• 간호행정학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.431-449
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to contribute to a understanding the philosophical foundation of Parse's and Watson's theory of nursing. Parse's human becoming Research Methodology, Principle and main concepts are based on existential phenomenology. And Watson's theory of human care indicate that the optimal method for studying and inquiring theory of trans-personal caring is phenomenological-existential methodology. The chief theme of this study ist to illuminate how ideas and concepts of existential phenomenology are applied to Parse's and watson's theory of nursing. Content of this Study are summarized as follow; 1. Principles, concepts, theoretical structure of Man-Living-Health theory were investigated in Parse's theory of nursing as Human science. 2. Essential assumptions, chief concepts and methodology of human science and human care were investigated in Watson's theory of trans- personal caring. 3. Phenomenological analysis of "Human being" und poetic thinking of truth were described in the context of the Heidegger's fundamental ontology und existential phenomenology. 4. Meaning of existential subjectivity, freedom and choice war interpreted according to Sartre's existential philosophy 5. Phenomenological analysis of perception und function of body were investigated in the context of Merleauponty's existential phenomenology. 6. Ultimately this study provided how ideas and concepts of existential phenomenology war applied to Parse's und Watson's nursing theory und methodology.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2009

This research is a study of the documentary film entitled "Korean War." My research focuses on the collective trauma and amnesia of the Korean War among the people of the U.S. in an effort to understand ongoing tensions between the U.S. and the two Koreas, both North and South. A study of the film also gives a way to read the hidden meaning of the film through deconstructing the film with Peircian semiotics, and scrutinizing its artistic choices of visual language. This study provides a review of the theory of trauma. It also gives insight into understanding the perceptions of the Korean War in the U.S.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.368-377
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• 2020

이 논문은 베트남전쟁 소설에 나타난 기억의 전승과 트라우마 양상을 연구한 것이다. 연구방법으로는 문화학 이론에 일조한 알라이다 아스만의 기억이론을 활용하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 베트남전쟁에서 배제된 타자의 목소리를 제기하였다. 1990년대 이후 발표된 베트남전쟁 소설은 타자의 목소리를 적극 반영하여 문화적 기억을 새롭게 전승하였다. 공식기억에서 배제된 민간인학살, 고엽제 피해자, 혼혈아 라이따이한 등의 이야기가 소설화되면서 대항기억으로 부상한 것이다. 방현석의 베트남전쟁 소설인 <존재와 형식>에서는 베트남전쟁을 어떻게 기억해야 하는지를 제기하였다. 방현석의 <랍스타를 먹는 시간>에서는 베트남전쟁에 대한 근본적인 성찰과 반성 없이는 한국은 미군의 정체성을 가질 수밖에 없음을 밝혔다. 둘째, 베트남전쟁의 비극성을 다룬 것으로 몸이 기억하는 트라우마 양상을 제시하였다. 안정효의 <하얀 전쟁>은 기억 투쟁의 과정에서 과거로 퇴행하였음을 밝혔다. 이대환의 <슬로우 불릿>은 고엽제로 인한 피해 양상이 가족사의 비극으로 이어짐을 밝혔다. 오현미의 <붉은 아오자이>는 한국계 베트남 혼혈인이 아비 부정을 극복하고 자기 정체성을 찾아가는 서사임을 밝혔다. 하림의 <사이공의 슬픈 노래>는 정체성의 혼란을 겪은 혼혈인 샤이랑의 이야기가 서사성의 약화로 인해 연애소설로 전락하였음을 밝혔다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2023

이 글의 목적은 하이브리드 전쟁(hybrid warfare)의 양상을 분석하고 그 과정에서 제시되는 도덕적 문제로서 행위자의 도덕적 책임을 평가하는 원리인 jus in bello의 한계를 제시하는 것이다. 전통적 전쟁에서 제시되는 전쟁의 도덕성에 관한 이론으로서 정의전쟁론(just war theory)은 널리 수용됐으며 특히 jus in bello는 전쟁에 참여 또는 관계하는 개인의 행위에 관한 도덕적 정당성의 기준을 제시한다. 하지만 다양한 전쟁 양상이 복합적으로 작용하는 하이브리드 전쟁은 전통적 전쟁과 대비하여 그 차이가 명백하며 이 차이는 전쟁에서 나타나는 행위에 대한 도덕적 평가와 책임의 귀속을 결정하는 데 어려움을 초래한다. 하이브리드 전쟁에서 발생하는 도덕적 문제를 적절하게 해소하기 위해서는 기존의 도덕적 정당화에 관한 이론의 한계가 구체적으로 무엇인지 밝힐 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 이 글에서 우리는 먼저 하이브리드 전쟁에 대한 개념적 이해를 제시하고 전통적 전쟁과 하이브리드 전쟁의 차이점을 구체화한 후 jus in bello를 구성하는 3가지 원리에 비추어 하이브리드 전쟁에서 그 적용의 한계를 보이겠다.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.49-74
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• 2021

In this paper, I applied grounded theory in exploring how Twitter became the battlefield for China's public diplomacy campaign. China's new move to global social media platforms, such as Twitter and Facebook, has been a controversial strategy in public diplomacy. This study analyzes Chinese Foreign Spokesperson Zhao Lijian's Twitter posts and comments. It models China's recent diplomatic move to Twitter as a "war of words" model, with features including "leadership," "polarization," and "aggression," while exerting possible effects as "resistance," "hatred," and "sarcasm" to the global community. Our findings show that by failing to gage public opinion and promote the country's positive image, China's current digital diplomacy strategy reflected by Zhao Lijian's tweets has instead constructed a polarized political public sphere, contradictory to the country's promoted "shared human destiny." The "war of words" model extends our understanding of China's new digital diplomacy move as a hybrid of state propaganda and self-performance. Such a strategy could spread hate speech and accelerate political polarization in cyberspace, despite improvements to China's homogenous network building on Twitter.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.55-85
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• 2011

Many States such as Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, California, New Mexico, Florida were obtained either from Spanish Empire or from Mexico. In 1848 due to the Guadalupe-Hidalgo treaty America could obtain half of the original territory of Mexico. American identity cannot be understood without the history of American expansionism further consolidated by the Spanish-American War in 1898, which brought other ex-Spanish colonies such as Guam, Puerto Rico, the Philippines to the US. The US's interest in these territories dates back to the Monroe doctrine in 1823 when Monroe "declared the Americas off-limits to any new European colonization." America justifies their expansion based on the notion of Manifest Destiny which was created by O'Sullivan at the hight of American fever to annex Texas to US. The intent of this paper is to study how Anglo-Saxon and Latin Culture clashed against each other especially right before and after the Spanish-American War. In this study the American hero, Theodore Roosevelt and Latin American hero, $Jos{\acute{e}}$ Martí will be compared, though they did not meet each other during the Spanish-American war due to Marti's early death in 1895 at the battle for the Cuba Libre. Their comparison is significant in that the former represents the American expansionist spirit and the latter the spirit of Anti-imperialism and Anti-Anglocentrism. Along with the concept of Manifest Destiny of America, 'American exceptionalism' is also mentioned which motivates U.S. to expand further even after the Spanish-American war in the form of 'informal imperialism' characterized by 'gunboat politics'of the US. These discussions will draw attention to how recent theorists such as Bryce Traister criticizes the Border Theory represented by $Jos{\acute{e}}$ David Saldívar. Here the Border Theory is criticized to repeat the discourse of the globalized capitalism which prefers the weak state and the transnational aspects by focusing on the in-betweenness of the border. In the end the paper will focus on how the Border theory as represented by Saldivar is political enough and sets up a resistant example against American expansionism of today in its focus on the call for pan-American and pluri-versal subjectivity of the borderlands. This point will be supported by a discussion of how Saldivar's view is confirmed by Walter Mignolo who advocates the "bottom up" resistance of the indigenous people of Chiapas and other social forums such as World Social Forum and the Social Forum of the Americas derived from the Zapatistas' movement whose motto is "A World in which many world co-exist."

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권7호
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• pp.55-89
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• 2009

This article aims to critically review recent U. S. RMA-centered theories of warfare having prevailed after the 1991-92 Gulf War upon which the current ROKA military transformation project, the Vision 2020, largely based. In order to evaluate validity as a universal warfighing theory of NCW (Network Centric Warfare) and EBO (Effects-Based Operations), this article reviews the intrinsic strength and weakness of the theories as well as results of several recent wars that the U. S. Army conducted based on doctrines derived form such theories, In addition, this article examines the impact of certain military technology or weapon system in some well-known historical wars to draw lessons regarding the relationship between technology(weapon system) and military victory. Historical examples has shown that victories in war were not achieved by new technologies alone in most cases. Rather military victories tended to owe to combination of new technology, original doctrine and well conceived organization. Although the U. S. Armed Forces showed brilliant records of operational successes anchored on the system of PGMs and NCW concepts in Iraq (1991-92; 2003) and Afghanistan (2001-02), it must be pointed out that the operational successes did not bring about political ones in cases of Iraq and Afghanistan. It reminds us of perils of too technologically tilted approach to the conduct of war. In sum, one ought to recognize that superior technology nowadays became a necessary condition of success but is not yet a sufficient condition, the ROKA needs to be abreast with development trends of military technologies and related theoretical concepts, it need not too be in a hurry in adopting cutting edged war-making technologies at the expense of large amount of budget. The essay recommends for the ROKA several basic requirements for coping with conduct of future wars as well as establishing a 'Korean style military thought'; (1) Recognition of importance of technology in conduct of war; (2) Imposition of officer self-study hours in working days; (3) Establishing a lifestyle of military professionalism in the Korean officer corps; (4) Setting up small or large groups of think-tanks that are specialized in army doctrinal formulation.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제13호
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• pp.7-33
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• 2012

The memory of the Korean War is about the time period when people lived toughly during evacuation, due to being exposed to the natural climate such as intense cold or heat without any protection, leaving their comfortable home and living in temporary built shelters which were barely enough to avoid the wind. 'Death is concealed and only the figures of evacuation for survival were expressed, just as how the government ordered. Since the experience of the battlefield is personal and fragmentary, that is broken into pieces, it does not have compatibility. As war is a distorted experience that cannot be placed in a big picture, it is not possible to take a view of the war's big picture. Having this individualized experience as a common collective memory is an issue and it is the will that people tries to pursue. The reason why the evacuees from north to south, and as well as from the south to further south were all able to be adopted as the theme of artworks due to the military action that emptied the occupied territories of the North Korean Army under the forced removal command. In such situations, the natural state of the 'snow' was like a symbol of the 1.4 Recession. The group of people who were thrown into the intense cold displaced the war damage of loosing their base livelihood, and symbolized the obedient citizens who faithfully follow their government's command. The figure of advocating anti-communism is projected as a figure of a refugee during cold winter-time and it contains ones past which he or she obeyed its own country's commands. Evacuation, especially the evacuation during the winter is a visual device that can confirm these kinds of country's command. The consequences were same for the artists as well. Therefore, the situation being communal could be found due to the individual experiences during war are ideological. The image of the refuge shown in the picture played the role of strengthening the consciousness of defecting to South Korea into the meaning of the 'Finding Freedom.' I would like to express that the reason of them leave their home during the harsh winter is in order to avoid the oppression of the Communist Party. The evacuation that people went through was not to 'Finding Freedom', but 'To Survive'. Later, this evacuation has been imprinted as a behavior of choosing free Republic of Korea, which was an ideological issue. Anti-communism was the rule of survival in South Korea society, and people have the tendency to remember what they want to remember. As it is not the people who possesses an incident, but the memory that possesses ones, people cover their memory with disguised plots in order to forget the violence and to live a different prologue. They share the incident of violence as a hurtful memory. The tragedy of the Korean War was the result of Ideology and being in between the powerful nations' rights, but the violence during the war has been depicted as a natural disaster, which was the evacuation in heavy snow.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.174-196
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• 2021

Even though Sino-American relations of the Donald Trump era were perceived as predominately confrontational, with a symbolic trade war between the two, the scale of economic interdependencies between the United States and China results in either a need for collaboration or in serious losses on both sides in the case of lack of cooperation. The paper aims at analyzing economic relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China at the time of the Trump presidency. Analysis is based on the complex interdependence theory of Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. The main hypothesis analyzed in the paper states: Asymmetric interdependence between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America limits the scope, intensity and length of a trade war. For the sake of the paper, economic interdependence will be analyzed. Apart from the reference to the state of the art, the document analysis and descriptive statistics are to be applied in the paper.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

In this paper, for the first time, the electroanalytical study of Triethylenediamine, TEDA was done on a typically graphene modified carbon paste electrode (Gr/CPE) in pH=10.5 of phosphate buffer solutions (PBS). The surface morphology of the bare and modified electrodes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electro-oxidation of TEDA was investigated at the surface of modified electrode. The results revealed that the oxidation peak current of TEDA at the surface of Gr/CPE is 2.70 times than that shown at bare-CPE. A linear calibration plot was observed in the range of 1.0 to 202.0 ppm. In this way, the detection limit was found to be 0.18 ppm. The method was then successfully applied to determination of TEDA in aqueous samples obtained from two kinds of activated carbon from the masks of war. On the other hand, density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory and a conductor-like Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM) was used to calculate the $pK_a$ values of TEDA. The energies of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital ($E_{LUMO}$) and highest occupied molecular orbital ($E_{HOMO}$), gap energy (${\Delta}E$) and some thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy of TEDA and its conjugate acid ($HT^+$) were calculated. The results of calculated $pK_a$ were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values.