• 대한수학회보
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.997-1000
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• 2010

We prove that the reduced free product of $k\;{\times}\;k$ matrix algebras over abelian $C^*$-algebras is not the minimal tensor product of reduced free products of $k\;{\times}\;k$ matrix algebras over abelian $C^*$-algebras. It is shown that the reduced group $C^*$-algebra associated with a group having the property T of Kazhdan is not isomorphic to a reduced free product of abelian $C^*$-algebras or the minimal tensor product of such reduced free products. The infinite tensor product of reduced free products of abelian $C^*$-algebras is not isomorphic to the tensor product of a nuclear $C^*$-algebra and a reduced free product of abelian $C^*$-algebra. We discuss the freeness of free product $II_1$-factors and solidity of free product $II_1$-factors weaker than that of Ozawa. We show that the freeness in a free product is related to the existence of Cartan subalgebras in free product $II_1$-factors. Finally, we give a free product factor which is not solid in the weak sense.

• 지질공학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.215-231
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• 1995

지진 모멘트 tensor와 진원함수가 물리학자 방식으로 소개된다. 1970년도 이후에 개발된 지진모멘트 텐사와 진원 함수는 현대지진학에서의 매우 중요한 역할을 하여 왔다. 현대 지진학 언어로 지진 진원 기술은 지하인공폭발, 광산 암석 붕괴, 저수지 유도지진과 같은 인공지진은 물론 공유 지진의 물리현상을 연구하게 하여 왔다. 더우기 고전 지진학에서 중요하지 않았고 고전 지진학에 포함되어 있지 않았던 새로운 개념, 디지털 지진학 관측은 더욱 중요성을 띄게 되었다. 지진학의 기초, 특히 지진진원의 물리학을 응용물리학의 일부분으로 다룰 때가 왔다고 본다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2020

이 논문에서는 축 방향 대칭성을 가지는 원통형 이상체에 대한 자력 변화율 텐서의 해석해를 유도하였다. 일정한 방향으로 자화된 원통형 이상체에 대한 3성분 벡터 자력 반응식을 기존 연구에서 이미 유도하였으므로, 이를 직교좌표계에서 각 축 방향으로 미분하여 자력 변화율 텐서 반응식을 유도하였다. 원통형 이상체가 가지는 축 방향 대칭성 때문에 벡터 자력 반응식은 원통 좌표계의 변수를 포함한 식으로 표현되어 있으므로 직교 좌표계와 원통 좌표계 사이의 변수 미분 관계를 적용하여 자력 변화율 텐서를 유도하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.793-813
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• 2015

Characterization of discontinuous media is an endeavor that poses great challenge to engineers in practice. Since the inherent defects in cracked domains can substantially influence material resistance and govern its behavior, a lot of work is dedicated to efficiently model such effects. In order to overcome difficulties of material instability problems, one needs to comprehensively represent the geometry of cracks along with their impact on the mechanical properties of the intact material. In the present study, stress-strain results from laboratory experiments on Inada granite was used to derive crack tensor as a tool for the evaluation of fractured domain stability. It was found that the formulations proposed earlier could satisfactorily be employed to attain crack tensor via the invariants of which judgment on cracks population and induced anisotropy is possible. The earlier criteria based on crack tensor analyses were reviewed and compared to the results of the current study. It is concluded that the geometrical parameters calculated using mechanical properties could confidently be used to judge the anisotropy as well as strength of the cracked domain.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2018

심전도 신호는 기본적으로 심장의 전기적 활동에 포함되며 이를 통해 심박수 측정, 심장 박동의 리듬 검사, 심장 이상 진단, 정서 인식 및 생체 인식과 같은 다양한 목적으로 분석 및 활용된다. 본 논문의 목적은 다차원 데이터 배열인 텐서 특성을 가진 다선형 판별분석(MLDA: Multilinear Linear Discriminant Analysis) 기법을 이용하여 개인식별을 수행하고자 한다. MLDA는 상위 차원의 텐서를 포함하는 분류 문제에 대해서 차원 문제를 해결 할 수 있으며, 상호 연관된 부분 공간은 서로 다른 클래스를 구별하기 위해 사용될 수 있다. 제시된 방법의 성능을 검증하기 위해 Physionet의 MIT-BIH데이터베이스를 적용하였다. 이 데이터베이스에 대해 실험한 결과, MLDA는 기존 PCA와 LDA와 비교하여 개인식별 성능이 우수함을 확인하였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2019

Purpose: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data must be analyzed by an analyzer after data processing. Hence, the analyzed data of DTI might depend on the analyzer, making it a major limitation. This paper reviewed previous DTI studies reporting the repeatability and reproducibility of data from the corticospinal tract (CST), one of the most actively researched neural tracts on this topic. Materials and Methods: Relevant studies published between January 1990 and December 2018 were identified by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE electronic databases using the following keywords: DTI, diffusion tensor tractography, reliability, repeatability, reproducibility, and CST. As a result, 15 studies were selected. Results: Measurements of the CSTs using region of interest methods on 2-dimensional DTI images generally showed excellent repeatability and reproducibility of more than 0.8 but high variability (0.29 to 1.00) between studies. In contrast, measurements of the CST using the 3-dimensional DTT method not only revealed excellent repeatability and reproducibility of more than 0.9 but also low variability (repeatability, 0.88 to 1.00; reproducibility, 0.82 to 0.99) between studies. Conclusion: Both 2-dimensional DTI and 3-dimensional DTT methods appeared to be reliable for measuring the CST but the 3-dimensional DTT method appeared to be more reliable.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2022

이 논문에서는 선형 이상체에 대한 벡터 중력과 중력 변화율 텐서 반응식을 유도하였다. 축대칭성을 가지는 이상체를 멀리서 관측하면 선형 이상체로 근사가 가능하므로 선형 이상체에 대한 중력 및 중력 변화율 해석해가 필요하다. 선형 이상체에 대한 중력 퍼텐셜을 1차원 적분식으로 정의하고 이를 직교 좌표계에서 미분하여 벡터 중력을 유도한다. 중력 변화율 텐서 반응식은 벡터 중력을 직교 좌표계에서 한번 더 미분하여 유도한다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2023

Facial expression recognition plays a significant role in understanding human emotional states. With the advancement of AI and computer vision technologies, extensive research has been conducted in various fields, including improving customer service, medical diagnosis, and assessing learners' understanding in education. In this study, we develop a model that can infer emotions in real-time from a webcam using transfer learning with TensorFlow.js and MobileNet. While existing studies focus on achieving high accuracy using deep learning models, these models often require substantial resources due to their complex structure and computational demands. Consequently, there is a growing interest in developing lightweight deep learning models and transfer learning methods for restricted environments such as web browsers and edge devices. By employing MobileNet as the base model and performing transfer learning, our study develops a deep learning transfer model utilizing JavaScript-based TensorFlow.js, which can predict emotions in real-time using facial input from a webcam. This transfer model provides a foundation for implementing facial expression recognition in resource-constrained environments such as web and mobile applications, enabling its application in various industries.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2024

In order to realize tiny bridge crack discovery by UAV-based machine vision, a novel method combining deep learning and tensor voting is proposed. Firstly, the grid images of crack are detected and descripted based on SE-ResNet50 to generate feature points. Then, the probability significance map of crack image is calculated by tensor voting with feature points, which can define the direction and region of crack. Further, the crack detection anchor box is formed by non-maximum suppression from the probability significance map, which can improve the robustness of tiny crack detection. Finally, a case study is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the Xiangjiang-River bridge inspection. Compared with the original tensor voting algorithm, the proposed method has higher accuracy in the situation of only 1-2 pixels width crack and the existence of edge blur, crack discontinuity, which is suitable for UAV-based bridge crack discovery.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.503-514
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• 1998

We want to treat this problem for real hypersurfaces in a complex hyperbolic space $J_n(C)$. Thus it seems to be natural to consider some problems concerned with the estimation of the Ricci tensor for real hypersurfaces in $H_n(C)$. In this paper we will find a new tensorial formula concerned with the Ricci tensor and give it a characterization of horospheres and geodesic hyperspheres in a complex hyperbolic space $H_n(C)$.