• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.738-747
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• 2000

In this paper it is shown that the meander line at the low frequency can be thought as the single transmission line whose characteristic impedance is approximately equal to that without coupling. But the length is contracted from that without coupling. The approximate contraction ratio is derived for weak coupling and is compared with the circuit simulation results and the EM simulation results. The formula are in good agreement with the simulation results in weak coupling.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

We defined Cantor dimensions of a perturbed Cantor set, and investigated a relation between these dimensions and Hausdorff and packing dimensions of a perturbed Cantor set. In this paper, we introduce another expressions of the Cantor dimensions. Using these, we study some informations which can be derived from power equations induced from contraction ratios of a perturbed Cantor set to give its Hausdorff or packing dimension. This application to a deranged Cantor set gives us an estimation of its Hausdorff and packing dimensions, which is a generalization of the Cantor dimension theorem.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.269-274
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• 2004

We investigate a deranged Cantor set (a generalized Cantor set) using the similar method to find the dimensions of cookie-cutter repeller. That is, we will use a Gibbs measure which is a weak limit of a subsequence of discrete Borel measures to find the dimensions. The deranged Cantor set that will be considered is a generalized form of a perturbed Cantor set (a variation of the symmetric Cantor set) and a cookie-cutter repeller.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2005

In this paper the concept of semi-compatibility has been introduced in Menger space and it has been applied to prove results on existence of unique common fixed point of four self maps satisfying an implicit relation. It results in a generalization of Banach contraction principle established by Sehgal and Bharucha-Reid in [8] All the result presented in this paper are new.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 2013

In this paper, we introduce an iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of solutions of a generalized equilibrium problem and the set of common fixed points of a finite family of asymptotically ${\kappa}$-strict pseudo-contractions in Hilbert spaces. Weak and strong convergence theorems are established for the iterative scheme.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 1991

The effects of noradrenaline on the spontaneous contraction recorded from a strip of mucosa-free antral circular muscle were studied in the guinea-pig stomach, and the changes in slow waves and membrane resistance were analyzed in order to elucidate the mechanism for the excitatory response to noradrenaline. Electrical responses of circular muscle cells were recorded using glass microelectrodes filled with 3 M KCI. Electrotonic potentials were produced to estimate membrane resistance by the partition stimulating method. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with 100% $O_2$ and kept at $35^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The spontaneous contractions were potentiated dose-dependently by the application of noradrenaline. 2) Through the experiments using adrenoceptor-blockers, the strong excitatory effect via $[\alpha}-adrenoceptors$ and the weak inhibitory efffect via ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$ were noted. 3) Noradrenaline produced hyperpolarization of membrane potential, and increases in the amplitude and the maximum rate of rise of slow waves. 4) In the presence of apamin, Ca-dependent K channel blocker, the characteristic hyperpolarization was not developed. However, the excitatory effect of noradrenaline on spontaneous contraction remained. 5) Membrane resistance was reduced during the hyperpolarized state by the application of noradrenaline, and the change of membrane resistance and the hyperpolarized state were completely abolished by apamin. From the above results, following conclusions could be made: Excitatory responses to noradrenaline result from the dominant ${\alpha}-excitatory$, and the weak ${\beta}-inhibitory$ action of noradrenaline. Hyperpolarization of membrane potential by noradrenaline is due to the activation of Ca-dependent K channel.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2015

Braincomputer interface (BCI) technology is making advances in the field of humancomputer interaction (HCI). To improve the BCI technology, we study the changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for six levels of grip strength: 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 70%, and 80% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The measured EEG data are categorized into three classes: Weak, Medium, and Strong. Features are then extracted using power spectrum analysis and multiclass-common spatial pattern (multiclass-CSP). Feature datasets are classified using a support vector machine (SVM). The accuracy rate is higher for the Strong class than the other classes.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 1984

A ginseng preparation (GP) consisting of ginseng ex., lycium fructus ex., four kinds of vitamines and caffein was evaluated for acute toxicity and general pharmacology. Average lethal doses $(LD_{50})$ of GP in male mice were 2,988mg/kg (i.p.) and more than 3g/kg (p.o.). In dosage of 300 and 900mg/kg (p.o.) showed no analgesic activity in both tests of the writhing method induced by acetic acid and of tail pressure method and no effect on the pentetrazole-induced convulsion. However, it appeared to have a hypothermic action only in dose of 900mg/kg. The duration of hypnosis induced by hexobarbital sodium in mice was shortened by GP, being probably due to caffein. GP Produced no marked contraction of isolated ileum and uterus in high concentrations of up to $1{\pm}10^{-3}g/ml$. These results suggested that GP did not show any considerable central nervous depressant activity and exhibited very weak actue toxicity in mice.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.175-195
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• 2007

The object of this paper is to introduce the notion of semi-compatible maps in fuzzy metric spaces, fuzzy 2-metric spaces and fuzzy 3-metric spaces and to establish three common fixed point theorems for these spaces for four self-maps. These results improve, extend and generalize the results of [16]. As an application, these results have been used to obtain translation and generalization of Grabeic's contraction principle in the new settings. All the result presented in this paper are new.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.742-746
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• 1995

The present study was aimed at investigating possible transmitter mechanisms in the endothelial cell layer in regulating the tone of the vascular smooth muscle. The thoracic aorta was isolated from the anesthetized male white rabbits and its helical strips were prepared. Electrical field stimulation was delivered to platinum wire electrodes positioned parallel to the vessel segment preconstricted with phenylephrine [3.5x10-6 mol/L at a distance of 1.5-2.0 mm. The electrical stimulation [70 V, 5 msec, 0.5-200 Hz caused either relaxation only [34% or a biphasic response [prolonged relaxation following a weak and transient contraction, 66% . The relaxation response was frequency- dependent, and at 200 Hz a complete relaxation was noted. Mechanical rubbing of the endothelial layer abolished or greatly attenuated the relaxation. The relaxation was also markedly attenuated in the presence of NG-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester [10-3mol/L or procaine hydrochloride [3.5x10-4mol/L . Tetrodotoxin,guanethidine, atropine or indomethacin failed to block or enhance the relaxation response to electrical field stimulation. It is concluded that the vascular endothelium in the aorta contains diffusible substances that regulates the function of the smooth muscle layer, in which relaxation is more prominent than contraction. Their release by the electrical stimualtion in vitro may not involve classic neuronal transmitter release mechanisms or metabolism of arachidonic acids by cyclooxygenase. The release of the relaxing agents may require an increase in cytosolic calcium level. The chemical nature of the relaxant may be, to a large extent, nitric oxide.