• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2003

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 정상 환자와 습관성 유산 질환 환자에서 유래된 융모막 조직 내에서의 면역억제유전자들의 발현 양상에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 임신 6주와 8주의 습관성 유산 질환 환자와 정상 환자로부터 융모막 조직을 채취하였다 (Normal N=6; RSA N=6). 면역조직화학적 분석을 통해서 조직을 관찰하고 세포가 살아있음을 확인한 후에, 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응을 통해서 면역억제유전자인 placenta protein 14 (PP14), indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) 그리고 mucin1 (MUC1) 유전자의 발현 정도를 비교하였다. GAPDH 발현에 기준한 면역억제유전자 발현을 정량 분석하여 Student's t-test를 시행하였고, p<0.05를 유의성이 있는 것으로 판정하였다. 결 과: 습관성 유산 질환 환자의 경우, 임신 6주와 8주의 융모막 조직에서의 면역억제유전자 (PP14, IDO, MUC1) 발현이 현저하게 낮은 양상을 보이고 있었다. 습관성 유산과 면역억제유전자의 발현이 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 연관성을 가지고 있다는 것이 확인되었다. 결 론: 면역억제유전자 (PP14, IDO, MUC1)의 발현이 습관성 유산 질환 환자에서 특이적으로 낮게 나타나는 것으로 보아 습관성 유산 질환의 진단과 치료 연구 방안에 이 유전자들의 발현이 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in patients with a poor ovarian response who used methyltestosterone, versus those using a placebo, in an infertility clinic setting. Methods: This clinical trial included 120 women who had undergone IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection due to poor ovarian reserve and infertility. The study took place at the Yas Infertility Center in Tehran, Iran, between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2019. In the intervention group, 25 mg of methyltestosterone was administered daily for 2 months prior to the initiation of assisted reproductive treatment. The control group was given placebo tablets for the same duration before starting their cycle. Each group was randomly assigned 60 patients. All analyses were performed using SPSS ver. 23 (IBM Corp.). Results: The endometrial thickness in the intervention group was 7.57±1.22 mm, whereas in the control group, it was 7.11±1.02 (p=0.028). The gonadotropin number was significantly higher in the control group (64.7±13.48 vs. 57.9±9.25, p=0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the antral follicular count. The chemical and clinical pregnancy rates in the intervention group were 18.33% and 15% respectively, compared to 8.33% and 6.67% in the control group. The rate of definitive pregnancy was marginally higher in the intervention group (13.3% vs. 3.3%, p=0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that pretreatment with methyltestosterone significantly increases endometrium thickness and is associated with an increase in the definitive pregnancy rate.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2001

A phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of mothers pregnant via in vitro fertilization (IVF). Sample of nine mothers participated. Ten theme clusters emerged when the formulated meanings were organized into categories. During the infertility period, the participants were subject to self- depreciation, envy, anxiety, and depression. It changed their priorities in life from a job-oriented life to one where having a baby was the most important thing. After trying numerous alternative therapies, IVF became their last hope in having a baby. Since the success rate for IVF is low (only 20-30%), the participants for the treatment were overwhelmed with uncertainty, and it led to further anxiety, depression and despair. Success of pregnancy gave them extreme satisfaction, but they became very cautious in their day-to-day life because of their fear of abortion and early delivery. Some were even worried about the side effect of IVF during the pregnancy. Finally, the delivery of the baby gave them relief from the obligation of having a baby. Women did not have any difficulties in rearing a "test tube baby" except in the case of twins. Most women had no ethical difficulty in having a baby by IVF. However they did not wish this information to be revealed to other people. They again turned to IVF to have a son(s) when the resultory child(s) was a daughter(s). This is because of the strong preference for sons in Korean society.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.260-266
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• 1985

Pregancy is a part of women's life and is common process experienced by most women. On the other hand, a few cannot be pregnant. There are many reasons of infertility and myoma uteri of pelvic mass is a rare reason of infertility. Complication of pregnancy accompanied with myoma uteri is largely affected by the size or location of mass and the incidence by myoma uteri in pregnancy rarely happened, but mass with long pedunculus causes torsion as uterus is getting bigger. In labor myoma uteri causes the abnormal condition of fetal presentation and results in the abnormal childbirth. In case of myoma uteri, maternal mortality is low and there by medical hazards also decrease, but as the life insurance medical is the extensive prediction science, we believe that the prediction of perinatal or the condition of afterbirth by knowing the location, size of myoma uteri contributes to the medical examination. We experienced one case of Elderly primigravida with myoma uteri in Med Dept of Dae Han Kyouk life Insurance Co. Ltd. which the insured with medical examination believe herself as menopause. So we report the observations with studies.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2023

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report that herbal medicine administration has a pregnancy effect on infertility with both male and female factors. Methods : Jogyeongjongok-tang and Cheongshimyeonja-eum were administered to infertile couples who had no experience of pregnancy before and after marriage and who were diagnosed with right peritubal adhesion and teratospermia on examination. Herbal prescriptions were administered 30 minutes after meals, twice a day for 6 months. Result : A gestational sac was observed on ultrasonography 6 months after administration of herbal medicine prescription. Conclution : Jogyeongjongok-tang and Cheongsimyeonja-eum have been shown to have the effect of leading to pregnancy without harming infertile women, men and fetuses, so they are effective in women and men with peritubal adhesion and teratospermia. It shows that it is a prescription that can be used in parallel with infertility.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.77-85
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• 2015

One of the key factors of early development is the specification of competence between the oocyte and the sperm, which occurs during gametogenesis. However, the starting point, growth, and maturation for acquiring competence during spermatogenesis and oogenesis in mammals are very different. Spermatogenesis includes spermiogenesis, but such a metamorphosis is not observed during oogenesis. Glycosylation, a ubiquitous modification, is a preliminary requisite for distribution of the structural and functional components of spermatids for metamorphosis. In addition, glycosylation using epididymal or female genital secretory glycans is an important process for the sperm maturation, the acquisition of the potential for fertilization, and the acceleration of early embryo development. However, nonemzymatic unexpected covalent bonding of a carbohydrate and malglycosylation can result in falling fertility rates as shown in the diabetic male. So far, glycosylation during spermatogenesis and the dynamics of the plasma membrane in the process of capacitation and fertilization have been evaluated, and a powerful role of glycosylation in spermatogenesis and early development is also suggested by structural bioinformatics, functional genomics, and functional proteomics. Further understanding of glycosylation is needed to provide a better understanding of fertilization and embryo development and for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for infertility.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.55-59
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• 2013

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing diverse progressive symptoms such as infertility, pelvic pain, and dysmenorrhea. Although endometriosis has been described since the 1800s, the mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis and progression remain poorly understood. It is well established that endometriosis grows and regresses in an estrogen-dependent fashion and the disease can be effectively cured by definitive surgery. However, prolonged medical therapy may be needed in most of the cases since conservative surgery is usually performed especially in young women. This treatment modality is often associated with only partial relief and/or recurrence of the disease. In the present review, up-to-date findings on the treatment of endometriosis will be briefly summarized. The outcomes of surgery in patients with endometriosis will be reviewed in terms of pelvic pain relief as well as infertility treatment largely based on recent Cochrane reviews and clinical reports. The efficacy of newer drugs including aromatase inhibitor, anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and dienogest will be also reviewed based on recent clinical studies.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2022

Objective: Y chromosome microdeletions are the second most common genetic cause of male infertility after Klinefelter syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of Y chromosome microdeletions among infertile Mongolian men. Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 75 infertile men from February 2017 to December 2018. Y chromosome microdeletions were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Semen parameters, hormonal levels, and testis biopsy samples were examined. Results: Among 75 infertile men, two cases of Y chromosome microdeletions were identified. The first case had an AZFa complete deletion and the other had an AZFc partial deletion. This study found that the proportion of Y chromosome microdeletions among infertile Mongolian men was 2.66%. Conclusion: The findings can be applied to in vitro fertilization and assisted reproductive technology, and our results will help clinicians improve treatment management for infertile Mongolian couples.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

Objective: To examine determinants of successful pregnancy and evaluate COH-IVF outcomes of infertile patients after conservative surgical treatment of borderline ovarian tumor (BOT). Methods: In women of BOT (n=93), from January 1995 to December 1999, 44 of 93 women underwent conservative surgical treatment. From theses 44 women, patients characteristics, surgical and histological parameters were compared between 14 women who conceived and 30 women who failed to conceive. For 5 infertile women of 30 women who failed to conceive, 10 attempt IVF cycles were analysed; clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), implantation rate (IR) and live birth rate (LBR). Results: Women who conceived tend to be younger (25.9 vs 27.0 years) and lower serum CA-125 level (59.7 vs 72.9) compared to women who failed to conceive without significant difference. For 8 cycles out of 10 attempt IVF cycles, except for 2 cancellation cycles, the mean number of oocytes retrieved was 5.6 (range 2$\sim$16) with a mean fertilization rate of 74.4%. The CPR, IR and LBR per embryo transfer were 50.0% (4/8 cycles), 31.6% (6/19) and 50.0% (4/8 cycles) respectively. During the mean follow-up period after COH-IVF initiation, 29.6 (range 14$\sim$61) months, no recurrence was found. Conclusion: No determinant of successful pregnancy was found after conservative treatment for BOT. COH-IVF may be considered for infertile patients after conservative treatment of BOT. However, larger clinical studies with longer follow-up are necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of COH-IVF. All patients should be informed of the potential risks associated with ovarian hyperstimulation and close follow-up is necessary after COH-IVF.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.210-214
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• 2022

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has received a considerable attention as an adjunct to fertility treatments, especially in women with very low ovarian reserve and premature ovarian insufficiency. Although recent studies have demonstrated that PRP led to improvements in folliculogenesis and biomarkers of ovarian reserve, the effect of intraovarian PRP administration on embryo genetics has not been studied. Methods: We report a pilot study of patients who had preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) before and then within 3 months following PRP administration. Twelve infertile women with at least one prior failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle underwent ovarian stimulation (cycle 1) with a gentle stimulation protocol and PGT-A performed at the blastocyst stage. Following cycle 1, autologous intraovarian PRP administration was performed. Within 3 months following PRP administration, the patients underwent cycle 2 and produced blastocysts for PGT-A. The percentage of euploid embryos between both cycles was compared. Results: The mean age of all participants was 40.08±1.46 years, and their mean body mass index was 26.18±1.18 kg/m². The number of good-quality embryos formed at the blastocyst stage was similar between cycle 1 and cycle 2 (3.08±0.88 vs. 2.17±0.49, respectively; p=0.11). Among all patients in cycle 1, 3 of 37 embryos were euploid (8.11%) while in cycle 2, 11 out of 28 embryos were euploid (39.28%, p=0.002). Three clinical pregnancies were noted among this patient group. Conclusion: This novel study is the first to present an improvement in the embryo euploidy rate following intraovarian PRP application in infertile women with prior failed IVF cycles. The growth factors present in PRP may exhibit a local paracrine effect that could improve meiotic aberrations in human oocytes and thus improve euploidy rates. Whether PRP improves live birth rates and lowers miscarriage rates remains to be determined in large trials.