowest in the calculated mean square error and had a higher correlation coefficient than the other methods. As results of comparing the uncertainty using the jackknife concept and the concept of error distance for comparison of the differences according to the model interpolation method, the sum of the error distances showed a modest increase compared with the RBF method. As a result of qualitatively comparing the information transfer clarity between the radon maps prepared with the predicted values through the model implementation, it was found that the maps plotted using the predicted values by the implementation of the IDW method had greater clarity in terms of highness and lowness of radon concentration per area compared with the maps plotted by other methods. Conclusions: The radon management priority area suggests selecting a metropolitan city including an area with a high radon concentration.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.99-116
• /
• 2001

Testing is a procedure used to measure a sample of behaviour in order to discover how well a seafarer performs, usually in comparison with others, or compared with identified performance criteria. In this context It is important that the test, in whatever form it is being used, yields consistent results by being valid, reliable and practical. Whilst we can only take a sample of a person's knowledge or comprehension about topic in this way, testing methods do provide a more reliable estimate of performance than most other observational techniques; unsystematic or irregular observation being too unreliable. The method of examination has been specified in the provisions of Regulation 12 of the Decree of the ship officers act as followings. Other necessary matters for conducting oral and written examinations have been set out by the Minister. But written examination is too shortage of period and small number of question to cover the qualification of each level and oral test is just simple and namely Traditionally, written examinations have been provided as the only means for determining the acquisition of knowledge by the mariner. Typically, the examination formats have taken the format of either an essay or multiple choice examinations. Essay items, used in the vast majority of subject examination(not in Korea), consisted of three basic types: situational, descriptive and computational. The level of certificate being examined determined the number and mix of the type of essay questions selected. Oral question has again been used by assessors of seafarer in a wide variety of contexts. Also, oral questioning is often used when observation of performance is undertaken to ask why a certain action has been taken, or to be broaden the scope of what has been observed. At end, Each techniques have their own advantage and disadvantage, so we have to choose some or all of the following techniques, depending upon the certificate, qualification or job for which the trainee is aiming. But in high lank, we have to use both of essay type and multiple choice and with enough time of oral test at least 30 minutes. Who would be the assessor? According to the STCW Code Section A-I/6, instructors, supervisor and assessors are appropriately qualified for particular types and levels of training or assessment of competence of seafarers either on board or ashore, as required under the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of this section.

• 한국지리정보학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.52-68
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 지속적인 습지관리를 위해 산지습지인 산들늪을 대상으로 보전가치 평가를 통한 관리권역을 설정하였다. 평가항목은 문헌연구를 토대로 습지식생, 수문환경, 토양환경, 지형환경, 자연성, 위험성의 6개 항목을 선정하였으며, 설문조사를 통해 평가체계를 구축하였다. 평가자료는 국립지리원의 수지치도, 농촌진흥청의 정밀토양도, 고해상도 위성영상을 활용하였으며, 3차에 걸친 현장조사를 통해 실질적인 평가자료를 구축하였다. 평가 체계 및 자료를 토대로 산들늪의 보전가치를 평가하고, 관리권역을 설정한 결과, 절대보전지역은 보전가치가 가장 높은 1등급 지역으로 1.9ha의 면적을 차지하고 있으며, 보전지역은 5.7ha의 면적을 점하는 것으로 분석되었다. 완충지역은 절대보전지역과 보전지역을 둘러싸고 있으며, 면적은 33.7ha를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 보전가치 4등급 지역인 전이지역은 151.2ha로 가장 넓게 분포하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 복구지역은 생태위험지역으로 1.7ha의 면적으로 평가되었다. 이상과 같은 평가체계 및 관리권역 설정은 합리적인 방법을 통해 정량적인 분석이 이루어지기 때문에 지속적인 습지의 보전 및 관리를 위한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 벤처혁신연구
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.51-65
• /
• 2021

공공부문의 인사 관련 정책은 폐쇄적이며 필기시험 위주로 운영이 되어왔으나, 2006년 고위공무원단 도입을 통하여 공무원의 승진과 선발제도에서 역량을 기반으로 하는 평가와 승진, 교육체계가 새로이 도입되었다. 특히 승진과 관련된 역량평가(Assessment Center)를 운영하여 연공서열 중심의 승진제도가 역량을 기준으로 평가받는 계기가 되었다. 역량평가는 현재까지 사용하는 평가방법들 중에서 신뢰성과 타당성이 가장 높은 평가방법으로 알려져 있으며 성과에 대한 예측 타당성도 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 2001년 정부 표준역량 19개 역량모델을 설계하였으며, 2006년 고위공무원단제도의 시행과 함께 역량평가를 실행하였고, 2015년 중앙부처 과장급으로 확대 시행과 2012년 서울시를 시작으로 하여 광역지방자치단체도 간부급 공무원에 대한 역량평가를 도입, 시행하고 있다. 공공부문에서 역량평가의 활용 목적은 주로 3급은 선발, 4급은 배치(보직), 5급은 승진에 초점을 맞춰 운영하고 있다. 하지만 공공부문의 역량평가는 민간부문과 비교하면, 역량평가의 목적, 평가과정, 역량평가 프로그램의 측면에서 차이를 보이고 있다. 역량평가의 목적에서 공공부문은 후보자 선발 승진을 위한 것이며, 민간부문은 경력개발과 육성에 초점을 두고 있다. 따라서 민간부문보다 지속적인 역량개발을 하지 못하고 있으며, 직무를 수행하는 데 있어서 성과를 높이기 위한 목적으로 활용 되지 못하고 있다. 평가항목과 관련해서, 공공부문은 일반적으로 6개 역량에 대하여 5점 만점에 2.5점 이상이면 역량평가를 통과하는 방식으로 제도를 운영하며, 역량의 수준이 어느 정도이며, 부족한 부문은 무엇인지에 대한 피드백이 미흡한데 반하여, 민간부문은 탈락자를 선별보다는 우수자와 적임자를 선별하기 위하여 개인별 평균점수 뿐 아니라 각 개인의 역량별 점수를 중요시 하고 이를 활용하여 보직과 경력개발에 활용한다. 평가자 선발 및 운영과 관련해서는 공공부문은 평가에 있어 공정성에 중점을 두고, 민간부문은 활용성에 중점을 두어 공공부문은 역량평가를 통하여 역량을 개발하고 적재적소에 인적자원을 활용한다는 측면에는 부합하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 공공부문도 역량평가를 통하여 우수자를 파악하고 이들이 동기부여가 될 수 있도록 하는 방안으로 개선하고 정확한 보고서와 개인별 피드백을 통해서 더 우수한 관리자로 성장할 수 있도록 역량평가제도 운영에 변화를 기하여야 한다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.149-163
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the readability and suitability of printed educational materials related to metabolic syndrome in South Korea. Methods: Data were collected on 15 educational materials on metabolic syndrome from public health centers in Seoul. The 9 Graded Korean Vocabulary Classification and Korean version of SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials) were used for the readability evaluation and the suitability evaluation respectively. Results: Overall average of the readability was 3.0th grade level. The percentage of 1st to 4th grade words was 79.4%. The printed educational materials on metabolic syndrome were written according to recommended reading levels. In suitability assessment, 2 out of 15 materials(13.3%) were scored as superior, 12 materials(80.0%) were scored as adequate and only 1 (6.7%) was scored as inadequate. The total average score of suitability was adequate. However, there are limitations in "summary and review" and "context is given first" due to limited writing pages. Conclusion: Readability and suitability of educational materials for metabolic syndrome were evaluated as adequate level. However, future health educational materials should be evaluated for readability via different factors including length of sentences, numbers of sentences, and structure of sentences. In addition, for easier understanding and motivation of readers, materials should use summary & review, context and proper interaction.