• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.311-343
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• 2020

Because of the global warming, the Arctic Ocean is expected to be ice-free by the year 2035. When the Arctic Ocean will be opened, a number of national interests will become more salient as experiencing a shortened sailing distance and decreasing navigation expense, possibility of natural resources transport by sea from Arctic Circle, and indirect-profit making by building a herb port in Asia. To secure the national interests and support the free activities of people in this region, R.O.K government is trying to make advanced policies. In order to carry out the naval tasks in the Arctic Ocean, using the operational characteristics(mobility, flexibility, sustainability, presence of capabilities, projection) is necessary. To this end, ROK Navy should analyze the operational environment (O.E.) by its capability(weakness and strength), opportunity, and threat. R.O.K. Navy should make an effort over the following issues to implement the tasks in the Arctic Ocean: first, Navy needs to map out her own plan (Roadmap) under the direction of government policies and makes crews participate in the education·training programs in home and abroad for future polar experts. Third, to develop the forces and materials for the tasks in cold, far operations area, Navy should use domestic well-experienced shipbuilding skills and techniques of the fourth industrial revolution. Next, improving the combined operations capabilities and military trust with other countries in the Arctic region to cover the large area with lack of forces' number and to resolve the ports of call issues. Lastly, preparation in advance to execute a variety of missions against military and non-traditional threats such as epidemics, HA/DR, SOLAS, in the future operation area is required.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.199-203
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• 2005

One of the most important hydrological response characteristics is the lag time. It is well known as being under the influence of the morphometric properties of the basin, which could be expressed by catchment shape descriptors. In this paper, the geometric characteristics of an equivalent ellipse proposed by Moussa(2003) is applied for the lag time analysis. The lag time is obtained from the rainfall-runoff observed data by the method of moments suggested by Nash(1960) and the relationships between the basin morphometric properties and the lag time are discussed as applied to 3 catchments in Korea. Additionally, the shapes of equivalent ellipse are examined how they are transformed from upstream area to downstream one. As a result, the relationship between descriptors based on a equivalent ellipse a+b and $a+b+{\epsilon}OM$, and the lag time is shown to be close and the shape of ellipse is presented to approach a circle along the river downwards. Also, the notion of compactness which is used to express the shape of an irregular plan-form is tried to apply.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-43
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• 2023

This study examines and identified a series of strategies of Russia's political elites to maintain and strengthen their dominance by reviewing the case of revisions in the election laws of Russia in 2014. At that time, a mixed-member electoral system was newly introduced, and on the surface, it seemed that the new system was a step toward meeting the demands of the people for "enhanced democracy". However, in 2016 and 2021, the ruling party of Russia won the general elections by making the most of the factors that could distort the election results inherent in the mixed-member electoral system. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether the revision of election laws was a mere vehicle used by the ruling party, United Russia, to maintain its political power, or whether it was a leap forward to achieve democracy. The study result indicate that the revision of election laws in 2014 was part of the policy responses to the internal conflicts in the circle of Russia's political elites, which had been rising since 2008, as well as to the public resistance. In other words, it was confirmed that the revision of election laws was one of the measures taken to "minimize competition" and "reproduce political power on a stable basis".

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.566-570
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• 2014

Electrode pattern effects on the capacitive humidity sensor were investigated. The fabrication of the capacitive humidity sensor was formed with three steps. The bottom electrode was formed on the silicon substrate with Pt/Ti thin layer by using shadow mask and e-beam evaporator. The photo sensitive polyimide was formed on the bottom electrode by using photolithography process as a humidity sensitive thin film. The upper electrode was formed on the polyimide thin film with Pt/Ti thin layer by using e-beam evaporator and lift-off method. Three electrode patterns, such as circle, square, and triangle pattern, were used and changed the sizes to investigate the effects. The capacitances of the sensors were decreased 622 to 584 pF with the area decreament of patterns 250,000 to $196,250{\mu}m^2$. From these results, a capacitive humidity sensor with photo sensitive polyimide is expected to be applied to a high sensitive humidity sensor.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.208-212
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• 2005

At the survey of June, 2002, total 294 dead frees were found in 20 ha of Black pine (Pinus thunbergii) forest located in the western coastal region of Korean peninsula. The dead trees were scattered over the 27 place as groups of about ten trees each. As a result of the field survey on the relationship between the conditions of dead trees and the occurrence of fruiting bodies of Rhizina undulata around the dead and/or dying trees, from June 2002 to August 2004 in the four plots, the occurrence of infected trees was observed as a shape of an irregular concentric circle from the first infected tree and R. undulata was found mainly around the dead tree. Because there was no observation of any other insects and pathogens which would kill trees, the cause of tree death in groups was considered owing to R. undulata. From the analysis of the physical and chemical proper ties of the soil collected from the damaged areas, the pH of soil was between 4.6 and 5.8 and the contents of soil nutrients were very low. Any "fire" trace was not found at all the 27 damaged places in the area, Taean, Chungcheongnam-Do, which are generally known as an important factor to initiate development of the disease. Therefore, further examination is needed to verify precisely about other environmental factors related with the group dying of the Black pines in this area beside 'fire'.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.319-338
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• 2015

The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique makes use of surface-bonded lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches as impedance transducers measuring impedance variations monitored on host structural components. The present experimental work further evaluate an alternative to the conventional EMI technique which performs measurements of the variations in the output voltage of PZT transducers rather than computing electromechanical impedance (or admittance) itself. This paper further evaluates a variant of the EMI approach presented in a previous work of the present authors, suitable, for low-cost concrete structures monitoring applications making use of a credit card-sized Raspberry Pi single board computer as core hardware unit. This monitoring approach is also deployed by introducing a new damage identification index based on the ratio between the area of the 2-D error ellipse of specific probability of EMI-based measurements containment over that of the 2-D error circle of equivalent probability. Experimental results of damages occurring in concrete cubic and beam specimens are investigated under increasing loading conditions. Results illustrate that the proposed technique is an efficient approach for identification and early detection of damage in concrete structures.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.284-287
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• 2005

A 18-month-old, male Maltese dog with acute seizure was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Kyungpook National University. Abnormal neurologic findings included a tendency to fall to the left, turn and circle to the right, negative bilateral menace responses and pupillary light reflexes, and diminished responses to facial sensation testing on both sides. Radiographic signs were normal, except for occipital dysplasia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed bilateral asymmetric ventriculomegaly, which is more on left side. Cerebral edema was also suspected. The dog died after 9 days from the onset of seizure, and a necropsy was performed. Histopathologically, the brain lesions in the meninges and the cerebral cortex of this dog was presented. There was severe diffuse nonsuppurative inflammation in perivascular area of the meninges and the cerebral white matter. Based on the results, this case was diagnosed as necrotizing meningoencephalitis in Maltese dog.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.157-163
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a vision and depth information based real-time hand gesture interface method using finger joint estimation. For this, the areas of left and right hands are segmented after mapping of the visual image and depth information image, and labeling and boundary noise removal is performed. Then, the centroid point and rotation angle of each hand area are calculated. Afterwards, a circle is expanded at following pattern from a centroid point of the hand to detect joint points and end points of the finger by obtaining the midway points of the hand boundary crossing and the hand model is recognized. Experimental results that our method enabled fingertip distinction and recognized various hand gestures fast and accurately. As a result of the experiment on various hand poses with the hidden fingers using both hands, the accuracy showed over 90% and the performance indicated over 25 fps. The proposed method can be used as a without contacts input interface in HCI control, education, and game applications.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.715-722
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• 2006

Purpose: The main advantages of the perforator flap are minimal donor site morbidity, preservation of any main source artery and its thin characteristics. Most perforator flaps for hand reconstruction need primary and secondary procedures such as a flap debulkiness and liposuction etc. However, flap thickness of calf area is thinner than any other perforator flaps. Methods: We performed an anatomical study and clinical application of medial sural artery perforator flap. We found that there are two or more medial sural perforators located on a straight line drawn from the mid-point of popliteal crease to the mid-point of medial malleolus. Most pathway of medial sural artery comes along with this line. It is possible to observe the first perforators almost exactly 8 cm from midpoint of popliteal crease in a distal half circle drawn with a radius of 2 cm. Results: We report 12 cases in 11 patients of hand reconstruction with medial sural perforator free flap from Febrary 2003 to Febrary 2006. Complete healing was possible in 11 cases. Total flap loss for venous insufficiency was in 1 patient. During the follow-up, good contour and full range of motion was observed on hand reconstruction with medial sural perforator free flap. Conclusion: In the authors' experience, this anatomical study made it possible to prepare a diagram of the exact location of the medial sural perforators. This flap can be used to achieve acceptable functional and aesthetic results for hand reconstruction because of its thin characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.2757-2763
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• 2015

p-Snake is an energy minimizing algorithm that applies an additional prototype energy to the existing Active Contour Model and is used to extract the contour line in the area where the edge information is unclear. In this paper suggested the creation of a prototype energy field that applies a variable prototype expressed as a combination of circle and straight line primitives, and a fudge function, to improve p-Snake's contour extraction performance. The prototype was defined based on the parts codes entered and the appropriate initial contour was extracted in each primitive zones acquired from the pre-processing process. Then, the primitives variably adjusted to create the prototype and the contour probability based on the distance to the prototype was calculated through the fuzzy function to create the prototype energy field. This was applied to p-Snake to extract the contour from 100 images acquired from various small parts and compared its similarity with the prototype to find that p-Snake made with the adaptive prototype was about 4.6% more precise than the existing Snake method.