• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2001

In this study, TiO$_2$, the popular photocatalyst, was used to decompose ethanol. TiO$_2$was prepared by the sol -gel method and coated on pyrex stick. A 15W, UV-A lamp was used as the UV light source and il gas chromatography (HP 5890) was used to confirm the concentrations of ethanol, $CO_2$and the intermediates. Variation of preparation parameters and calcination temperature for TiO$_2$photocatalysts in the sol -gel method caused changes of ethanol decomposition activity. The best ethanol photodecomposition activity was obtained on the sample when prepared with 0.14 mol of HCI, a mol of ethanol and 1.3 mol of TTIP ware mixed in sol-gel process and calcinated at 50$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. Acetaldehyde was detected as an intermediate and decomposed to carbon dioxide and water at the end of the reaction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.578-585
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to investigate effects of alcohol and dietary protein levels on serum lipids and enzyme activities in 15 week-old male rats given a normal diet. Rats were divided into 8 groups : control group (16% protein 16PC) and 8%(8PE) 16%(16PE) and 24% protein groups(24PE) to which was given 5% ethanol mixed into their drinking water after 4 weeks and 10 weeks. Body weight organ weight and various blood components were determined at 4 and 10 weeks. Body weight gain organ weight hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value were not influenced by ethanol and dietary protein levels. The levels of total cholesterol HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid in serum were not affected by ethanol consumption. Serum triglyceride concen-trations after 10 weeks were significnatly increased ethanol-treated group compared with that of control group and the effect was greater in low protein group than control group. Serum ALP activity was significantly higher in 8PE group than other group but there was no influence by ethanol consumption.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.417-421
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• 2011

Because beverage waste contains a lot of sugar, it can be used as a valuable resource for energy. But beverage waste is discharged through the water treatment. To prevent the waste of the energy resource, we produced bioethanol by using beverage waste in this study. In order to produce bioethanol, we added distillers stillage and NaOH for fermentation condition (nutrients and pH adjustment). As a results, ethanol concentration was 5.92 vol%. In contrast, ethanol concentration of blank (not added nutrients) was low and fermentation rate was very slow. Because components of the distillers stillage help the yeast growth, fermentation yield and rate was improved. Finally, we operated distillation and dehydration process by using fermented mash and produced fuel bioethanol (more than 99.5 wt%). We think that this results may provide useful information with application of commercial ethanol production using beverage waste.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1217-1223
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• 2014

This study was attempted to investigate antioxidant activities of water and ethanol extract from Rosa multiflora (RM) by in vitro assays measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-di-2-ethyl-benzthiazoline sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, total phenol and total flavonoid content. The water and ethanol extracts from RM scavenged the DPPH radical and ABTS radical in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration range from 10 to $500{\mu}g/ml$. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of water extract was higher than that of ethanol extract. $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extract were $79.73{\mu}g/ml$ and $145.85{\mu}g/ml$. The reducing power activity of water extract was higher than that of ethanol extract. The nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity of the RM extract was similar to their DPPH radical scavenging activity. $IC_{50}$ of ABTs radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extract was $79.82{\mu}g/ml$ and $159.03{\mu}g/ml$. The reducing power activity of water extract (0.775) was higher than that of ethanol extract (0.568). Total phenolic content of water extract (140.74 mg/g) was higher than that of the ethanol extracts (37.83 mg/g). Total flavonoid content of water extract (45.31 mg/g) was higher than that of the ethanol extracts (42.68 mg/g). This results suggest that water extract of RM may be useful as potential antioxidant sources.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

Objectives : This study aimed at evaluation of the effects of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on brain edema and aquaporin water channel expressions in the brain. Methods : Brain edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type VII in Sprague-Dawley rats. Then ethanol extract of Gastrodiae rhizoma was treated once a day for 3 days. Brain edema % and water contents, and cell size of neurons in the cerebral cortex were examined. Immuno-histochemistry was processed for AQP4, AQP1, and AQP9 expressions in the brain sections and area % of immuno-labeling was analyzed with image analysis. Results : 1. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced brain edema of ICH induced rats significantly. 2. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced excessive brain tissue water contents of ICH induced rats significantly. 3. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced cellular edema of neurons in cerebral cortex of ICH induced rats significantly. 4. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced AQP4 immuno-positive area % in cerebral cortex and external capsule of ICH induced rat brain significantly. 5. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced AQP9 immuno-positive area % in glia limitans externa of ICH induced rat brain significantly. Conclusions : These results suggest that Gastrodiae Rhizoma reveals protective effects against brain edema and cytotoxic edema of neurons by means of down-regulation of AQP4 expression in the brain.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.721-726
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• 2006

Mosquitoes are carriers of malaria and encephalitis. This study performed for eco-friendly control of mosquitos by using genus Acorus. Several solvents were used for the extraction of genus Acorus; water, ethanol, and methanol. Grinded leaves and roots were also included. Acorus extracts killed mosquito larvae and the ethanol extract showed the best result. Autoclaved Acorus water needed long time to kill mosquito larvae. $LT_{50}$ of 1 % Acorus calamus decoction was 13.6 hrs and 1 % autoclaved Acorus water was 53.6 hrs. $LT_{50}$ of 0.05% Acorus calamus rhizome powder was 28.5 hrs. $LT_{50}$ of 0.5% Acorus calamus leaf powder was 10.8 hrs. $LT_{50}$ of 0.1 % Acorus calamus decoction was 63.4 hrs and 0.1 % Acorus calamus ethanol extracts was 48.6 hrs and 0.1% Acorus calamus methanol extracts was 53.9 hrs. $LT_{50}$ of 0.4% Acorus gramineus decoction was 45.5 hrs, 0.4% ethanol extracts was 10.9 hrs, 0.4% methanol extracts was 10.2 hrs. $LT_{50}$ of ethanol extracts was shorter than other extracts. Acorus calamus rhizome powder could be used for the eco-friendly control of the mosquito larvae.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.145-162
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• 2019

This study aimed to increase the sugar and ethanol yield from the mengkuang plant biomass through biological and liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment and their combination. The results showed that biological pretreatments with 5% inoculum of the fungus Trametes versicolor resulted in the highest alpha cellulose content incubated for 30 days, and 10% inoculum resulted in the lowest lignin content. LHW pretreatment decreased the hemicellulose content of pulps from 10.17% to 9.99%. T. versicolor altered the structure of the mengkuang pulp by degrading the lignin and lignocellulose matrix. The resulting delignification and cellulose degradation facilitate the hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars. The alpha cellulose content after biological-LHW pretreatment was higher (78.99%) compared to LHW-biological pretreatment (76.85%). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that biological-LHW combinated treatment degrades the cell wall structures. The ethanol yield for biological-LHW pretreated sample was observed 43.86% (13.11 g/L ethanol by weight of the substrate, which is much higher than that of LHW-biological pretreatment (34.02%; 9.097 g/L). The highest reducing sugar content about 45.10% was observed with a resulting ethanol content of 15.5 g/L at LHW pretreatment temperature of $180^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2012

The influence of different dilution procedures on the properties of oil-in-water (O/W) nano-emulsions obtained by dilution of oil-in-ethanol (O/E) microemulsions with water has been studied. The system water/ethanol/nonionic surfactant/silicone oil with ethanol was chosen as model system. The dilution procedures consisted of adding water (or microemulsion) stepwise. By mixing O/E microemulsions into water, nano-emulsions with droplet diameters of 30 nm were obtained. In contrast, by mixing water into O/E microemulsion, emulsions with diameter of 400 nm were obtained The dilution methods were shown to be a key factor determining the properties of the emulsions. There were no change in diameters of nanoemulsion droplets against time, however sizes of droplets in the emulsion with larger droplets were increased with time and the mechanism of unstability was thought to be Ostwald ripening.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 1983

Separation of fructose from glucose-fructose mixture was studied by utilizing the solubility differences of both sugars in the mixed solvents of water and alcohols with or without the presence of NaCl and $CaCl_2$. Better separation of fructose was obtained in ethanol-water solvent than other solvent-water systems. The addition of NaCl to the ethanol-water solvent system improved the separation factor based on the relative composition of two sugars in the supernatant by twice. The change in feed composition from 50-50 mixture of glucose and fructose resulted in a worse separation factor. It was found in the present studies that the best separation of fructose (fructose 75%, glucose 25%) was achieved when NaCl and ethanol was slowly added to the solution containing 20% water, 40% fructose and 40% glucose to make up the final solution with the parts of ethanol 36 ml, water 4 ml, glucose 8 gm, fructose 8 gm and NaCl 0.25gm.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.341-348
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Torreyae semen extract against antimicrobial and allergic contact dermatitis to explore its utility as a herbal resource. To this end, the antibacterial effects of Torreyae Semend extracted with hot water and ethanol (30%, 60%, 90%) were investigated using Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Propionibacterium acnes. And observed the anti-atopic dermatitis efficacy with a mouse model that allergic contact dermatitis induced by DNCB. Experimental results showed that the antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa was significantly higher in the hot water extract of Torreyae Semen. We observed that the extracts of 30% ethanol and hot water of Torreyae Semen inhibited growth in a concentration-dependent manner in P. acnes & S. epidermidis. We observed that the administration of hot water extracts and 30% ethanol extract of Torreyae Semen significantly reduce the thickness of ear & back and gross skin condition compared to the control group in the mice with allergic contact dermatitis. As a result of H & E histological staining, it was observed that the Torreyae Semen extraction group had markedly reduced epidermis and skin thickness, granules, and keratinization compared to the control group. The groups administrated with Torreyae Semen hot water extracts had decreased TNF-α and IL-10 contents compared with the control group. As a result, Torreyae Semen may be used as a useful herbal resource because it has a certain level of antibacterial and anti-atopic effects.