Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology (한국목재공학회)
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Effect of Biological and Liquid Hot Water Pretreatments on Ethanol Yield from Mengkuang (Pandanus artocarpus Griff)

  • Yanti, Hikma (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University) ;
  • Syafii, Wasrin (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University) ;
  • Wistara, Nyoman J (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University) ;
  • Febrianto, Fauzi (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University) ;
  • Kim, Nam Hun (Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2018.09.28
  • Accepted : 2019.02.12
  • Published : 2019.03.25
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Abstract

This study aimed to increase the sugar and ethanol yield from the mengkuang plant biomass through biological and liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment and their combination. The results showed that biological pretreatments with 5% inoculum of the fungus Trametes versicolor resulted in the highest alpha cellulose content incubated for 30 days, and 10% inoculum resulted in the lowest lignin content. LHW pretreatment decreased the hemicellulose content of pulps from 10.17% to 9.99%. T. versicolor altered the structure of the mengkuang pulp by degrading the lignin and lignocellulose matrix. The resulting delignification and cellulose degradation facilitate the hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars. The alpha cellulose content after biological-LHW pretreatment was higher (78.99%) compared to LHW-biological pretreatment (76.85%). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that biological-LHW combinated treatment degrades the cell wall structures. The ethanol yield for biological-LHW pretreated sample was observed 43.86% (13.11 g/L ethanol by weight of the substrate, which is much higher than that of LHW-biological pretreatment (34.02%; 9.097 g/L). The highest reducing sugar content about 45.10% was observed with a resulting ethanol content of 15.5 g/L at LHW pretreatment temperature of $180^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. FTIR spectra of mengkuang pulp after biological pretreatment.

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Fig. 2. FTIR spectra of mengkuang pulp after LHW pretreatment.

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Fig. 3. FTIR spectra of mengkuang pulp after biological–LHW pretreatment.

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Fig. 4. FTIR spectra of mengkuang pulp after LHW–biological pretreatment.

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Fig. 5. SEM images of mengkuang pulp after biological pretreatment. (a) Control, (b) biological pretreatment with 10% inoculum for 15 days, (c) biological pretreatment with 10% inoculum for 30 days, and (d) biological pretreatment with 10% inoculum for 45 days.

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Fig. 6. SEM images of mengkuang pulp after LHW pretreatment. (a) Control, (b) 140°C for 30 min, (c) 160°C for 30 min, and (d) 180°C for 30 min.

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Fig. 7. SEM images of mengkuang pulp after biological–LHW pretreatment. (a) Control, (b) biological pretreatment with 10% inoculum for 30 days and LHW at 180°C for 20 min, (c) biological pretreatment with 10% inoculum 30 days and LHW at 180°C for 30 min, and (d) biological pretreatment with 10% inoculum for 30 days and LHW at 180°C for 40 min.

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Fig. 8. Reducing sugars resulting from SSF after biological–LHW pretreatment.

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Fig. 9. Reducing sugars resulting from SSF after LHW–biological pretreatment.

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Fig. 10. Ethanol content (EtOH (v/v)% × 10 × 0.789) from SSF after (a) biological–LHW and (b) LHW–biological pretreatments.

Table 1. chemical components of mengkuang pulp after biological pretreatment.

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Table 2. Chemical components of mengkuang pulp after LHW pretreatment.

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Table 3. Chemical components of mengkuang pulp after biological-LHW pretreatment.

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Table 4. Chemical components of mengkuang pulp after LHW- biological pretreatment.

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