• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.611-628
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine influence of home energy cost on housing cost burden of Korean and U.S. monthly renter households in urban areas and to explore influences of household and housing characteristics on their home energy cost burden. Microdata for this research was extracted from the 2011 Korean Household Budget Survey and 2009 American Housing Survey. Monthly renter households in urban areas were initially grouped based on household income, followed by a detailed analysis of housing and home energy cost. Findings are as follows: (1) The maximum ratio of home energy cost to household house hold income in Korea was 49% compared to 83% in the US; (2) Energy cost to income ratio were found to have significant influences on housing cost burden and lower income households' housing cost burden was found more vulnerable to their energy cost; (3) In general, the energy cost burden of low-income renter households in Korea tended to be influenced by household size, the number of household members staying at home during daytime hours and housing unit size. The energy cost burden of low-income renter households in the U.S. tended to be influenced by home structure type, size and age, the householder's age, race, educational attainment, the household size, number of wage earners per household, income, and the number of household members between 7 and 17 years of age.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.79-97
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• 1991

To improve the management of dental laboratory through the research on the actual condition, this study posed questions on 36 dental laboratories. The results are as follows : 1. The establishment of dental laboratory in Chunbuk was increased between in 1980 and 1986. Especially it has been more increased since 1989. According to the proportion of population the number of the dental laboratories in Chunbuk was much more than that of other provinces and took the first place in september 1990. 2. The ratio between the unlicensed dental technician and the licensed was 24.83% and 67.11% each . The former must be replaced by the licensed. And the latter ought to try to improve their culture and technique. 3. Overtime payment must be paid for those who work above eight hours. 4. It takes 5 days at a minimum for the production of dental prosthesis with both stability and esthetics. 5. Every Saturday afternoon, Sunday and national holiday must be free. 6. Bonus must be paid 600% a year at a minimum. The system of retirement allowance should be active. All dental technicians ought to be affliated with their labor union and medica insurance. 7. Such dental restoration as porcelain and crown and bridge prosthesis must by increased to a degree between 30% and 50% at a minimum and the reduction system of charge for a dental technique has to be abolished. 8. The general working conditions of dental laboratory, especially pay and working hour must be improved. 9. To advance the service improvement of dental treatment and the banishment of illegal one, the medical insurance of crown and bridge prosthesis must be generally practised. 10. Ill case of the staff cull:lloyulent of dental laboratory, minimem wage system must be observed. 11. Directing dentist system on the ertablisment of dental laboratory must be abelished or wholly improved.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.95-114
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• 2009

This study compared demographic, economic and career characteristics between a traditional retirement group and a gradual retirement group. From the 2005 Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS), 780 traditional retirees and 265 gradual retirees were selected. A t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were completed. The findings of this study were as follows: First, there are gender and age differences between the traditional retirement group and the gradual retirement group. The gradual retirement group has a high proportion of male workers and older workers compared to the traditional retirement group. Second, members of the traditional retirement group have more income, more assets and less debt than members of the gradual retirement group; therefore, their financial structure is comparatively stable. Third, there is a large percentage of blue-collar workers (e.g., technical service, repair, operatives) in the gradual retirement group. Members of the gradual retirement group had worked for a shorter period during their career and had a lower wage rate than members of the traditional retirement group. Finally, male workers who are in their 60s and 70s, who do not have a public transfer income but have a higher level of career income, and are older when they end their career, are less likely to retire gradually. As they also have a higher level of debt, the probability of these workers selecting a gradual retirement route is high.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.125-147
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• 2001

노동시장의 유연화와 산업구조의 급속한 변화로 노동이동(또는 일자리 상실), 특히 산업간 노동이동이 증대할 것으로 얘상된다. 노동이동(또는 일자리 상실)의 경제적 비용의 하나는 노동자가 축적한 숙련의 상실이다. 노동자가 축적하는 숙련은 일반적 숙련, 기업특수적 숙련뿐만 아니라 산업특수적 숙련의 성격도 가진다. 한국노동패널 1-2차년도 청규직 노동자를 표본으로 하여 검토한 결과, 우리나라 노동자들의 숙련이 산업특수적 숙련을 가지는 것으로 분석되었다. 근속의 임금효과의 상당 부분은 산업특수적 경험을 반영하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 산업특수적 숙련은 노동자 계층별로 차별적으로 나타나고 있다. 고학력 화이트칼라의 경우 일반적 숙련(총노동경력)이 상대적으로 더 중요하고, 저학력 블루칼라의 경우 기업특수적 숙련(근속)이 임금결정에 더 중요하다. 산업특수적 숙련은 상대적으로 고학력 화이트칼라에서 유의미하게 나타났지만, 산업을 3자리로 세분화할 경우 저학력 블루칼라의 경우에도 산업특수적 숙련의 임금효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 일자리 상실의 경제적 비용과 노동시장의 유연화가 숙련 형태별로, 노동자 계층별로 차별적인 의미를 지닐 수 있다는 시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2015

이 연구는 생활임금제가 정책수단으로 어떠한 가치를 가지며, 왜 필요한지를 이해하기 위해 시스템사고 이론을 바탕으로 생활임금제와 경제변수들이 어떠한 상호연계성을 가지고 작동하는가를 분석하였다. 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 생활임금제와 경제변수들의 관계는 상당한 수준에서 밀접한 상호작용을 보이고 있다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 노동자의 생활수준, 소비, 경기, 경제로 이어지는 상호피드백 작용이 긴밀하게 작동하고 있었다. 둘째, 생활임금제와 경제변수들의 피드백 구조는 크게 세 개의 양(+)의 피드백 루프가 작동하고 있었다. 이것은 생활임금제와 관련된 긍정적 경제변수가 성장할 수 있는 가능성을 가진 것으로 해석될 수 있다. 또한 최저임금제가 제 역할을 하지 못했다는 것으로도 이해할 수 있다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 생활임금제는 정책수단으로 충분한 가치를 가지며, 생활임금제가 단순히 공공부문의 적용수준을 넘어 민간부문으로 확대되는 것이 바람직하며, 경제시스템에도 긍정적 변화를 이끌어 낼 수 있다는 교훈을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2005

This study was performed to analysis the operation process when fabric pattern design was done by the use of CAD system compared with the manual work in order to determine the operation efficiency with the application of fabric design CAD system. The results of the study were as follows: 1. since 160,000 colors were supported by CAD system, color proposed by consumer was able to match exactly according to the its design. However, exact color matching was not possible by manual work. 2. Woven state of back of pattern design could be identified simultaneously with face of it for CAD system, while face and back of the fabrics should be designed separatedly in case of manual work. 3. Since the combination of warp and filling yarn was compatible with the fabric density in one repeat unit in CAD system, exact size of pattern design to be woven was able to expressed. 4. Only simple graphical expression by manual work was seen, while with the CAD system, texture and shade effect as well as graphical expression could be expressed and so fault could be reduced in advance with the simulation of actual feeling of fabrics in the screen. In conclusion, when CAD system will be introduced to the textile industry, operation time of designing pattern can be reduced. Since the operation is easy and simple, a beginner can operate CAD system easily. Thus, production and wage costs can be saved and this can be related directly with the improvement of productivity which is the main purpose of introducing CAD system.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

Because of the radical changes in the domestic and foreign economic circumstances Koreaa fisheries is confronted with difficulties. Along the end of the UR marine products of other nations are rushing into Korea. Also migration of labor to other industries and rise of wage level in Korean fisheries deteriorate managerial conditions. But in Korea which has little natural resourses fisheries is still more important. That is \circled1 creating job opportunites \circled2 increase of income \circled3 supply of foodstuffs and animal protein \circled4 acquisition of foreign currency \circled5 enlargement of domestic market for industrial products \circled6 development of other interrelated industries \circled7 rational use of domestic resourses \circled8 diversification of population and production activites \circled9 contribution to balanced growth of national economy by the developing regional economy. These roles of fisheries in national economy mentioned above are to be excuted forward. In spite of the radical change in the economic circumstances at the end of the UR fisheries if crucial in Korea as a industry. For this our fisheries is to be made to compete with foreign fisheries. Through the cheap price and high quality our fisheries must be came to compete with foreign fisheries and meet the people's needs for marine products. For this it is necessary to maintain high productivity and competitive power. Now with the exception of a portion of the deep - sea fishing, our fisheries is generally paltry, Especially inshore fishery which is the main stock in our fisheries is very paltry and so productivity and competetive power are very low. So to develop our fisheries which has s comparative disadvantage active polices that follows below are to be promoted on a large scale. \circled1 improvement of structure \circled2 augmentation of productivity in fishing ground by making fisheries resourses \circled3 enlargement of finantial and monetary assistance \circled4 effective administration of fisheries cooperative union \circled5 activation of R&D etc These polices which need to be scientific and comprehensive are very valuable. Especially without making fishieries resources we cannot expect economy of scale, promotion of productivity and development of fisheries. And we do also endeavour to gather the results of the study and investigation about fisheries domestic and foreign and do ceaselessly put these to practical use systimatically.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제50권
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• pp.157-172
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• 2002

장애인고용에 관한 기존의 연구들에서는 장애인의 학력수준이나 성(性)의 차이에 따라 노동시장에서 각각 다른 특성을 갖는 장애인 집단을 하나의 동일체로 간주하여 논의를 진행하는 경우가 많았다. 하지만 이러한 접근방식은 장애인 노동시장구조에 관한 연구에서 빠트려서는 안될 또 다른 중요한 측면을 간과해 장애인 노동시장내의 집단간 단절과 같은 노동시장내의 구조적 문제해결에는 큰 도움을 주지 못할 우려가 있다. 현실적으로는 한국의 장애인 노동시장은 학력, 성(性), 장애유형 및 장애정도 등과 같은 여러 변수의 특성에 따라 각기 다른 구조적 모습을 나타낸다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 실태에 근거하여 장애인의 고용이나 임금에 관한 접근을 기존 연구들에서와는 달리 노동시장의 단층구조적(斷層構造的) 측면에서 시도하고자 한다. 한국 장애인 노동시장의 단층성에 관한 실증분석을 위해 원 자료(raw data)는 노동부 공단의 "2000년 장애인근로자 실태조사" 결과를 이용하고, 분석기법으로는 MDFA(Multiple Discriminant Function Analysis) 기법을 사용한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.987-1003
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• 2006

Recent economic depression aggravates the difficulty in employment, and it has been expanded to a social issue. Even worse, low wage structure in the textile and fashion industry, and inferior working environment make it difficult for fashion design graduates to stably settle down in society. To tackle all these problems, the demand of a new educational model is on the rise. In responding to such economic and educational environment changes, we can actively cope with structural problems in the textile and fashion field, and a social problem of youth unemployment by vigorously using the Internet as a tool for practice. In other words, Startups are reinvigorated through hands-on education, focused on information by introducing the factor of supply chain management (SCM), which efficiently manages resources within the supply chain, and a business to customer (B2C) model, and by utilizing these for startup education.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제2권
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• pp.42-55
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• 1984

The direction of scientific researches on tree improvement and forest management in several universities and research institutes in Japan can be summarized as follows: They put a great emphasis on sugi, Cryptomeria japonica and cypress, Chamaecyparus oblusa which are two major conifer species largerly planted in the Japanese forestry. In the research of sugi, a great concern has been made in evaluating inheritance of forest tree, quantitative characters and genetic parameter of growth, and in breeding for resistance to diseases and insects and to all the natural calamities. Interaction between environmental conditions and genetic nature of tree can be concerned factors in relation with forest damage, together with silvicultural conditions and pest infestation. Selfing hybrids of $F_1$ made from crossing twisted-leaf sugi, defomity leaf type and midori sugi, normal leaf type segregated the normal needle, twisted needle, green leaf and albino leaf type. It seemed that separation of many defomity individuals can be governed by two dominant complementary genes and from the near loci of which it was detected lethal genes. 52% of Japanese forestry is occupied by the small forest landowners like Korean forestry. This made difficulty for forest improvement such as progressive afforestation and for capital accumulation form forestry. The Forest Corporation was established at first in 1959 to aming at productive forestry structure and forest management, and afforestation. For these purpose, 35 Forest Corporations are at moment operating throughout Japan. However, investment in forestry business becomes less attractive since the wage in forest production duction increased in higher trend. than timber price. Therefore, an artifical afforestation becomes yearly decreased. At present. the self-sufficient rate of timber production in Japan is about 35%, and so a great effort is being made to increase self-sufficient rate of timber production.