• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to prove some results which are of independent interest and related to additive maps on ${\sigma}$-prime rings. Further, examples are given to demonstrate that the restrictions imposed on the hypotheses of these results are not superfluous.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2019

In this paper, we investigate commutativity of 3-prime near-rings ${\mathcal{N}}$ in which (1, ${\alpha}$)-derivations satisfy certain algebraic identities. Some well-known results characterizing commutativity of 3-prime near-rings have been generalized. Furthermore, we give some examples show that the restriction imposed on the hypothesis is not superfluous.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

In this paper we will demonstrate some results on a prime ring with involution by introducing two generalized derivations acting on symmetric and skew symmetric elements. This approach allows us to generalize some well known results. Furthermore, we provide examples to show that various restrictions imposed in the hypotheses of our theorems are not superfluous.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.557-578
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• 2013

For an ideal $\mathcal{I}$ of a preadditive category $\mathcal{A}$, we study when the canonical functor $\mathcal{C}:\mathcal{A}{\rightarrow}\mathcal{A}/\mathcal{I}$ is local. We prove that there exists a largest full subcategory $\mathcal{C}$ of $\mathcal{A}$, for which the canonical functor $\mathcal{C}:\mathcal{C}{\rightarrow}\mathcal{C}/\mathcal{I}$ is local. Under this condition, the functor $\mathcal{C}$, turns out to be a weak equivalence between $\mathcal{C}$, and $\mathcal{C}/\mathcal{I}$. If $\mathcal{A}$ is additive (with splitting idempotents), then $\mathcal{C}$ is additive (with splitting idempotents). The category $\mathcal{C}$ is ample in several cases, such as the case when $\mathcal{A}$=Mod-R and $\mathcal{I}$ is the ideal ${\Delta}$ of all morphisms with essential kernel. In this case, the category $\mathcal{C}$ contains, for instance, the full subcategory $\mathcal{F}$ of Mod-R whose objects are all the continuous modules. The advantage in passing from the category $\mathcal{F}$ to the category $\mathcal{F}/\mathcal{I}$ lies in the fact that, although the two categories $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{F}/\mathcal{I}$ are weakly equivalent, every endomorphism has a kernel and a cokernel in $\mathcal{F}/{\Delta}$, which is not true in $\mathcal{F}$. In the final section, we extend our theory from the case of one ideal$\mathcal{I}$ to the case of $n$ ideals $\mathcal{I}_$, ${\ldots}$, $\mathca{l}_n$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.7B
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• pp.1043-1049
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• 2010

E-document deposit and issue service among other services is critical service in CEDA(Certified E-Document Deposit Authority) that assure reliability and stability of E-document. After owner's E-document is registered in CEDA, issuing partial information(a part of page) is to prevent exposure of superfluous information when owner issue E-document to 3rd party. Also we suggested that is able to verify validation of E-document as validation check module is inserted suggested system.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.245-248
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• 2004

In the simple application programs, when the Bluetooth system is used, main packet, which is transmitted or many overheads, which depend on processing between every level, lead to superfluous outlay of resource area. It is shown in this paper, that all layers of bluetooth system are not used. And, it uses up to HCI layer which it is supported to make a connection between bluetooth and host device(ex. PC, PDA, etc$\ldots$), should be used levels up to HCI layer. Therefore, it is able to transfer every part of data what should be transmitted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.296-301
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• 1998

The Rough Set theory suggested by Pawlak in 1982 has been useful in AI, machine learning, knowledge acquisition, knowledge discovery from databases, expert system, inductive reasoning. etc. The main advantages of rough set are that it does not need any preliminary or additional information about data and reduce the superfluous informations. but it is a significant disadvantage in the real application that the inference result form is not the real control value but the divided disjoint interval attribute. In order to overcome this difficulty, we will propose approach in which Rough set theory and Neuro-fuzzy fusion are combined to obtain the optimal rule base from lots of input/output datum. These results are applied to the rule construction for infering the temperatures of refrigerator's specified points.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.79 no.4
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• pp.207-213
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• 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encompasses several clinical syndromes, most notably emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Most of the current treatments fail to attenuate severity and progression of the disease, thereby requiring better mechanistic understandings of pathogenesis to develop disease-modifying therapeutics. A number of theories on COPD pathogenesis have been promulgated wherein an increase in protease burden from chronic inflammation, exaggerated production of reactive oxygen species and the resulting oxidant injury, or superfluous cell death responses caused by enhanced cellular injury/damage were proposed as the culprit. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and together likely represent the multifaceted biological processes involved in COPD pathogenesis. Recent studies demonstrate that mitochondria are involved in innate immune signaling that plays important roles in cigarette smoke-induced inflammasome activation, pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling responses. These responses are reviewed herein and synthesized into a view of COPD pathogenesis whereby mitochondria play a central role.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

Adolf Loos studied at the Dresden Institute of Technology. He lived in America from 1893 to 1896. On his return to Vienna, hi worked for a year with the architect, Carl Mayreder. From 1897, he wrote extensively on design and architectural matters. In 1908, his famous article "Ornament and Crime"(Ornament und Verbrechen) was published, in which he linked the use of excessive decoration to a debasement of society. For Adolf Loos, it was a question not of renunciation of every ornament, but of the liberation from superfluous ornament. Where ornament was pastes on only, without connection with the subject or the building, and where ornament was not honest with the hand put on, the ornament is supposed to be removed. Onto the place of the ornament the joy of the material and the shaping should step. That the opinion of Adolf Loss is not correctly understood Is due on the one hand to the concentration on the 'ornament and crime' too very much. On the other hand his extreme Position is supposed to be understood more as thinking-impulse, more as provocation.ovocation.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

According to the common use of digital images, the need of image editing software is being increased rapidly. In this paper, we surveyed and summed up general users about their use style, favorite menus, troublesome functions about their image editing software. It was examined that about 73 % of the users thought that image editing software were more difficult than other applications thanks to the superfluous menu and function structure. We designed and proposed a new structure of menus and functions for general users to learn easily and make efficient use of an image editor.